A tarihin ice cream. Wa? Ir? Ira ice cream?

Ice cream ne mai daskarewa samfurin sweetened, wanda aka kullum ci abinci a matsayin abun ciye-ciye, ko kayan zaki. Tambayar da suka qirqiro da ice cream ba sauki. Its samar da tsari ya wuce wani gagarumin ci gaba. A zamanin yau, an yawanci sanya daga kiwo kayayyakin - madara ko cream - a hade tare da 'ya'yan ko wasu kayan zaki sinadaran. Yawanci, ta zamani, cream sweetened da sucrose, masara syrup, kara sugar, gwoza sugar ko wasu sweeteners kamar. Yau, daban-daban flavorings da kuma dyes an yi amfani da ban da cakosoban.

A cakuda da aka zuga, ƙara da shi zuwa ga iska sarari, da kuma sanyaya kasa da sanyinsu na ruwa zuwa hana samuwar kankara lu'ulu'u ne. Wannan ne classic definition, amma idan ta ya kasance kullum?

Mene ne wannan?

Fahimtar da Kalmar "ice cream" na iya zama daban-daban a cikin kasashe daban-daban. Yankin jumloli kamar "daskararre yogurt", "gelato", "sorbet", "daskararre custard" da sauran ake amfani da su nuna a fakaice da daban-daban iri da kuma dadin dandano. A wasu ƙasashe, da definition "ice cream" kawai ya shafi wani irin samfurin, kazalika da yawan asali sinadaran. Jita-jita cewa ba hadu da sharudda, kira a matsayin "daskararre kayan zaki", da sauransu. D.

Yau, kusan dukkan kasashen iya samun wani delicacy sanya na zabi zuwa saniya ta madara. Saboda haka, sanya shi daga tumaki da ko akuya ta madara, ko ƙara da kayan lambu musanya (misali, soya ko tofu).

Ice cream za a iya bauta a cikin kankara-cream bowls domin cin abinci da cokali ko a cikin wani kofin da ƙahoni lasawa. Yana za a iya bauta tare da sauran desserts kamar apple kek. Amfani da shi don dafa wasu jita-jita, ciki har da milkshakes.

A labarin na Goodies

Suka qirqiro na farko ice cream? Back a cikin 5th karni BC, da tsoho Helenawa ci snow gauraye da zuma da kuma 'ya'yan itace. Wannan delicacy sayar a kan kasuwanni na Athens. Duk aka sani Hippocrates ya shawarci marasa lafiya ci kankara, la'akari da shi wajen rayar da m sojojin.

A 4th karni BC, Aleksandra Makedonskogo fi so bi da ya snow gauraye da zuma da kuma kafura.

Daskararre shinkafa madara cakuda da kuma amfani game da 200 BC. e. a kasar Sin. The Sin sun zuba a cakuda snow kuma saltpetre kan wani jirgin ruwa cike da syrup. Wannan fasahar lowers da sanyinsu kasa sifili. Saboda haka da wuya a ce a abin da karni ƙirƙira ice cream.

Wasu ƙasashe sun yi kama da jita-jita. A 400 BC. e. Farisa ma ƙirƙira musamman chilled abinci, Ya sanya daga fure ruwa da kuma noodles, wanda aka yi aiki a kan kankara a lokacin bazara. Ice aka gauraye da Saffron, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kazalika da daban-daban da sauran kara dadin dandano.

Roman Sarkin sarakuna Nero (37-68 AD. E.) Tare da kankara da kaina tsĩrar da zafi da kuma gauraye da 'ya'yan dadin dandano ya halicci chilled kafe. Hakika, ba za mu iya cewa, shi da farko ya zo sama tare da ice cream, amma wannan girke-girke - mafi kusa samfur na zamani sorbet.

Middle Ages

A cikin karni na sha shida Mongol sarakuna amfani azumi mahaya kawo kankara daga Hindu Kush to Delhi domin amfani da shi a cikin 'ya'yan desserts. Kamar haka, ya amsa tambaya, ka zo da wani ice cream, yana da wuya a kowace ƙasa. Amma wannan delicacy aka sauri yaba da ci gaba da fitowa.

Italian Duchess Ekaterine Medichi aka yaba da gabatar da ice cream zuwa Turai, a 16th karni. Kamar yadda tarihi labari a lokacin da Medici aka aure su da Duke Orleans a 1533 shekara, ta ya kawo tare Faransa da dama Italian ke dafa wanda amfani da girke-girke na flavored kankara ko sorbet. Tambayar da inda ta fito da wani ice cream ga wannan girke-girke, da kuma ba a bayyana. Amma da kayan zaki da aka samu sosai.

