A mummies na Pharaonic Misira

Ancient Misira ne mai yiwuwa cikin shahararrun na zamanin d wayewar duniya. A mutane da suka rayu a kan bankunan na Nile na shekaru dubbai BC, ya ta da kansa rarrabe pantheon alloli da arzikin al'adu. A cikin rare hankali tare da tsoho Misira suna mafi hade da mummies na Fir'auna, wanda janyo hankalin da ban sha'awa na ta asiri, kuma na ga mai sadaukarwa na mutuwa.

Ma'ana mummification

A zamanin d Masarawa yi imani da cewa, bayan mutuwar wani mutum da aka aika zuwa ga afterlife. Saboda haka, jiki na kasar mafi m da tasiri 'yan asalin bayan mutuwa dole hõre mummification. Wannan ya yi wa Fir'auna, manyan firistoci, aristocrats. Tsari gawar magani yana cike daban-daban intricacies na wanda aka sani a Ancient Misira.

M mutane na kasashen Afirka ya yi ĩmãni da cewa mummies na Fir'auna taimake su masu zuwa da yardar kaina yi tafiya zuwa afterlife. A cikin taro sani ya kasance mai karfi da ra'ayin cewa, shugabanni da allahntaka asali, shi ya sa su dangantaka da allahntaka mamaki fiye da hankali. Mummies na Fir'auna da aka binne shi a makabarta, musamman - da pyramids. Wannan style of gine da aka musamman Masar firtsi, wanda ya unprecedented bidi'a a cikin tarihin duniya. Babu Rum kuma wani abu kamar Mesofotamiya ya ba gina. Mafi shahara ne pyramids na Giza.

Kan aiwatar da mummification

Mummification aka dauke mai yawa favorites, amma a gaskiya shi za a iya saya, idan wani mutum ya so ya amince da zaman lafiya da zaman a cikin afterlife, kuma idan ya yi isa kudi yin haka. Amma akwai jiyya samuwa ne kawai Fir'auna da iyalansu. Alal misali, kawai jikinsu da aka sanya a cikin na musamman tasoshin (canopic). Don wannan karshen, gawar da aka yanka a hanya ta musamman. A ramuka suna cike da man fetur, wanda ci a cikin 'yan kwanaki. Masters, wanda aka hannu a mummification, sun wurinsu kyakkyawan zarafi 'yan al'umma. Su aka sani m zuwa wasu kimiyya na embalming. A kan ƙarni na Masar wayewa, wadannan asirinsu ba zama da aka sani ga sauran al'ummai, kamar Sumerians.

Jikin da aka adana a cikin tasoshin kusa da sarcophagus na mummy. Asirin da Fir'auna da aka binne tare da jikinsu. A cikin kabarin da aka sanya dukan sirri abubuwa da cewa, bisa ga addini da d ¯ a Masarawa, nan ma a kai a kai bauta wa da masu da sauran duniya. A wannan abu ya faru tare da gawarwakin da ake zaton koma zuwa Fir'auna, a lokacin da za su zama a kan sauran gefe na rayuwa.

Processing mummy

Sarrafa jiki da aka bushe, wanda zai iya wuce har zuwa kwanaki 40. A hanya damar da shi zuwa ga tsira shekaru da yawa. Domin ga jiki ba ya rasa da siffar daga halitta tafiyar matakai, shi ne cika da musamman bayani, wanda ciki har da wadanda dauke da sodium. Dole abubuwa embalmers cirewa a kan bankunan Kogin Nilu, wanda ya alfarma kogin na wayewa.

A mummies na Fir'auna a Misira sun kuma an bi da ta beauticians da hairdressers. A karshe mataki jiki mai rufi da musamman mai kakin zuma, guduro da sauran halitta sinadaran. A karshe, cikin jiki nade tare da bandeji da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani sarcophagus, wanda sanya mask a kan shi. Total mummification aiwatar daukan game da 70 kwana da kuma hada da aiki na mutane da yawa. Ciniki m horar da firistoci na daba na kasar Masar alloli. Bayyana ba shi yiwuwa. Masu laifi da aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa.

Valley da sarakunan

Tare da mummy a kabarin da aka binne ma dukan dukiya marigayin: ado, furniture, zinariya, da karusai, wanda a general sun kasance wata alama ce na ga babban zaman jama'a aji. iyali daya, kamar yadda mai mulkin, yana da nasa kabarin, wanda ya zama iyali crypt. Archaeologists sun sãmu, a cikin pyramids da dama mummies. Akwai alfarma wurare, wanda aka gina musamman mai yawa pyramids. Sun kasance a kudu na Misira. Wannan ne Valley na Sarakuna, Valley na Queens. Yana sami salama wakilan da dama dauloli da mulki tsoho jihar.

