Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva: biography da kuma hoto

Zinaida Ermoleva an yi fice wakilin Soviet magani. Yana ta qaddamar da yawa yankan-baki da bincike, wanda ya ba wani zamani m ilimin.

farkon shekaru

Haifi Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva a 1898 Frolovo - daya daga cikin mutane da yawa ƙauyukansu na yankin na Don Cossacks. Na gama makaranta a Novocherkassk. Lokacin da ta je lokaci zuwa zabi wani sana'a, sai ta yanke shawarar cewa ta sadaukarwa - magani. Ermoleva shiga University of Don a Rostov-on-Don. Tuni a cikin matasa dalibi ya nuna fice siffofin halinsa. Yana featured keɓe kanka, aiki, a ƙishirwa ga ilimi da kuma mai karfi da nufin. Da yawa daga baya, bayan zama wani shahararren masanin kimiyya, Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva tuna yadda ta kaunace jami'a asirce Sneak cikin Lab kafin shi bũɗe, a wani karin awa daya ko biyu zuwa tinker tare da flasks.

Babban so na dalibai nan da nan ya zama ilimin. Yana da aka ta Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva ya sadaukar da dukan balagaggun rai. Bayan kammala karatu daga jami'a, ta zauna a jami'a a matsayin mataimakin sashen ilimin halittu kanana. Musamman mai yawa na masana kula da nazarin pathogens. Just to, a 20-ies na XX karni, akwai sabon m horo sadaukar da wadannan halittu. Tun lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna dauki wannan sana'a alkuki daya daga cikin na farko, da sunan da ya ko da yaushe aka hade da sabon da kuma wani lokacin juyin juya halin Musulunci binciken.

kwalara bincike

A 1922 a Rostov-on-Don can an barkewar cutar kwalara. Saboda da rashin shirinta na hukuma da kuma yawan nan ya juya a cikin wani cutar AIDS. Domin Ermoleva shi ne lokacin da za a yi nazarin cutar ba a gwajin shambura da kuma a kan titunan birnin. Kimiyya sannan san game da cutar kwalara ne ba sosai. Ya aka sani pathogen - Vibrio kwalara. Duk da haka, akwai wasu kwayoyin cuta, kamar shi, amma bai taba bincika da masana kimiyya har karshen.

Yana da da wadannan microbes ya dade aiki Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva. Kokarin gane da tasiri na prototypes a kan jikin mutum, ta tafi zuwa wata babbar hadarin. Ermoleva ta kamu da kanta ga ciyar da muhimmanci ga kimiyya kwarewa. A gwajin da aka wani rabo. An tabbatar da cewa kwayoyin alaka vibrio a cikin mutane, mutate da kuma zama rai barazana.

Motsi zuwa Moscow

Babban manufar da gwaje-gwajen da Ermoleva da kuma abokan aikin ta kasance wani maganin da zai iya kare mutane daga m cutar. A kwayoyin da zai haddasa cutar kwalara, aka jarrabi ga juriya da yawa abubuwa. Bayan wani dogon da kuma lokaci-cinyewa gwaje-gwaje Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna tabbatar da cewa for m kula da yawan ne ya isa ya chlorinate da ruwa. A sakamakon ta bincike aikin kafa tushen sabon tsafta dokokin da cewa zai zama m ga dukan ƙasar.

A cikin tsakiyar 20s, a lõkacin da ya aka sani, a microbiologist koma Moscow, inda ya gangarawa daya daga cikin sassan da biochemical Institute of the People ta Commissariat na Health na RSFSR. Ermoleva kuma ta tawagar suna aiki a kan binciken na microbes, ciki har da wadanda mafi V. cholerae. A bincike ya gano wani sabon subspecies wannan kwayoyin. Pathogen bambanta daga congeners da zai iya haske a cikin farar duhu. Lokacin da na kasa da kasa kimiyya al'umma matsahi na saba da sakamakon Ermoleva, an yanke shawarar zuwa sunan wannan nau'in da sunan da.

International fitarwa

A shekara ta 1925 a can aka farko profiled Soviet dakin gwaje-gwaje don nazarin da ake dasu Biochemistry. The kafa, da kuma wahayi na wannan musamman ma'aikata ya zama Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva. Photo bincike da aka kaiwa da komowar waje mujallar kimiyya. A kasashe da dama, da aka buga ta labarin (a cikin ilimin, epidemiology, da sauransu. D.).

Sa'an nan Ermoleva fara da yawa don magance gubobi. A Tarayyar Soviet, wannan sabon abu da aka yi karatu maras aure. Domin musayar invaluable kwarewa ta fara zuwa da manufa da kasashen waje, ciki har da Faransa da kuma Jamus. A wannan batun, shi ne dukan kayayyakin lokaci (na wanda akwai 'yan kaxan) biya zuwa kasashen waje harsuna. A 1928 Ermoleva ziyarci microbiological Institute mai suna bayan Lui Pastera a Paris. Tabbatar da musamman hayayyafa haɗin gwiwar Zinaida Vissarionovna da ta Jamus takwarorinsu.

