Shekara na kafuwar Rostov Babba, na farko ya ambaci a cikin tarihin 862 shekaru

Rostov da Great - mafi tsufa Rasha birni. Archaeologists a kan gaba na Lake Nero samu shaidar tsoho ƙauyuka a Neolithic sau. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa daidai shekara na kafuwar Rostov Babba ba za a kafa. Da dama shekara dubu da suka wuce na farko da mutane suka zauna a can. Babu shakka, sũ, sun kasance duk Majusawa, su yawa a ɗakin magana game da shi. Shekara na farko ambaci birnin Rostov zai kare ba sai yanzu. "Tale of bygone Years" nuna 862-th, da kuma a 991 je wa mutãnen na Rostov Orthodox.

Kirista cibiyar a arewa maso gabashin Rasha

Daga nan don kusa birane da kauyuka da sauri yada Kristanci, duk da cewa kafirci tsayayya sababbin abubuwa, mai dogon lokaci. Ko da shekara tamanin a Rostov ƙasar ga sabon addini devotees mutu. Saboda haka, ya aka kashe Majusawa Bishop Leonty a 1071. Bugu da kari ga addini, Rostov Mai girma, wanda yawan shekaru da yawa kare Rasha daga ciki maƙiyi mamayewa daga gabas da arewa, ya yi aiki a matsayin wani tattalin arziki da siyasa na tsakiya na sarauta na Kiev. Shi ne daga can ya zo Rostov shugabanni - da 'ya'yan Kievan sarakuna.

A Year of Great Rostov tushe ne ba a sani ba zuwa gare mu, amma count aka gudanar daga farko da aka ambata a cikin "Tale of bygone Years". Kuma a rãnar da birnin a shekarar 2012, bikin da 1150th tunawa da lu'u-lu'u na "Golden Zobe". Ya tuna da shahara sarakunan da suke kara daukaka daga birnin. 'Ya'yan St. Vladimir - Baptist na Rus', wannan mulki a nan. Wannan Mabayyani Yaroslav Mudry, daga baya ya kashe Svyatopolk tsine wa, da kuma Prince Boris, wanda, tare da ɗan'uwansa, Gleb, Murom yarima, ya zama na farko Saints. A birnin Rostov Mai girma da yawa da suka shahara da ya gani a lokacin da yake tsawon rai - da kuma babban warriors da kuma babban laifi.

By Yaroslava Mudrogo zuwa Andreya Bogolyubskogo

Dan Yaroslav Vsevolod, Prince of Kiev, Rostov ya ba su gādo wa ɗansa - Vladimir Monomakh. Sa'an nan dokokin nan Yuri Dolgoruky, daga abin da birnin Rostov Veliky shige cikin mallaka daga cikin shahararrun ga adalci rayuwa Prince Andreyu Bogolyubskomu. All zai zama mai kyau, amma ba ya rayu a nan yarima. Duk da cewa da shekara na babban tushe na Rostov ya da yawa a baya, Andrew koma cikin babban birnin kasar daga Rostov zuwa Vladimir. Mazauna birnin suna tuntuɓe sabili da matsananci: me ya sa ba sa daidaita Kiev Rostov, ba Vladimir? Musamman cewa tuni a Yuri Dolgoruky fara kira cikin Rostov Mai girma. Kuma mafi kuma manyan kasashen Turai da kyau - duk da records suna cike da epithets.

Tuntuɓe sabili manyansu da kuma mugun nufi. Intertwining kusa Andreya Bogolyubskogo mugunta da kuma jini hadin kai. A fili, ba shi yiwuwa a yi haka. Bada jimawa ba, da sabon birni na Rostov kuma Novgorod outgrown su girma 'yan'uwanmu. Yau, tsohon garin da suke na baya cikin sharuddan yawan da kuma yankin, da kuma wajen samar da sabon - to Nizhny Novgorod da Rostov-on-Don. Watakila Ubangiji azãba ba. Duk da haka, a lokacin da labarin Rostov Mai girma gaske kyau, kuma suna da, ya sa ya cancanci fiye. Sai a wannan lokaci ne mafi girma Rasha birni, located in wani yanki na biyu kadada ɗari.

goma sha uku karni

A Year of Great Rostov tushe ya nisa a baya cewa cikin sharuddan yawan da kuma yankin, ya girma sosai cewa shi ne na biyu ne kawai zuwa Kiev da Novgorod. Bayan da m kisan Andreya Bogolyubskogo a 1174 mazauna zaba shi ne shugaban Novgorod sarkin, amma Mstislav ya ba su dauki wani babban birni a karkashin reshe.

