Kamar yadda India, ya shirya da gudanarwa a lokacin da Birtaniya mulkin mallaka?

A tarihin Indiya yana cike da lokaci na ƙi da kuma wadata. Wannan ban mamaki kasa cewa ya yi girma arziki ta hanyar yin amfani da da na halitta taskõkin, sa'an nan da sauri fada cikin talauci, ya samu kansa a karkashin biyar a jere nasara. Wadannan sun hada da, da kuma Birtaniya, wanda ya yi mulki a can kwanan nan. A general, India - na musamman da hali (na farko a cikin zamani tarihin), a lokacin da jihar da aka gaba daya ya canza kama zuwa wani wajen babban size na mallaka.

Abin da ma ya fi ban sha'awa, Birtaniya gudanar ya kama Indiya ne mun gwada da sauki, sun fi mayar da amfani da saba wa juna da kuma cin hanci da rashawa a cikin gida nobility. A karshe, sun mamaye ƙasar, a 1849, lokacin da ya lashe Sikhs a Punjab. Amma India, ya shirya da gudanarwa? Lalle ne, kwarewa a tafiyad da irin wannan babbar mazauna bai kasance wani!

Farkon halittar da wani administrative naúrar

Ya mallaki India fara mayar Gabas India Company. Kawai sa, da nasara a kan Sikhs ya fi wani aiki na m, tun da kasar ta zama mallaka tun kafin wadannan al'amura. A farko Gwamna-Janar zama (1774-1785) W. Hastings, a protege na 'yan kasuwa.

Na dogon lokaci, sun yi mulki newfound mallaka a da hankali, da kuma birnin na irin arbitrariness perepadalo ba sosai. Duk abin canza bayan ya koyi show fitina haka Hastings, bayan da 'yan kasuwa sun zama tabbaci ga cire daga management.

Tun lokacin da aka shirya da gwamnatin Indiya jagorancin Gabas India Company, wanda ya da nisa daga burge ta wannan da ya faru, suka fara latsa, Magana game da bukatar amince da ragamar mulki a hannun Sarauniya da kuma majalisar dokokin kasar.

By 1813 da kamfanin yana da matsayi na kawai administrative iko cibiyar, wanda an yi shine domin kamar yadda dũkiya mai yawa, da kuma albarkatun aika zuwa Birtaniya.

A sakamakon zargin almubazzarancin

Kamar yadda India, ya shirya da gudanarwa a wannan lokaci? A general, kome ba musamman da aka nada da Gwamna-Janar, kazalika da lardin gwamnonin. Sun kasance alhakin tattara haraji, ga danniya da yunkuri. All administrative tsarin da aka "cajin" tare da sauran English mazauna. Amma sake shi ya cancanci maimai da cewa Indiya - kasar ne manyan da wuya sosai.

The English kusan manta ko ta caste, kuma da bambance-bambance tsakanin mutane da suke zaune a yankin, ba a ma maganar su addini fifiko. Results inept yan siyasa ba dauki dogon jira, bayyana kansa a cikin irin Sepoy tayarwa, wanda ya fara a watan Mayu 1857.

Shi ne, ba zato ba tsammani, ya faru a sake saboda watsi da Turanci da bangaskiya, da kuma al'adun su ci nasara batutuwa: shi m sa ran wani abu daban-daban bayan gabatarwar kunshe-kunshe ga harsashi impregnated tare da naman sa kitsen. Kuma shi ne a Indiya, inda saniya - zaman Allah cikin jiki a duniya!

Disbanding da ciniki kamfanin

Bayan tsanani danniya na tawaye Sepoys (akwai wani daidai hoton a Vereshchagin) kasance da za a same shi da laifi. More daidai, da "scapegoat." Kamar wancan ne m ya Gabas India Company, wanda aka wargaza nan da nan. Wannan ya faru a 1858.

A wannan lokacin, Indiya ne a hukumance a al'ada hakkokin dan kasa, ya dauki bangare a Birtaniya Empire. Hakika, shi aka zayyana Empress Sarauniya Victoria a lokacin mulki a kan kursiyin. Gwamna-Janar na post da aka soke, amma akwai da Halĩfa na India. A bayani na gaggawa da matsaloli a cikin management na mallaka (har yanzu Indiya shi ya kasance) da aka neme su da sabuwar halitta line ma'aikata a majalisar dokokin kasar. har yanzu da yawa muhimmanci da sake fasalin da aka aiwatar.

soja garambawul

Kamar yadda iya sa ran, sipayskie shelves aka gaba daya watse. Abu mai muhimmanci da karuwar adadin da Turanci da kansu a cikin sojojin, suna yadu fara yin amfani da sojojin haya daga cikin mabiya addinan Sikh da Gurkhas. Saboda haka, British Indiya yana a ta zubar da wani iko da karfi da zai iya "mirgine fitar da" wani rashin biyan bukata kafin shi za a ci gaba a cikin wani sabon yunkuri.

sauran canje-canje

Sarauniyar alkawarin mutunta gaba da kinship cikin gida shugabanni, yarda ba to impede da mayẽwa a kan karaga. Birtaniya karshe fara la'akari da mahanga da caste tsarin, nada da Hukumar dakatar siddan tãyar da kudin hayar ƙasar. Wannan yadda aka shirya da gwamnatin India a wancan zamani.

Amma duk da wannan ne kawai wani murfin: an yanke shawarar a 1835, don ilmantar da 'ya'ya maza na Indiya nobility a Ingila. Sai suka kasance a kan Indians na jini a cikin shawa juya a cikin harshen Turanci. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata biyu, muka fara aiki Calcutta, Bombay da Madras University, inda ya ƙirƙira wani sabon Elite. Fadin India ya steadily kara yawan daban-daban makarantu da kwalejoji, wanda aka koyar da harshen Turanci malami a cikin harshen Turanci da kyau.

Kuma shi ke ba a ma maganar gaskiya cewa da yawa zuriya musamman arziki iyalai masu ilimi a cikin wannan Oxford. Saboda haka a gaske Burtaniya a India fiye ko žasa da muhimmanci mukamai a gida gwamnatin samu kawai, irin mutanen da suka a duk sun kasance a yarjejeniyar da manufofin uwar kasar, kuma kada ka tsaya a kan bikin, idan ya cancanta, tare da su guda kabilar.