A karni daga baya, Charles I (King of England) ya burge ta kankara kayan zaki da suke miƙa hadaya da dafa a rayuwa fensho a matsayin sabis da adana ice cream girke-girke a asirce zuwa ga wannan kayan zaki ne kawai da sarauta prerogative. Duk da haka, akwai wani tarihi shaida, don tallafa wa wadannan Legends, wadda da farko ta bayyana a cikin karni na 19th.

Wa? Ir? Ira ice cream girke-girke na taro?

A farko girke-girke flavored kankara a Faransa ya bayyana a 1674 a babban tarin. Cooking Tips sorbets aka kuma buga a 1694 a dama English kafofin, sa'an nan akai-akai Aka sake buga shi. Da farko a kan wadannan shawarwari zai iya yin tasa da wani m dandano, tare da manyan chunks na kankara. Daga bisani, chefs sun bayar da hujjar cewa real ice cream ya kamata a yi bakin ciki daidaito na sukari da kuma finely marmashe kankara.

Fadada a shahararsa

A Rum kasashe, da ice cream an sanya samuwa don duk jama'a da 2nd rabin karni na sha takwas. Matuqar wahala qwarai ya m da tartsatsi da tsakiyar karni na sha tara a Ingila, inda a 1851 mai hijira daga Switzerland Carlo Gatti bude farko shagon a Charing Cross, sanye take da wani sanyaya yi nuni musu sunãyen, da mai shi. Wannan fasaha ya kasance mai nasara, kuma nan da nan šaukuwa glaciers fara bayyana a ko'ina.

Magana ne game wanda ya? Ir? Ira da ice cream, kada mu manta game da irin wannan adadi a matsayin Agnes Marshall, wanda aka dauke da "Queen of desserts" a Ingila. Ta aka rayayye popularized girke-girke Goodies, kuma ya sanya shi gaye amfani tsakanin tsakiyar aji-mutane. Yana da aka rubuta hudu littattafai game da ice cream, da kuma ta a kai a kai ba jama'a laccoci a kan dafa abinci. Marshall ko da shawarar yin amfani da ruwa nitrogen shirya sosai chilled kayan zaki.

sabon nau'in

Monotonous daidaito ice cream da aka ƙirƙira a cikin 1870s kuma nan da nan ya zama mashahuri. An yi zaton cewa zo up a 1874 ya American shugaba Robert Green, amma a gaskiya ba su da wani wuya shaida wannan. Ka ce idan kuma inda aka ƙirƙira ice cream, ma, shi ne na musamman. An yi imani da cewa na farko da ya bayyana a cikin marigayi 19th karni a daya daga cikin Turanci kasashen. Around daidai wannan lokacin, da dama ke dafa da'awar cewa duniya na farko ya halicci 'ya'yan itace da Berry ice cream, amma babu wani daga cikin asali girke-girke da aka kiyaye. Kamar yadda labari, da 'ya'yan itace harkokin embodiments don amfani a matsayin kayan lambu samfurin.

Yunƙurin a shahararsa

Duk da cewa babu wanda ya iya amsa tambayar, a cikin abin da karni ƙirƙira da ice cream (ice cream, sorbet, gelato), rare a duniya mai daraja a Goodies fito a karo na biyu da rabi na karni na 20th bayan cheap refrigeration ya zama na kowa. Yana da aka a waɗannan shekaru da aka samu a real "albarku" a samar da ice cream dadin dandano da wani m iri-iri iri. Dillalai sau da yawa gasa a kan tushen da bambancin. To, akwai mutane da kasuwanci shafukan da cewa kware a kan wannan delicacy. A mafi sanannen iri na yau shi ne "Baskin Robbins", wanda ya shiga cikin kasuwar da 31 dandano, da kuma ba ya canza ta da hadisai. Kamfanin ta slogan - wani dandano ga kowace ranar watan. A halin yanzu, kamfanin alfahari da cewa shi ne ya halitta fiye da 1,000 iri.

m ice cream

A gagarumin ci gaban da aka da sabuwar dabara a cikin karni na 20th, taushi da ice cream, wanda aka hada da mafi iska. Bugu da kari, ta samar da fasaha shi ne irin abin da ta halin kaka suna rage muhimmanci. Kara ci gaba da na taushi ice cream samar ya kai ga zargin musamman inji, embossing taro a wafer mazugi. Yau, da wannan delicacy aka miƙa matsayin mai zaman kanta shopping sites, kazalika a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa na azumi abinci.