Wasu lokaci dokokin Andarawas ɗan'uwansa, Michael, sa'an nan ya ci sarauta a Rostov, Vsevolod Big gurbi da kuma zauna a kan gadon sarautar ya'yan sarakuna ba har sai 1212. Sa'an nan kuma akwai mai tsawo da kuma jini yaƙi tsakanin 'ya'yansa, ko da wani karamin yaki ya faru a cikin abin da Constantine ya ci bar sarauta a Stolnyy Vladimir kuma Rostov dauki Yuri ci su da yaƙi.

biyu heroes

Bayan rasuwar Constantine zuwa kursiyin Rostov zauna dansa cornflowers. Dukansu biyu - da kuma Yuri, cornflowers - mayakan sun nice kuma sosai ƙaunar da dukkan mabiyansa. Dukansu daga cikinsu ya mutu a rana ɗaya a watan Maris 1238, a wani yaki da temnik Batu Burundai. Yuri fille kansa da kuma cornflowers da aka dauka fursuna, amma ba ga tsawo. Ya ƙi ta bauta wa Tatars da aka kashe.

Wadannan shugabanni kara wa jerin Saints a Rasha Land beamed. Dole ne in ce cewa a lokacin da suka yi mulki a cikin goma sha uku karni, ƙasar da aka zahiri blossomed: gina gidajen lama na Rostov girma, ramuwa da aka gina. White dutse Cathedral na ɗauka, wanda shi ne har yanzu alfahari da birnin, aka kammala daidai prince cornflowers.

Malaman Attaura da Warriors

More Constantine, wanda aka girmama da take da hikima ga soyayya da art, da sanin yawa karatu, domin gina haikalin, ya fara a Rasha jama'a ilimi. A 1204, bisa Grigorievsky rufe - addini makaranta, na farko a Rasha. Bishop Cyril patronized knigopisi: tare da shi goma sha lambobin takardar da aka yi, wadda muka kasance m isa ya gani. Chronicle of 862 shekaru ya ba yana nufin kawai daya, wanda yana nufin zuwa birnin Rostov.

Amma da Tartars ci gaba da hare-hare. Mutane da yawa sau da Rostov sojojin hallaka a cikin fadace-fadace kusan gaba daya. City ba a irin haka ne, su yi tsayayya da invaders, amma saboda yana da ba haka sau da yawa ƙone da pillaged. Duk da haka, ko da a cikin mafi tsananin lokacin da Tatar-Mongol karkiya birni yi ci gaba, tarihin da aka cika. Duk da haka, mazauna Rostov ba da cikakken yi ɗã'a ga kõwa. Akai-akai ya faru a cikin tarzomar da mulkin Tatars. Wata rana a 1320, Ivan Kalita, Prince na Moscow, gilla suppressed daya daga cikinsu. Boyars aka gaba daya lalace. A lokaci guda, da kuma iyaye na St. Sergius aka tilasta su motsa daga gida gari zuwa kauyen Radonezh.

Rundunar jayayya da yaki

Ƙarni biyu a jere - goma sha huɗu da ta goma sha biyar - ci gaba fragmentation na Rostov sarauta, saboda wannan dalilin, da siyasa muhimmancin babban birnin fadi ƙara. A 1328-m, ko da birnin kanta aka kasu kashi biyu, tsakanin Yarima Constantine jikoki. Candlemas na nan da nan na karkashin Moscow, kuma Boris da aka sayo ta Moscow ta hanyar fiye da karni da Ivan III. Battle of Kulikovo bukaci duk Rasha mutane. Ba na zauna a yayin da kuma tsakiyar Rostov Mai girma.

Rostov tawagar tsaya a karkashin tutar Dmitry Donskoy. A wannan yaki ne halarci kuma ya mutu heroically biyu Rostov Princess - Darya Rostovskaya da Antonina Puzhbolskaya. Suna binne shi a Rostov game da Prince ta kotu, inda wani dan wa na Sergiya Radonezhskogo daga baya, Akbishop Theodore, kafa sufi Kirsimeti. Description of Rostov girma na waɗanda shekara ce da kyau Gwargwadon wuri har yanzu bar birnin a cikin cibiyar cinikayya hanyoyi - daga nan hanya ya tafi zuwa ga White Sea, kuma a cikin karni na sha shida, Ingila ya bude wani tallace-tallace ofishin a Rostov.

