Wannan m kuma malopoznannoe injin

Air - cakuda gas, yafi nitrogen (78%) kuma oxygen Yã ₂ (21%). A farko iska wadata (80%) ne a cikin ƙananan Layer da yanayi - da troposphere. A troposphere ne wajen a tsawo har zuwa 15 km daga Duniya ta surface. Located sama da babba yadudduka da yanayi inda iska ne don haka rarefied cewa su ne m ga rayuwa da kuma ake kira "injin".

The kofa ga sarari

Sama da troposphere zuwa game da 60 km tsawo a wata babbar injin kara sama Duniya ta surface. Wannan - da stratosphere. Wannan Layer aka kira "predkosmos" ko "kofa sarari." Babban alama ne ta sauka a hankali Yunƙurin tsaye zazzabi. Daga debe 60 ° ^C a tsawon 15-20 km daga Duniya ta surface har zuwa + 2 ^{° C,} bi da bi, a mafi batu na stratosphere a wata tsawo na 55-60 km.

A stratosphere - resistant Layer na yanayi, a cikin abin da babu wani convection na iska.

Ruwa tururi a cikin wannan Layer ne kusan ƙarancin. Amma a tsawon game da 25 km wani lokaci ana lura da abin da ake kira "lu'u-lu'u" girgije. Karatunsu da kuma fahimtar yanayi na asalin gudanar da masana kimiyya a duk faɗin duniya.

A lemar sararin samaniya Layer - shãmaki

An muhimmanci samu shi ne stratospheric lemar sararin samaniya Layer, kunsha na musamman kwayoyin oxygen Yã _3. Wannan Layer yana da wani kauri daga 2-3 mm, amma yana da matukar muhimmanci aiki na kare Duniya da rayuwa a kan shi daga cutarwa sakamakon ultraviolet radiation hasken rana. By karatu da kaddarorin na lemar sararin samaniya garkuwa, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa, shi zai iya halakar freon gas, da zarar amfani a baje a masana'antu. A halin yanzu, da yin amfani da Freon dakatar duniya tun daga halakar da lemar sararin samaniya Layer zai babu makawa kai ga mutuwar dukan rai a duniya.

sarari bude sarari

Waje cikin yanayin duniya iyaka injin fara. Wannan sarari. Masana kimiyya yi imani cewa gaba dayan duniya an hada da yawa taurari. Kowane galaxy na da tsarin. Adam rayukansu a wani galaxy kira da Solar System, wanda ya ƙunshi wani star - rãnã - da kuma taurari revolving a kusa da shi.

Masana kimiyya rarrabe Concepts kamar "kusa" da "m" sarari.

Kusa da sarari abubuwa ne a cikin hasken rana tsarin. Yana taurari da kuma su da tauraron dan adam, da watã, meteorites, asteroids, comets. Deep sarari abubuwa suna located waje cikin hasken rana tsarin. Waɗannan su ne taurari, taurari, nebulae, black ramukan. Su nesa da aka lasafta a cikin haske da shekaru.

Airless sarari. Matsalolin a koyo

Babban wahala a cikin binciken na stratosphere ne cewa iska ne musamman rarefied a irin wannan tsawo. A mutum ba zai iya tsira a nan ba tare da wani musamman kwat da wando. Bayan da rashin oxygen for numfashi sosai low yanayi matsa lamba take kaiwa zuwa da cewa a cikin mutane da jini ya fara tafasa. Babu shakka, shi ne m da rai. Saboda haka stratosphere nazari fara gwada da kwanan nan - a cikin 30s na karni na 20th, a lokacin da aka kirkiro da ake kira stratospheric balan-balan. A karo na farko a kan wani stratospheric balan-balan zuwa wani tsawo na 16 km up da Swiss O. Picard da P. Kipfer. 3 Bayan shekaru, a cikin 1934, da Soviet ƙungiya hau a cikin stratosphere. Abin takaici, wannan kimiyya balaguro ƙare takaici - daukacin ma'aikatan da aka kashe.

Idan stratosphere don nazarin wuya, nazarin sararin samaniya - shi ke wuce yarda da rikitarwa, samun tsada, kuma sau da yawa ba zai yiwu ba, a wannan mataki na kimiyya ci gaba da aiwatar.

Domin bincike da wuraren "kusa" sarari amfani da kumbon sama jannati da kuma interplanetary bincike. Man tukuna ba hanya zuwa inji a cikin kai tsaye nazarin halittu, kamar yadda wannan wuri ne mai hadarin gaske.

A binciken da abubuwa "dogon" sarari dai zai yiwu ne kawai a ka'idar.

Anthropological amfani da airless sarari

Injin - da sarari, da cikakken free daga duk wani irin al'amari, ciki har da daga iska, watau shi ne kuma injin ... A nauyi da haske masana'antu, magani, yi amfani da yadu injin na'urorin. A rayuwar yau da kullum, shi ne wani sananne injin tsabtace gida. Samun cikakken wõfintattu ne wuce yarda da wuya, da kuma masana kimiyya ne a kan hanyar zuwa wannan burin. A hakika high injin wanzu ne kawai a sarari.

Stratosphere - wani manufa wuri domin soja matuka. Bawo haka high bai tashi, da kuma wake ko bincike tashi inji ne kusan invulnerable to iska tsaro. A cikin "na biyu bene" na yanayi ƙaddamar unmanned balloons, wanda taimaka yanayin sararin samaniya hango ko hasashen yanayin kamar yadda suka fade su.

Airless sarari kira da sarari da ake amfani da kaddamar da tauraron dan adam, wanda samar da links to da duniya, taimaka a cikin search for albarkatun ma'adinai, ba kintace kashedi game da hadari, cyclones da hadari taimake su hana fari da ambaliyar ruwa.

A binciken da na sarari ya matuƙa, canza wasu wakilan masana kimiyya a kan al'amarin.

Bugu da kari, nazarin sarari motsa da iyaka adam son sani, da marmarin "duba fitar da taga," sanin m.