A zamanin d babban birnin kasar na Misira da aka birnin Thebes. Yana da yake a wurinsa shi ne sanannen Valley na Sarakuna. Shi ne a sararin necropolis, wanda dauke da dama daga cikin mummies na Fir'auna. Kwarin da aka gano kusan da hatsari da masana kimiyya Rasulov 'yan'uwa a lokacin da balaguro a 1871. Tun daga nan, aikin archaeologists ba tsaya ga guda daga yini.

Cheops

Daya daga cikin shahararrun ne mummy na Fir'auna Cheops. Ya yi mulki Misira a cikin XXVI karni BC. e. Ya adadi da aka sani zuwa tsoho masana tarihi, ciki har da Herodotus. Wannan al'amari ya nuna cewa Fir'auna ya yi gaske mai girma, ko a lokacin da idan aka kwatanta da da magabata, kuma mãsu mayẽwa, saboda sunayen da yawa daga cikin Fir'auna bai yi tsira a duk wani tarihi Madogararsa.

Cheops wani despot, mai tsanani azabtar da simintin ga wani kuskure. Ya kasance tausayi ga abokan gaba. Wannan hali ya saba wa tsoho Masar shugabanni, wanda ikon, kamar yadda Sahaban yi ĩmãni sauko daga gumaka, da Fir'auna ya kamata da keken shanu Blanche zuwa wani whim. A daidai wannan lokaci da mutane ba kokarin tsayayya. Cheops ma ya zama sananne ga tun suka yi jihãdi a cikin Sinai Larabawa da makiyayi.

dala na Cheops

Amma mafi girma nasara ta wannan Fir'auna shi ne daidai da dala, wanda aka gina domin kansa mummy. Shugabanni na Misira shirya mutuwa a kansa a gaba. Riga a lokacin da ran Fir'auna ya fara gina dala, inda ya kasance a sami madawwami sauran. Babu banda ga wannan mulkin shi ne, kuma Khufu.

Duk da haka, ya dala burge tare da size da dukan Sahaban da m zuriyarsa. Yana da aka kunshe a cikin jerin bakwai tsoho abubuwan al'ajabi na duniya da kuma ne kawai abin tunawa daga wannan jerin, wanda dade wa yau.

Daba hadaddun a Giza

Rasa mummy na Masar Fir'auna adana a ciki wata babbar labyrinth na farfajiyoyi a cikin ginin a mita 137. Wannan adadi da aka zarce kawai a karshen XIX karni, a lokacin da a Paris akwai da Eiffel Tower. Cheops kansa ya zaɓi shafin na kabarinsa. Sun fara biya a kan ƙasa na zamani birnin Giza. A rana ta kasance arewacin gefen da hurumi na zamanin d Memphis - babban birnin kasar Misira.

Tare da dala na alfarma da sassaka na Great Sphinx aka halitta, wanda aka sani a duniya ba muni fiye da dala kanta. Cheops fatan cewa a lokacin wannan wuri zai zama wani hadadden na al'ada gine-gine sadaukar wa daular Qing.

Ramses II

Wani babban Fir'auna Misira ya Ramses II. Ya yi mulki mafi yawansu ya dogon rai (1279-1213 gg. BC. E.). Sunansa kuwa ya gangara a tarihi godiya ga jerin soja kamfen da makwabta. Shĩ ne Mafi sani ga rikici da Hittiyawa. Ramses gina da yawa a cikin rayuwa. Ya kafa wasu garuruwa, mafi yawan abin da aka kira ta da sunan da.

Da shi shi ne Gwamnan wanda ya canza kuma ya canza da Ancient Misira. Mummies Fir'auna sau da yawa batu gravediggers farauta. Na yi ba togiya, kabarin Ramses II. Masar firistoci gan to shi cewa sarauta necropolis kasance m. Duk da yake tsoho wayewa har yanzu wanzu, wannan mulki ta jiki reburied sau da yawa. Na farko, da mummy Fir'auna Ramses da aka sanya a cikin crypt nasa mahaifin. Shi ba a san daidai lokacin da shi kori, amma a karshen firistoci samu wani sabon wuri domin jiki. Sun fara a hankali boye stash, wanda yake zuwa ga Fir'auna Herhor. Akwai kuma sun kasance sanya mummies wasu kaburbura, washe da 'yan fashi. Yana da aka jikin Thutmose III da Ramses III.