Daga siyasa zuwa Orthodoxy

Amma daga rayuwar siyasa na Rostov ƙara nisantar. Duk da haka shirilos girma da kuma tasirin da take da a cikin coci rayuwa a kasar. A karni na sha hudu, da gida bishops fara kira archbishops, da kuma a 1589 da archdiocese da aka kafa a nan. Lokaci na matsaloli ya kawo m wahala birni. Just fara sake gina wani maginin sansanin soja da kewaye cibiyar Rostov Veliky, aikin ya da nisa sosai daga karshen, da kuma birnin da aka kuranye.

A Rostov yaƙi da Dogayen sanda har yanzu sun zo, kuma shi ya kasance musamman unequal chances na nasara ne kusan daidaita da sifili. The kare birnin, rauni da kuma fararen hula, da suka tsira suka tattara a ɗauka cewa Cathedral. Maqiyan zo lallashe da Lardi Filaret (Romanov, uban nan gaba, Sarkin Mikhail Fedorovich). Amma abokan gaba sun riƙi tsari yanka, ba sunã rãyar da kowa. Suka hallaka haikalin da kanta, da kuma dukan birnin, Metropolitan kama da kuma dauka da mayaudarin arya Dmitry - Tushino barawo. Duk da haka, occupier Filaret so, kuma ya koka game da lakabi na sarki.

lokacin da Romanovs

Lokacin da Dogayen sanda da kuma Lithuania barrantar da baya gida, Rostov hankali ya fara dawo, da kuma abu na farko da ya ci gaba da gina garun. Earthworks, wanda aka kewaye da birni a kan kõwane wuri, shi ne wani star da tara haskoki. Mutane da yawa daga cikin gine-gine a karkashin gini da aka rushe, ko da majami'u. Duk da haka, aka azabtar ya juya daga a banza - a kan Rostov ba dole kare kansu a kan maƙiyansa. A sansanin soja na da babban tasiri a kan kara raya birnin, abin da ya faru da karni biyu a jere - goma sha takwas da goma sha tara.

A farko ambaci birnin Rostov Velikiy nisanta dõmin wata shekara dubu, kuma a lokacin wannan lokaci ya bar 'yancin kai na tsohon administrative cibiyar. Duk da haka, a cikin Rostov backwoods bai kunna. An rinjayi Rasha ta mafi tsufa Metropolitan sashen, aiki III na Jonah, Lardi na Rostov, daga 1652 zuwa 1690, da sake fasalin na sarki Nikon da sãɓãni kawai sabõda na Orthodox Church. Jonah dauki albarkar Nikon, don haka ya fadi a cikin kunya tare da sarki Alexei Mikhailovich. A wannan lokaci ya aka dagagge zuwa da Rostov Kremlin, duk da hasumiyai na Lardi Kotun, kwaskwarimar da yawa Ibada. Ã'a, mafi yawansu duk ya zama sani godiya ga sanannen Rostov Jonah Call: lil kararrawa sauti cewa mamaki Orthodox mutane.

saint Dimitiriyas

Wani shahararren coci adadi na Rostov da Great Dimitriy Rostovsky, canonized, ya Lardi na kawai shekara bakwai, amma gudanar ya shiga cikin tarihin jihar a da yawa muhimmanci al'amura. A mafi zurfi alama bar na ruhaniya da rubuce-rubucen da cewa an kiyaye su a cikin da yawa. Babban addini aiki shi ne ya "Zaune na Saints" - rayuwar Rasha Orthodox tsarkaka. A 1757, St. Dimitiriyas canonized. Ya sauran kaya iya zama bauta wa a Mai Tsarki sufi Yakovlevsky Rostov Mai girma.

matsayi na birni ya canja a wannan lokacin. Lokacin da 'yancin kai da aka karshe rasa matsayin babban birnin kasar, Rostov mulki da masu mulki, wanda aka aiko nan daga Moscow. A 1692 a garin da aka sanya wa Yaroslavl lardin, da kuma a farkon karni na sha takwas ya Pereslavl lardin. A 1777-m Rostov Mai girma da aka bai da matsayi na wani gundumar birnin Yaroslavl gwamna, da kuma shekaru goma da daga baya ya aka kwace da Metropolitan sassan, tun lokacin da aka mayar da su Yaroslavl. Kuma zuwa wannan rana zaune lovely sauki Rostov yankin tsakiyar Yaroslavl yankin.