A Tsakiyar Asia

By karshen 30s akwai lokatan da dama manyan Soviet kwararru a yaki da cutar kwalara. A protagonist na wannan kungiyar da aka Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Biography mace saboda ta cika da wani iri-iri m manufa.

A 1939, da kwalara annoba a Afghanistan. Soviet hukuma fara tsara m matakan kamuwa da cuta da aka ba kunshe a cikin tsakiyar Asiya Socialist jamhuriyoyin. A Uzbekistan a aiki kungiyar da aka aiko, karkashin jagorancin Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Yara da manya, mazauna manyan birane da kuma m kauyuka - duka karkashin barazana kamuwa da cuta. Suka kuwa taimaki miyagun ƙwayoyi ɓullo da Ermoleva. Har ila yau, a Uzbekistan, wani sabon tsarin na gwaji ga gaban cutar a cikin jiki da aka yi kokari.

Aiki a Cibiyar Tashkent, Zinaida Vissarionovna, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ya karbi sabon maganin, wanda hada maganin daga nau'i nau'i na cututtuka. A magani aka fafitikar da kwalara, diphtheria da typhoid.

lysozyme

A 30s a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da za'ayi nazarin lysozyme, wanda aka jagorancin Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Taimako zuwa ga ilimin na mace supplemented samu wani muhimmanci miyagun ƙwayoyi. A da enzyme lysozyme, wanda ya fara da za a yi amfani da masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci a matsayin hana aifuwa na maza da kuma a magani a matsayin maganin antiseptik.

A wannan hanya da kimiyya Ermoleva gama aikin magabata. Back a 1909, Paul bude Laşcencov abu lysozyme. The masanin kimiyya same shi a cikin wani kaza da kwai, da kuma gano cewa, shi zai iya dakatar da yaduwar germs. Daga baya, lysozyme samu a mutum tsokoki da kuma gland. Duk da haka, wadannan da wasu binciken ba su samu m aikace-aikace.

sabon binciken

Domin shekaru masu yawa, ilmin halitta sun yi kokarin bayyana yanayin kare jiki daga cuta. A binciken da na lysozyme iya dauke da labulen halin asiri a kan wannan nazarin halittu asiri. Nazarin abu tare da su unguwanni dauki Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva. Yabo microbiologist sun yawa, amma shi ba Allaha a kan ta laurels, amma ci gaba sosai kuma aiki productively domin amfanin dukkan kimiyya.

Ermoleva marubucin nasa ne haskaka fasahar lysozyme. Haka kuma, shi ne na farko iya tattara shi don a yi amfani da nasara a yi a magani. Ƙayyade da sinadaran yanayin da abu, da bincike ya iya gane lysozyme a daban-daban amfanin gona - horseradish, radish, da dai sauransu. Wannan samu bayyana tasiri na daban-daban jama'a magunguna ga cututtuka da kuma cuta ...

Farfesa da Ph.D.

Lysozyme ya batu Ermoleva bincike cikin rayuwar ta, da suka fara da 30-ies. A shekarar 1970, ta Lab ya iya haduwa da wannan abu a crystalline form. Bayan haka, lysozyme aka farko amfani da ophthalmology, tiyata, ilimin aikin likita na yara da kuma sauran filayen.

Wani aikace-aikace na lysozyme samu a cikin abinci da aikin gona da masana'antu. Yana da aka yi amfani da matsayin hana aifuwa na maza zuwa wasu lalacewa abinci, kamar qwai. A jihar ya kiyasta aikin da irin wannan hayayyafa sana'a kamar yadda Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Awards samu microbiologist (Stalin Prize, da Order of Lenin da Order of Red Banner na Labor) sun mai gani da muhimmancin da aiki. Bugu da kari, wani mai bincike a shekarar 1935 ya zama wani likita na kimiyya, da kuma a 1939 wani farfesa.

taimaka Stalingrad

A lokacin yakin duniya na II kasar da aka musamman da ake bukata kwararru kamar Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermoleva. "Iyaye" Soviet ilimin da epidemiology aka aika zuwa Stalingrad shawo a kewaye birni fara da kalaman na kwalara. Rikitarwa aiki don canja wurin na masana kimiyya a gaban Lines aka za'ayi saboda gaskiyar cewa roundabout hanyar ba shi yiwuwa ya ba da zama dole preventative kayan aiki don mazauna yankin. The kawai bege na Stalingrad ya kafa yi na wani medicament a cikin birnin.

