A tarihin Eiffel Tower a Paris

A Eiffel Tower, alama ce Paris, yana mai rikitarwa tarihi. Na farko, shi ne ba a karɓa, sa'an nan amfani da su, amma a yanzu ba za a iya tunanin ba tare da Faransa babban birnin kasar na wannan ban mamaki da ginin.

wuri

Shahararren alama ce Paris, ba da birnin a saba duniya view, an located a kan Field of Mars, tsohon soja farati ƙasa, wanda aka tuba a cikin wani kyakkyawan wurin shakatawa. An raba hanyoyi, ado da kananan tafkunan da kuma flower gadaje. Daura da hasumiyar ne gada daga Jena. M openwork zane ne a bayyane daga mutane da yawa da maki a Paris, ko da yake an asalin shirya Eifel ba. Hasumiyar da yin daya aiki - don zama wani sabon abu ƙofar Duniya ta Fair.

Project amincewa da nadin zane

A tarihin Eiffel Tower fara a cikin marigayi XIX karni. A 1889, Duniya nuni da za a gudanar a Faransa babban birnin kasar. Wannan taron ya na bayar da muhimmanci ga kasar. Yana da aka ƙare ta zo daidai da centenary na storming na Bastille , kuma ya zuwa na ƙarshe ga 6 watanni.

Daya daga cikin manufofin na nuni - zanga-zanga da fasaha sababbin abubuwa, don haka ne Mãsu halittãwa gasar haimõmi, wanda aikin zai zama mafi kusantar su gani nan gaba. Entrance to nuni ya zuwa bauta a matsayin baka. The gine-ginen da aka tambayi shirya wani daftarin shiri, wanda zai nuna fasaha ƙarfi daga cikin kasar da kuma nasara da aikin injiniya.

Offer su shiga a cikin gasar daga cikin manyan mukaman gwamnati samu duk aikin injiniya da kuma zane na gari hukumar, ciki har da zuwa Gustave Eiffel. Ya da wani shirye-sanya mafita, kuma ya yanke shawarar ya nemi wani abu dace a ayyukan da cewa an dakatarda. Akwai wani abu zuwa gare shi, da kuma samu wani zane na hasumiya, tsara ta Maurice Keshlenom, ya collaborator. Tare da Emile Nuge yi aikin da aka kammala da sallama zuwa ga hamayya Eiffel. Engineer basira farko samu tare da halittawa da aikin wani lamban kira a kan shi, sa'an nan ya saye shi daga Keshla da Nuge. Saboda haka, da m dama na mallaka a kan hasumiya, da zane ya wuce zuwa Gustave Eiffel.

A gasar da aka samarwa da yawa ban sha'awa da kuma rigima ayyukan, da kuma tarihi na Eiffel Tower kuma ba zai iya fara. Engineering canje-canje sanya a cikin zane yi shi more ado, da kuma na hudu sauran contenders a karshen gasar, hukumar zabe shi.

Eiffel Tower - shekara na farko matakai na yi, kuma erection

A yi na wata katuwar yi ya fara Janairu 28, 1887. Yana tsawon shekaru biyu, watanni biyu da kwanaki biyar. A wancan zamani, wani mataki mai gudu. Ya yi bayani game da dukan high ainihin zane, wanda aka scrupulously ainihin girman da aka kayyade fiye da 18 dubu yi cikakken bayani. Bugu da kari, don bugun sama da taki na aikin, da Eifel amfani prefabricated ɓangare na hasumiya. biyu da rabi miliyan rivets aka yi amfani to connect duk da gina bayani. A pre-shirya sassa na rivet ramuka da aka fadi na sukar, kuma mafi yawansu ba su da aka kafa, wanda gudãnar up taron.

Eiffel da aka bayar cewa babu wani daga cikin pre-girbe katakanta da sauran sassa na tsarin ba da yin la'akari fiye da 3 ton - don haka suna da sauki don ya dauke cranes. Lokacin da tsawo daga hasumiyar ya outgrown girman dagawa na'urorin, sun zo da taimakon wani m-tsara musamman domin wayoyin cranes cewa matsawa a kan reluwe, halitta gaba lif.

A mafi wuya part for Gustave Eiffel da aka ba aiki a saman, a 300 mita tsawo da kuma gina na farko hasumiya dandali. Sand-cika karfe cylinders goyi bayan nauyi na hudu karkata ginshiƙai. A hankali sakewa da yashi, su za a iya kafa a daidai matsayi. A lokacin da wannan da aka yi, da farko dandali shigar horizontally.

A kudin ayyuka a gina hasumiyar ya kusan miliyan 8 francs. Yi ta halin kaka za a iya recouped a cikin lokaci na nuni (6 months).

Weight da size of Tsarin

Yadda yawa mita Eiffel Tower yake shi ne babban sake? Yana da aka 300 mita, da kuma da yawa fiye da karin da tunanin da ta size of cikin Statue of Liberty (93 mita tare da dutse pedestal).

Kuma da yawa mita high Eiffel Tower na yanzu? Bayan installing da sabon eriya ta zama 24 mita mafi girma. A total nauyi hasumiyar ne 10 dubu tons. Tare da kowane zanen ginin ta nauyi ƙaruwa da wani 60 ton.