gani

Yanzu shi ne birni da wani yawan kawai a kan dubu arba'in mutane. Status ya na da dukkan guda - wani gari-gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma wani lu'u-lu'u na Golden Zobe na Rasha garuruwa. A farko wuri yawon bude ido so su gano? Hakika, da Rostov Kremlin, Metropolitan yadi - babban janye wannan birni. Dukan mazaunan ƙasar gani a fim game da Ivan, wanda ya musanya sana'a. Saboda haka, babu wani mutum wanda bai gani da Rostov Kremlin daga kusurwoyi mabambanta, domin harbi da ya faru a can. Lokacin da gari rasa Metropolitan sashen, da Kremlin fara samun koma baya, kuma jama'a na Rostov girma a cikin karni na sha tara, a mayar da duk gine-gine da aka gyara da kuma aka mayar. A 1883, da coci da aka bude Museum of Antiquities a cikin Kremlin.

Tsofaffin gini da daya daga cikin mafi kyau wurare - ɗauka cewa Cathedral a Cathedral Square. An daidai kiyaye wannan rana 991 shekara. Hakika, shi da aka sāke gina sau da yawa, da kuma Andrew Bogolyubsky, kuma Constantine Mai hikima, da kuma sarkin Basil. A halin yanzu ginin da aka gina a 1508. Wannan shi ne babban haikalin da birnin, da kabarin daga cikin sarakunan Rostov da dukan bishops. Ga mu dage farawa zuwa ga sauran kuma prince cornflowers da Lardi Jonah.

Kremlin

Towers da ganuwar da Kremlin, ma, da aka jefa up yawa daga baya, da farko ya ambaci a cikin tarihin. A da goma sha bakwai karni, a lokacin da birnin da aka tsunduma a Metropolitan Jonah. Shahararren Rostov belfry aka kuma gina su. Babban kararrawa Tã talatin da biyu ton! Raba kalmomi cancanci gidajen lama na Rostov Mai girma. Da farko, shi ne Mai Ceton Yakovlevsky Dimitriev sufi da, ba shakka, ba kalla sanannen sufi Ibrahim. A farko da aka tsarkake a cikin 1386 zuwa Church na ganewa na St. Anne. A lokacin matsaloli, da sufi da aka lalatar tsabtace, da kuma mayar da shi a sake, Metropolitan Jonah.

Tuni a 1780 th shi aka kewaye da dutse ganuwar da Dimitrievsky haikalin da aka gina a kan wani kyauta Sheremetiev. Wannan sufi baƙi iya ganin riga a ƙofar Rostov daga Moscow. Na biyu - Epiphany Avraamiev monastyr- mafi tsufa janye, wanda shi ne gaskiya alfahari ba ne kawai girma, amma kuma da dukan da Arewa-Eastern Rasha. Yana da aka kafa a tara karni, Reverend Ibrahim, wanda ya ci arna Veles amfani sanda samar daga cikin Rasha coci na Ioanna Bogoslova. Wannan ma'aikata dauki tare da shi Ivan Grozny a cikin yakin da Kazan kuma lashe. A cikin girmamawa da wannan taron a cikin ƙasa na sufi da aka gina Cathedral na Epiphany a 1555.

Rostov da Great Gashi na makamai

Kafin goma sha bakwai karni, wata alama ce Rostov wani tsuntsu wanda za a iya gani a kan Great Seal Ivana Groznogo karni na sha shida. Sarkin sarakuna ashirin da hudu bugu da ƙasashe Rasha birane, tsakanin wanda aka gabatar da Rostov. Yana da aka gaggafa, shugaban ya juya zuwa ga dama.

Alama ce da alama na Rostov farkon na goma sha bakwai karni barewa a cikin filin chervlonnom. Barewa ( "Jelenia") ado a pokrovtse sarki Mikhail Fedorovich, ya zinariya mane ko abin wuya, zinariya hooves da ƙahoni. Har yanzu, wannan hoton ne wata alama ce na birnin Rostov Mai girma.