The Battle of Kunersdorf. A sakamakon shekaru bakwai 'War

The Battle of Kunersdorf ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan fadace-fadace na shekarun nan bakwai 'War. Duk da cewa shi ya na da wani hukunci hali, sakamakon da rabo daga wani adadin dalilai wani lashe iya ba kai amfani. Saboda haka, sakamakon da shekaru bakwai War yakin kunersdorf ba m, kuma mai yawan wasu dalilai. Duk da haka, wannan al'amari ba ya rage muhimmancin da fadace-fadace a cikin tarihi na ma'adanin na yaki.

A Sanadin shekaru bakwai 'War

Babban dalilin da shekaru bakwai 'War ya girma rikitarwa a tsakanin manyan Turai iko: Prussia da Great Britain a hannu daya kuma da Ruhu Mai Roman Empire na Habsburgs, France, Spain da kuma Rasha Empire - a kan sauran. Don shiga cikin rikici da kuma yawan karami jihohi. A batu na hujja da aka kasa a kasashen waje mazauna, kazalika da yankin shawarwari tsakanin Prussian Hohenzollern da Habsburg Austria a kan Silesia.

Mafi yawa daga cikin manyan Turai al'ummai sun m Yunƙurin na Prussia, wanda keta data kasance tsarin na geopolitical dangantakar. A lokaci guda tsakanin Birtaniya kambi da Faransa da aka ci gaba da jayayya a kan kasashen waje mazauna, wucewa cikin gida yaƙe-yaƙe. Wannan ya sa Birtaniya ƙawance da Prussians, da wanda aka Faransa. Rasha Empress Elizabeth ma bai son yadda ya karu Frederick II - Sarkin Prussia.

Fashewa yaki

A farko yãƙi fara Prussian sojojin. A gefensu, shi ne mai irin pre-emptive yajin. Frederick II - Sarkin Prussia - ba ya so ya jira har sai da ya da yawa makiya tara dukan iko da kuma yin a su saukaka.

A watan Agusta 1756, Prussian sojojin mamaye zabe na Saxony, wanda ya zama Majibinci na Austria Habsburgs. Su sauri shagaltar da wannan sarauta. Nan da nan bayan haka, da Rasha, da kuma Ruhu Mai Roman Empire ayyana yaki kan Prussia.

A lokacin da 1757 fada a tsakanin Habsburg da Prussian sojojin tafi tare da sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na nasara. A daidai wannan lokaci domin aiki fama ayyukan da aka shiga da Sweden da kuma Rasha, wanda shi ne shugaban sojoji, Field Marshal Stepan Fedorovich Apraksin. Quite m ayyuka na sojojin Rasha ƙare a cikin wani m nasara a Gross-Egersdorf.

A 1758 da umurnin da Rasha sojojin da aka umurce ka Janar Fermor. Da farko, a karkashin jagorancin, da dakarun yi wajen nasarar. Amma a watan Agusta, yakin zorndorf, wanda bai kawo nasara ga ko dai jam'iyyar, amma ya daraja da babban hadayu.

Soja mataki a kan Hauwa'u na yakin kunersdorf

A cikin bazara na 1759 shugaban sojojin Rasha ya aka nada janar-a-manyan Petr Semenovich Saltykov. Ya aka daukarsa a dogara da kuma gogaggen shugaban, amma ya zuwa yanzu babu fice sabis ba da aka jera a gare shi.

A karkashin ya jagoranci, da Rasha sojojin tafi yamma zuwa ga cikin gabaci River, don ya ci tare da Austria sojojin. A wannan miƙa mulki, Yuni 23, 1759, da Prussian kungiyar soja, kunsha na 28,000 aka ci a Paltsige. Saboda haka nasarar PS Saltykov ya fara soja yaƙin neman zaɓe. Ba da da ewa Rasha da kuma Austria rundunar shiga a Frankfurt an der gabaci.

