A tarihin birnin. Lviv: tarihin halittar kuma da sunan birnin

Daya daga cikin mafi kyau da kuma arziki a cikin gine-gine da Monuments na wurin Ukraine ne Lviv. A tarihin birnin daga ta sosai kafuwarta zuwa yau cike yake da kuri'a na ban sha'awa facts. Za mu yi kokarin haskaka da mafi mashahuri na su. History of Lviv a duk da girma da bayyana a gaban mu.

prehistory

Ancient Slavic ƙauyuka a kan ƙasa na zamani birni yana ta asalin mafi zuwa V karni BC. Wasu masana tarihi yi imani da cewa shi ne tarihi na Lviv farawa daga wannan lokacin. Riga daga VII karni, a cikin shiri na rayayye aiki yanki sana'a, wanda ba shi da damar a kira wani birni. Amma abin da aka sa'an nan da ake kira shiri, ya zauna wani asiri to tarihi. Zaune shiri a cikin waɗancan kwanaki, kabilan White Croats.

A 981, yankin da nan gaba na Lviv, da yaki da matasa Yaren mutanen Poland mulkinsa, aka annexed to Prince Vladimir na Kiev Rus. Daga wannan lokaci kuma, wannan yanki da aka kunshe a cikin tattalin arziki da siyasa rayuwa ayyuka na Old Rasha jihar.

Bayan farkon na mulkin gargajiya fragmentation na guda tsoho Rasha iko na duniya, a kan wanda yanzu tsaye da Lions, shi aka farko kunshe a cikin Bagalike sarauta, da kuma daga 1199 - a cikin Galicia-Volyn sarauta Monomakh. Mahaliccin wannan jiha aka dauke su labari Mstislavovich, uba na gaba kafa Lviv, Daniel Romanovich Galitsky.

The flourishing Bagalike sarauta

Da shi shi ne lokacin mulkin Daniel ya shafi siyasa da tattalin arziki flowering na Bagalike gwamnati. Kuma wannan duk da cewa duk rayuwarsa ya yi da za a za'ayi a yaki da gida nobility da waje tsõkana - Poland da Hungary.

Amma da heaviest duka daga yammacin jihar sa da Mongol-Tatar mamayewa. A cikin shakka daga cikin tara, birane da yawa na Galicia da aka hallaka. Ba kamar sauran sarakunan Daniel har karshe kwanakin ransa gaba daya murabus zuwa kasashen waje karkiya. Ya ne kullum neman hanyoyin da za a samar da juriya ga invaders, ya yi kokarin samar da wani ƙawance da mangolawa, kunsha na Yammacin shugabanni. Domin wannan, ya kasance ko da shirye su zuwa jam'iyya da cocin Katolika, ko a yi ci amanarsa ba Orthodoxy. A fitarwa daga sabis da bangaskiya a cikin gwagwarmaya da mangolawa Daniil Galitsky Paparoma ya aka bai wa lakabi na King of Rasha.

Irin ayyukan da yarima, ba shakka, bai son taro khans, wanda ya aiko da wani punitive balaguro bayan wani zai tilasta wa biyayya. Saboda wadannan hare-hare a Galicia yawa garuruwa da kauyuka da aka hallaka.

Lviv tushe

Tatar hare-hare sun kasance daya daga cikin dalilan da kafa birnin da kyau sunan Lviv. Tarihi daga cikin halittar da farawa ta Countdown to 1256. A sa'an nan cewa wuta mai tsanani lalace da babban birnin kasar na Galicia-Volyn sarauta - Hill. A wannan connection, Prince Daniel, an yanke shawarar gina wani sabon manyan gari a wani yanki m ga Tartar hare-hare.

A daidai wannan lokaci, wasu masana tarihi nema da kwanan wata na Lvov tushe don wani lokaci a baya - a 1247 ko 1240. Haka kuma, a cikin wadannan shiriritar da wannan taron da aka ƙare da aure da ɗansa Daniila Lva, kuma zuwa shan mangolawa na Kiev.

gari suna

Kusan dukkanin masana tarihi suna da wannan ra'ayi, me ya sa garin ya ba da sunan Lvov. Tarihi da sunan an tashi zuwa dan da magaji Daniila Galitskogo - Lev Danilovich. Yana da aka girmama babbar mahaifin kira birnin, wanda aka qaddara domin ya zama babban birnin na sarauta. A cewar daya daga version, sunan da aka bai a kan ranar da bikin aure da 'yar Lion King of Hungary.

Rasha babban birnin kasar na mulkin

History of Lviv dauki wani sabon bi da bi da 1269, lokacin da Leo ya zama sarkin Galicia-Volyn King da kuma Rasha. Shi ya koma cikin babban birnin kasar da birnin Galich rakumi da maimaita halaka su kuma ƙone tudun. Daga wannan lokacin a kan Lions zama ba kawai babban birni na Galicia-Volyn sarauta, amma a gaskiya tsakiyar Rasha mulkin.

A daidai da ta sabon matsayi, birnin ya fara wani m yi. A 1270 aka gina shi da ake kira High Castle - da kagara da birnin. Ko da yake prince zauna a Lower Castle. A dukan rayuwar al'umma na gari faruwa a kasuwa, cewa shi ne ya zuciya. A cikin babban birnin kasar rũgũguwar fita more kuma mafi mutane daga kewaye da m ƙauyuka. Kamar wancan girma Lviv. A tarihin birnin ya zama wani ɓangare na rabuwa da tarihin duniya.