A rabo daga hasumiyar bayan nuni da hali na Parisians

A karkashin wata kwangila sanya hannu tare da Eiffel, da hasumiya da za a dismantled a shekaru 20 bayan gina. nasara da aka deafening - a lokacin da nuni fiye da mutane miliyan biyu sun so ganin m yi cewa yana da wani daidai a duniya. A lokacin shekara, shi gudanar da recoup mafi yawan yi ta halin kaka. Amma da sha'awa na baƙi ba raba da m kawo dukkan of Paris. Eiffel Tower (France bai sani fiye da sabanin ra'ayin game da duk wani sauran wurare) sa takaici da hangula tsakanin artists da kuma marubuta. Kuma suka yi zaton shi mummuna, kamar factory bututun hayaki, da kuma ji tsoron cewa zai karya musamman look na Paris, sanya up for ƙarni.

A tarihin Eiffel Tower zai iya kawo karshen ta dismantling, idan ba wannan zamanin na rediyo. A rediyo antennas aka shigar gine-gine, ya sami gagarumin dabarun darajar. A kan rushe hasumiyar ne yanzu ba zai iya magana. A shekarar 1906, da Eiffel Tower sanya radio station, da kuma a shekara ta 1957 akwai wani TV eriya a kan ta saman.

Description na Eiffel Tower da dalilan da peculiarities na ginin

Benen kasa ne a dala yi. An kafa ta hudu karkata ginshiƙai. A kansu akwai farko square (65 mita a diamita) dandali hasumiyar. Goyon bayan an jona ta arched tracery vaults. Higher a bisa dirkoki huɗu ne na biyu dandamali. A dirkoki huɗu da hasumiya fara intertwine da kuma haɗa a wata babbar shafi. Shi ne da na uku dandamali. Sama da shi ne a hasumiya mai fitila da kuma karamin filin wasa kadan fiye da mita a diamita.

A cikin farko bene, wanda aka ɗauki cikinsa ta m, located gidan cin abinci. A na biyu, akwai wani gidan cin abinci da kuma wani akwati da lubricating man fetur domin gyaran lif. The uku bene da aka bai kan ga Lab (astronomical da meteorological).

Domin sabon abu siffar hasumiya a lokacin da Eifel ya aka soki. A gaskiya ma, wani m m da m cike da sanin cewa irin wannan babban tsarin da babban hadari ne mai karfi da iska. The zane da kuma siffar hasumiya an tsara su don tsayayya high iska lodi.

Eiffel Tower: ban sha'awa facts game da sanannen alama ce Paris

Adolf Hitler a lokacin zama na Faransa da Jamus sojojin ziyarci Paris da ya so ya hau Eiffel Tower. Amma dama kafin zuwa na lif drive an mai tsanani lalace, da kuma gyara shi ba zai yiwu a yaki yanayi. The shugaban na Jamus ya ba su iya hawa cikin hasumiya. Bayan kwata 'yanci na Faransa babban birnin kasar Bar sanã'anta' yan sa'o'i.

A m na Eiffel Tower ya sosai damuwa game da tsaro al'amurran da suka shafi, tun da aikin da aka za'ayi a sosai high altitudes. A cikin tarihi na yi, babu wani daga cikin ma'aikatan da aka ba su rasa - yana da quite wani rabo ga waɗanda shekara.

Tare da Eiffel Tower da hade m events - a shekara ta 2009 ta aka bayar na uku wuri a shahararsa tsakanin halaka kai.

Don repaint hasumiyar, zai dauki daya da rabi shekaru na aiki da kuma 60 ton na Paint.

A ranar da hasumiyar da shi jan a matsayin mai yawa da wutar lantarki kamar yadda wani karamin kauye na mutum ɗari da gidaje.

Paris shahara alama ce yana da kansa ya jadadda mallaka launi - "ruwan kasa Eiffel". Shi ne kamar yadda kusa da wannan tagulla inuwa Tsarin yi.

Akwai fiye da 300 kofe daga cikin shahararrun hasumiya. Da dama daga cikinsu akwai a Rasha: a Moscow, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Voronezh da Irkutsk.

A Eiffel Tower a al'ada

Landmark sun kasance abu na ban sha'awa na artists, kasida, marubuta da kuma gudanarwa.

A tarihin Eiffel Tower da ke rubuce a shirin gaskiya kafofin, kuma ta yiwu nan gaba sau an nuna a apocalyptic kaset. Daya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa da fina-finan - shirin "A nan gaba na duniya: rayuwa bayan mutane." Yana nuna cewa ba tare da goyon baya ga wani dogon lokaci da Eiffel Tower ba zai iya dagewa da manyan makiyan: tsatsa da kuma iska. Bayan game 150-300 shekaru na sama na a matakin na uku dandali zai durkushe da kuma fada.

Amma mafi yawan Eiffel Tower za a iya gani a cikin zane-zane na artists. Zhan Bero, a san shi da Genre zane-zane da suke nuna rayuwar yau da kullum a Paris, halitta zanen "Around da Eiffel Tower", wanda Parisienne da mamaki idan akai la'akari da babbar tsarin. A yawa ayyuka da kishin halittar Eiffel Mark Shagal.

ƙarshe

Daya daga cikin mafi recognizable gine-gine na duniya ne Eiffel Tower. France ne da gaskiya da alfahari da wannan ban mamaki alama ce Paris. Da ra'ayoyi daga saman hasumiyar birnin, m.

Sha'awan su da wani rana - m halittar Gustave Eiffel da ke bude wa baƙi a karshen mako.