A lokaci guda Frederick II aka motsi zuwa ga hadin gwiwa sojojin, so kayar da su a cikin wani key yaƙi, da kuma game da shi, m wani hukunci amfani a cikin shakka daga cikin dukan yaki.

12 ga watan Agusta abokan adawar haɗuwar jama'a don kokarin warware rabo na yaki a yakin da aka sani da Battle of Kunersdorf. Shekara 1759 aka alama ta farko na babban fadace-fadace.

sojojin na jam'iyyun

Don wurin yaƙin, wanda zai daga baya zama da aka sani da yakin kunersdorf, Prussian Korol Fridrih II ya shugabanci wata runduna kunshi 48.000 sojoji. Mafi yawansu sun kasance dandana Tsohon soji, da na Prussian soja makaranta, kuma halarci fiye da daya yaƙi. 200 manyan bindigogi guda ya Haka kuma, Prussian sojojin.

Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Rasha, sojoji, akwai arba'in da daya da dubu sojoji. Bugu da kari, PS Saltykov mallaki sojan doki ya kunshi 5200 Kalmyk mahaya. Austria sojojin karkashin shugabanci na Ernst von Gidiyon Lauda ƙidaya 18.500 sojoji, da mahayan dawakansa. The Union Army da a total number of 248-th manyan bindigogi guda.

Location of dakarun kafin yaƙin

A Prussian sojojin ne da misali ga wata hanyar. Babban tsaro sun a cikin cibiyar, located a tarnaƙi na sojojin doki, da kuma karamin sahun aka tura dan kadan a gaba.

Rasha da kuma Austria sojojin suka kafa sansani a kan uku tuddai. Sai suka yi kokarin rinjãye wani abokin gaba. A'arãf sun dadi domin kāriyar da wuri, amma da abokan gaba sun kasance quite gagarumin shãmaki.

Shi ne wuri na kawance sojojin da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan yadda wurin yaƙi a Kunersdorf. Kwamandan Saltykov shi ne babban sojojin a cikin cibiyar. A hagu flank na Rasha sojojin umarta ta Duke Alexander Mikhailovich Golitsyn. Tun da shi ne mafi raunin mahada na kawance sojojin, staffed a wani gagarumin yawan sabon recruits, Frederick II zaci shi ne a gare shi ya sa ya fi shafa, da sojojin.

komowar ruwa na yaki

The Battle of Kunersdorf fara a ƙarfe tara na safe, a lokacin da wani Prussian manyan bindigogi suka bude wuta a kan Allied sojojin. Shugabanci na wuta da aka mayar da hankali a gefe na hagu flank da sojojin Rasha, a karkashin umurnin Prince Golitsyn. A 10 am, shi ya bude koma wuta na Rasha manyan bindigogi. Duk da haka, ingancinta ya kasance yawa kasa da Prussian. Bayan wani hour na sojojin abokan gaba sun kai hari mafi raunin dakaru bar reshe na Rasha, sojoji. Kafin m ƙarfi daga cikin Prussians naúrar ne a karkashin umurnin Prince Golitsyn, shi ne ya koma baya.

A tarzomar yaƙi da sojojin na Frederick II gudanar ya kama kusan duk Rasha manyan bindigogi. The King of Prussia ya nasara, kuma ko da ya aiko da wani Manzo zuwa babban birnin kasar tare da wannan sakon.

Amma da Allied sojojin ba su ma tunanin dakatar da juriya. Petr Semenovich Saltykov da umarnin don canja wurin ƙarin sojojin zuwa tsawo na Spitsbergen, domin wanda a lokacin sun tsananin yãƙi. Don sa da matsi a kan kawance sojojin, Frederick II yanke shawarar amfani da mahayan dawakansa. Amma saboda da m ƙasa ta yadda ya dace da aka ƙwarai rage. Allied sojojin sun iya jefar da Prussian m da kuma jefa kashe sojojin Frederick daga wani tsawo na Spitsbergen.