Bayan rasuwar Leo na gari ya ba rasa ta babban birnin kasar status. Ya kasance da babban birnin jihar, kuma a karkashin wadannan shugabanni, wanda duka biyu haifa da take Sarkin Rasha. Wannan ya ci gaba har sai 1340 da mutuwar George II Boleslaw hukuncin tseren ba ya watsar.

Lions a cikin Commonwealth

Da zarar a Galicia m mulki daular, ya sa doka da sarauta, da kuma musamman Lviv, ya shaida wa Polish sarki Casimir III. A 1340, dakarun ci birnin, ya kafa a can da sarauta da iko. Duk da haka, sarki ya ba da gari gwamnati da kuma cikin Magdeburg dokar, amma a lokaci guda, da Lions fara hanzari Polonized. Ba da da ewa mafi daga cikin gari sun Dogayen sanda. A mahimmin juzu'in na yawan mutane ma Yahudawa. History of Lviv daga yanzu har 1939 ne inextricably nasaba da Poland.

A 1412 zuwa birnin Galich archiepiscopal kujera aka koma.

A 1569 Poland da kuma Lithuania kafa jam'iyya jihar - Rzeczpospolita. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Lions ya kasance har sai 1772, lokacin da a sakamakon farko bangare na Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian jihar, ya, kamar sauran na Galicia, aka kafa a cikin Austria Empire na Habsburgs.

Mulkin Galicia da Lodomeria

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Habsburg daular mulkinsu, Lviv ya zama babban birnin lardin, wanda aka kira Mulkin Galicia da Lodomeria. Duk da cewa garin ya da wani ɓangare na wani jihar da kuma aka nada shi gwamnan Vienna, a yankin ya ci gaba da wasa a jagorancinsa ya ci gaba da Yaren mutanen Poland nobility.

Duk da haka, wannan lokaci za a iya kira al'adu Tarurrukan birni. Jami'ar aka mayar, bude gidan wasan kwaikwayo, na sarki ikon goyon bayan da yaki da addini obscurantism. A daidai wannan lokaci za mu fara raya al'adu Ruthenian al'umma, a matsayin Habsburgs kokarin nemo su goyon baya a cikin adawa da Polish nobility.

Ƙoƙari ya mayar da Ukrainian statehood

Bayan da sakamakon shan kashi a yakin duniya na farko a 1918 akwai wani auka na Austro-Hungarian Empire, da Ukrainian kawo dukkan daga Lviv yunkurin mayar nasu jihar da aka yi. Ta bayyana a cikin shela da jawabi na jihar yancin kai na kasashen yammacin Ukrainian jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar (ZUNR) Oktoba 19, 1918.

Amma matsalar shi ne, mafi yawan jama'a na Lviv a lokacin su ne Dogayen sanda, wanda ya gan kansa kawai a matsayin wani ɓangare na sabon Polish jihar. Saboda haka ZUNR rabo da aka shãfe haske. A watan Nuwamba, shugaban Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin Pilsudski riga a cikakken iko na Lvov, kuma in an jima ZUNR sojojin karshe an ci.

Karkashin Yaren mutanen Poland mulki

Saboda haka, tarihi na Lviv kafin 1939 aka hade da gwamnatin Poland. Ukrainians hakkokin da aka gaba daya keta a wannan lokaci. Haka abin ya fara daya daga cikin mafi ban tausayi shafukan a cikin tarihi na yankin. A lokacin wannan lokaci juya jini gwagwarmaya tsakanin Ukrainian nationalists da Polish hukumomi, babban aka azabtar da wanda suka fararen hula daga cikin wakilan biyu da daya da kuma sauran kabila.

A 1939, Poland aka zahiri raba tsakanin Jamus da kuma Tarayyar Soviet. Lvov da Galicia kusan duk aka annexed da Tarayyar Soviet.

Lions a cikin Tarayyar Soviet

Ba dogon teshilsya duniya Lviv. A tarihin gabatar da shi tare da wani jerin masifu. The Great Patriotic War. Nazi sojojin shagaltar da birnin Yuni 29, 1941. A lokacin Nazi zama da aka alama ta daya daga cikin mafi girma a kisan kiyashi na Yahudawa. Soviet sojojin yanta birni ne kawai a shekarar 1944.

Bayan da ya fara wani m sabuntawa na kauye. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Ukrainian Lviv zama mafi girma a masana'antu da kuma cibiyar al'adu na yankin. A wannan lokaci, da bambanci ga baya lokaci, da mafi yawan 'yan ƙasa ne kabilanci Ukrainians fara.

Lions bayan da shela da 'yancin kai na Ukraine

Ya ba su rasa da muhimmancin da kuma Lions bayan da shela da Agusta 24, 1991 Ukraine ta samu 'yancin kai. Duk da haka, tun da masana'antu m birnin rage muhimmanci, amma amma duk da haka, shi ne tattalin arziki da cibiyar na yankin. The al'adu muhimmancin zamani Lviv ga kasar ba za a iya overestimated. Mutane da yawa la'akari da shi da zuciya na Ukraine.

ƙarshe

Kamar yadda ka gani, da yawa ban tausayi da kuma, a maimakon haka, shi yana da wani farin ciki page tarihi na birnin. A takaice canja wurin duk ta twists kuma ya jũya zai yi aiki ba. Don bincika tattalin arziki da siyasa ci gaban birnin bukatar ka ciyar watanni ko ma shekaru. To, zuwa ga fahimtar ruhaniya jigon Lviv, ta wani dole ne ziyarci a cikin mutum.