Duk da dukan kasada dangantaka da titi yãƙi, harin bom da sauran munin yaki, Zinaida Ermoleva tare da tawagar ta shirya wani taro lamba na al'ummar jihar. Lokacin da samar da aka kafa, a cinkin kayan aiki ya fara kai 50 da mutane dubu a rana. Saboda da aiki aiki na kwayoyin da likitoci gudanar don kauce wa taro annoba aka shan azaba da Wehrmacht birni.

search kwayoyin

Duk da yake a cikin Stalingrad da kuma kallon da rauni sojoji na Red Army, Zinaida Ermoleva kusantar da hankali ga cewa mafi yawan marigayin bai mutu saboda raunukan da kansu, amma saboda jini kamuwa da cuta da kuma alaka da rikitarwa. Sa'an nan kuma ya fara gudanar da nazari awon sadaukar domin warware wannan matsala.

Ermoleva a cikin bincike da aka mayar da samu Aleksandra Fleminga. A shekara ta 1929, ya samu wani sabon gaba daya magani ga abu - penicillin. Wannan kwayoyin, ta hanyar da yanayi alaka kyawon tsayuwa, zama gaskiya juyin juya halin a pharmacology. Fleming ya ba su iya tabbatar da samu massively samuwa, tun da iri da aka sosai m. Yanzu wannan aiki ya kafa wani Ermoleva Zinaida Vissarionovna. Penicillin iya zama tushen a duniya magani ga cututtuka da lalacewa ta hanyar streptococci da staphylococci.

Fitowan na Soviet penicillin

A farko samfurori na cikin gida da penicillin bayyana a cikin 1942. Abu mai muhimmanci shi ne cewa kawai Soviet raw kayan amfani haduwa da shi. Bayan 'yan watanni a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya zo Govard Flori. Wannan masanin kimiyyar ya farfesa a Jami'ar Oxford, wanda ya gudanar ya cimma wannan nasara a cikin Amurka.

Birtaniya kawo Moscow nasa samfurori don kwatanta miyagun ƙwayoyi. A analysis nuna cewa penicillin Ermoleva sarrafa yawa da nagarta sosai. Duk da wannan, a cikin shekarar 1945, Nobel kwamitin bayar da lambar yabo ta Nobel a Physiology ko Medicine ya Howard chlorine.

a gaban,

Ko da yake Great Patriotic War ya riga a karshe mataki, dubban Soviet da sojoji suke har yanzu bukatar gaggawa taimako. A marigayi 1944, tare da babban Ermoleva likita Nikolai Burdenko suka tafi wajen ƙofar rike da wani magani gwajin a fama yanayi. Soviet penicillin tsira da matukar muhimmanci gwajin - da miyagun ƙwayoyi gaske taimaka wa rauni Red Army. Bayan da masana'antu samar da miyagun ƙwayoyi.

All watanni shida a kan gaban da farfesa Ermoleva yi aiki a matsananci yanayi. Ta Lab ya a cikin ginshiki, da kuma dukan kayan aiki da aka taru da sauri. Duk da wanda ba a sani kewaye, wani shahararren microbiologist sun jimre tare da aiki da.

bayan da yaki,

A postwar shekaru Zinaida Ermoleva fara wakiltar Tarayyar Soviet a cikin World Health Organization. A zabi fadi a kan shi da wani hadari. Ta san duk harsuna, da kuma yawan da ayyuka zuwa cikin gida magani ya yi fice. A shekarar 1956, WHO yaduwa jagoranci kwamitin maganin rigakafi. A wannan matsayi, Zinaida Ermoleva kasance har sai da ya mutu.

A 50-60 shekaru, shi ya koma ta aikin jaridar aiki, katse ta da yaƙi. Kamar dogon aiki Ermoleva ya wallafa fiye da 500 kimiyya takardunku. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya zama sananne a ko'ina cikin kasar godiya ga Veniamin Kaverin. Soviet marubuci amfani da biography Zinaida Vissarionovna a matsayin samfur na rayuwa tarihi na protagonist na littafinsa "bude littafin." Sai aka buga a sashi a wallafe-wallafen mujallar, a 1948-1956 gg.

Kaverin Ermoleva san da kaina tun 1928. Suka kawo marubuci, ɗan'uwan - Leon Zilber, wanda yake bincike a fagen virology da Oncology. Scientist na dogon lokaci wani abokin aiki Ermoleva. A lokacin Stalin ta repressions Zilber a sansanin. A daya daga cikin tarurruka da Zinaida Vissarionovna ya mika ta a asirce da rubutun da ya kimiyya aikin, da masu bincike tafi kai tsaye zuwa cikin gulag. Wannan episode, kamar wasu da dama, ya nuna babban ƙarfin hali da kuma keɓe kansa ga sadaukarwa Ermoleva. Zinaida Vissarionovna ci gaba da aiki da kuma karatu har ajalinsa. Ta rasu a kan Disamba 2, 1974, da barin zuriyarsa grand kimiyya al'adunmu.