Da yaki da 'yan fashi kabari

A mafaka da aka gano kawai a cikin XIX karni. Da farko ya samu Larabawa kabari, 'yan fashi. A wannan epoch shi ne mai garabasa kasuwanci, saboda a Afirka Sands har yanzu suna da yawa taskõkin, wanda aka sayar mai kyau farashin a Turai baki kasuwar. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, burglars sha'awar a taska, da duwatsu masu daraja, ba mummies na Pharaonic Misira. Photo hasãra kaburburan tabbatar da wannan Trend.

Duk da haka, tuni a cikin XIX karni, kasar Masar hukumomi sun halitta na musamman ma'aikata, wanda tracks haramtaccen cinikin a antiquities. Ba da da ewa tushen kayan ado da aka samu. Saboda haka, a 1881, da mummy na Ramses shãfe a hannun masana kimiyya. Tun daga nan an adana a daban-daban gidajen tarihi. By karatu shi, masana kimiyya a duniya da aka samun sabon bayani game da mummification. A shekarar 1975, ragowar an hõre wani musamman zamani na adana hanya, wadda ta taimaka wajen ci gaba da tsira da mutum ke sanya na baya.

Wannan harka - wani matsananci nasara ga kimiyya al'umma. Matsayin mai mulkin, a lokacin da suka samu wani sabon kabari, ya kome bar da shi, ciki har da mummies. Asirin da Fir'auna da dũkiyõyinsu, da ƙarni janyo hankalin adventurers da kuma yan kasuwa.

Tutankhamun

A sanannun al'adu da shahararrun mummy na Tutankhamun. Wannan Fir'auna dokoki a wani matasa shekaru da 1332 zuwa 1323 BC. e. Ya mutu yana da shekaru 20 da shekaru. Lokacin da yake rayuwa, ya bai tsaya daga cikin jerin magabata kuma magadansa. Sunansa ya zama sananne saboda gaskiyar cewa ya kabarin ya shãfe shi tsoho looters.

Modern kimiyya bincike ya sanya shi yiwuwa a karatu, daki-daki mummy hali da matasa da mutuwar mutum. Kafin cewa shi ne al'ada sani cewa King Tut aka ta kashe ta wurin regent. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya tabbatar da kanta mummy Fir'auna na Misira. A dala, a cikin abin da aka adana, yana cike da kwalabe na magani ga cutar cizon sauro. Modern DNA analysis bai fitar da mulki cewa saurayi ya kasance m tare da tsanani cuta, saboda wanda ya mutu prematurely.

Lokacin da wata tawagar da archaeologists gano kabarin a 1922, ya kasance cike da duk wani nau'i na musamman kayayyakin gargajiya. Shi ne kabarin Tutankhamun damar kimiyyar zamani don sake yanayi inda aka binne mummies na Fir'auna na Misira. Photo kabarin nan da nan ya shiga cikin Yammacin latsa kuma ya sa wani abin mamaki.

La'anar da Fir'auna

Wani babban talla a kusa da kabarin Tutankhamun lokacin da ya fara Ubangiji Dzhordzh mutu ba zato ba tsammani Carnavon, wanda a] en da binciken ya gano ya zuwa yanzu. A Banasare mutu a wani hotel Alkahira jim kadan bayan shi da aka bude da wani tsoho crypt. A latsa nan da nan tsince cikin labarin. Ba da da ewa akwai sabon matattu, hade da wani archaeological balaguro. A latsa jita-jita cewa akwai la'ana da ta fāɗi a kan shugabannin wadanda suka shiga cikin kabarin.

The rare ra'ayi shi ne ra'ayin cewa tushen mũgun aiki ta kasance mummy Fir'auna. Hotuna da matattu fadi a cikin yadu replicated obituaries. A tsawon lokaci, akwai musun cewa unscrewed da labari na la'ana. Duk da haka, labari ya zama mashahuri batu na Yammacin al'adu. A XX karni, da dama alama fina-finan da aka yi mu'amala da la'ana.

Don babban har saboda su taken Ancient Misira ya sami shahararsa a tsakanin jama'a a manyan. Da ya zama sananne, wani labari da ya bayyana daya ko wani mummy. Kabarin da Fir'auna, wanda dã ya kasance m kuma untouched, kuma ba a samu tun gano Tutankhamun.