Wannan gazawar ya m zuwa Prussian sojojin. Da dama na shugabannin da aka kashe, da kuma Friedrich tsallaka rijiya mutuwa. Don magance halin da ake ciki, ya kamu har ya karshe reserves - cuirassiers. Amma suka shafe ta Kalmyk sojojin doki.

Bayan da cewa duk da-fita m majiɓinta. A Prussian sojojin da suka garzaya da tserewa, amma crowding a mararraba fi aggravated halin da ake ciki. Frederick II wannan shi ne har yanzu ba su sani ba daga irin wannan kaye. Na 48.000 sojoji na sarki ya iya janye daga yaƙin sarari ne kawai uku dubu iya-bodied maza. Kamar wancan ƙare yakin Kunersdorf.

asarar daga cikin jam'iyyun

Lokacin yaki, inda suka kashe mutane 6271 daga Prussian sojojin. 1356 sojoji da aka rasa, ko da yake, mafi m, mafi yawansu ba su ma samu da mutuwa. A 4599 mutane da aka dauka fursuna. Bugu da kari, a 2055 wani soja yashe. Amma mafi muhimmanci rabo daga cikin Prussian asarar da aka jikkata - 11342 mutum. Babu shakka, su ba za a iya dauke da wani cikakken fledged fama raka'a. Total hasarori na Prussian sojojin 25623 mutum.

A Allied sojojin da aka rasa ba kasa. Saboda haka, an kashe mutane 7060, wanda 5.614 Rasha da kuma 1.446 Austrians. M 1.150 sojoji, ciki har da 703 Rasha. Yawan rauni wuce adadin 15.300 mutane. Bugu da kari, a farkon yaƙin ya da Prussian sojojin kama dubu biyar sojoji na kungiyar tarayyar Army. Total asarar amounted zuwa 28512 mutane.

bayan yakin

Saboda haka, Prussian sojojin sha wahala a m shan kashi, wanda alama yakin Kunersdorf. 1759 zai iya zama wani lokaci na cikakken halakar Mulkin Prussia. Frederick II ne kawai uku dubu iya-bodied maza wanda ba zai iya samar da mai kyau juriya ga Allied sojojin, lambobi dubban mutane. A hanya zuwa Berlin ga sojojin Rasha da aka bude. Ko Friedrich a lokacin da aka gamsu da cewa gwamnatinsa za ta nan da nan ya zo ga ƙarshe. Tuni wannan shekara, sakamakon na shekaru bakwai War iya an taƙaice. Duk da haka, sa'an nan ta ba da ake kira.

Miracle na House of Brandenburg

Duk da haka, duk da wadannan kaffa yiwuwa ga Allied Runduna, yakin Kunersdorf bai iya yin hukunci nasara a cikin shakka daga ayyukan soji. Wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar wani yawan sabani tsakanin shugabannin Rasha da kuma Austria sojojin. A wancan lokaci, a lokacin da shi ya zama dole don tsara wani walƙiya tafiya a kan Berlin, suka ci gaba da sojojin kafin a kai bayan amincewarsa kan kara hadin gwiwa ayyuka. Kuma duka biyu Rasha da kuma Austrians zargi da sauran gefen shi ne a take hakkin yarjejeniyar.

Irin wannan savanin Union sojojin wahayi zuwa Friedrich, ya rasa dukkan bege na wani cin nasara sakamako ga kasar su. Kamar 'yan kwanaki ya ya iya score tridtsatitrehtysyachnuyu sojojin sake. Yanzu kowa da kowa ya gamsu da cewa Allied sojojin ba za su iya shiga ba tare da tashin hankali da juriya a Berlin. Bugu da ƙari, akwai shakku cewa Prussian babban birnin kasar a general zai dauki.

A gaskiya ma, saboda rashin daidaituwa umurnin da Allied sojojin rasa da babban amfani da ake samu bayan yakin kunersdorf. Wannan alhẽri ne ga rãyukansu daidaituwa Frederick II mai lakabin "da Miracle na Brandenburg a gida."

The m Hakika na fada

Ko da yake lalacewar Prussia gudanar ya kauce, m soja mataki a cikin 1759 ne ba a cikin ni'imar. Frederick II ta sojojin sha wahala daya kashi bayan wani. Prussia da kuma Ingila aka tilasta Sue ga zaman lafiya, amma Rasha da kuma Austria, fatan a gama kashe wani abokin gaba, wata yarjejeniya ba su tafi ba.

A halin yanzu, English rundunar motoci ya iya ji ciwo wata babbar kashi a wajen Faransa a Kiberonskom Bay da Frederick II a 1760 ya ci Austrians a Torgau. Duk da haka, wannan rabo kudin shi sosai.

Sa'an nan fada ya tafi tare da sãɓãwar launukansa nasara. Amma a 1761 da Austria da kuma Rasha sojojin ya sake aikata wani jerin crushing kashi Prussian jihar, daga abin da 'yan imani da cewa shi zai warke.

Sake Frederick II, tsira da wata mu'ujiza. Rasha Empire yi sulhu da shi. Haka kuma, shi ya shiga yaki a gefen 'yan maƙiyi. Wannan bayani da cewa da Empress Elizabeth, wanda ko da yaushe ga Prussian barazana, ya hau kan gadon sarautar da Jamus-haife Peter III, a zahiri shirka Frederick II. Wannan ya kai ga gaskiya cewa Prussian kambi aka sake ceto.

Gamawa na shekarun nan bakwai 'War

Bayan haka, ya bayyana cewa babu wani daga cikin jam'iyyun za su ba za su iya cimma karshe da nasarar da rikici a kusa da nan gaba. Duk da haka, da asarar rai a duk sojojin isa babbar lambobi, da yaƙe kasashen albarkatun an tsautsayi. Saboda haka, da jihohin takara a yaki, ya fara ƙoƙari ya yarda a tsakãninsu.

A 1762 Faransa da kuma Prussia amince da duniya. Kuma gaba shekara, da yaki ya kan.

A] aukacin sakamakon shekaru bakwai 'War

A] aukacin sakamakon shekaru bakwai 'War za a iya bayyana ta da wadannan abstracts:

1. Complete nasara ba a samu ta hanyar wani ɓangare na da rikici, amma mafi alhẽri iya cimma wani kawance na Burtaniya da kuma Prussia.

2. shekaru bakwai 'War kasance daya daga cikin mummunan rikice-rikice na XVIII karni.

3. The Battle of Kunersdorf da sauran nasara ayyukan da Rasha sojojin da aka biya diyya mismatch matsayi da Austrians da raba zaman lafiya na Bitrus III, Frederick II.

4. Birtaniya gudanar ya kama wani gagarumin rabo daga Faransa mazauna.

5. Prussia karshe tashi Silesia, da'awar da Austria Habsburgs.

A sakamakon na shekarun nan bakwai 'War

Ko bayan cikar sabani tsakanin kungiyoyin na kasashen duniya sun ba da aka yi niyyar zartarwa, kawai har ma fiye da tataccen. Amma babbar asarar rayuwa da kuma tattalin arziki sha na takaddama jam'iyyun a sakamakon shekaru bakwai 'War, sanya shi ba zai yiwu ba ga farfado da manyan sikelin-soja rikici tsakanin kawancen kasashen Turai har zuwa karshen da XVIII karni, a lokacin da farkon na Faransa juyin juya halin da kuma Napoleonic Wars. Duk da haka, na gida rikice-rikice a Turai quite sau da yawa bayyana ko a cikin wannan lokaci. Amma babban manufar yaki da mulkin mallaka rabo na duniya sun har yanzu su zo.