Tarihi - shi ... zama gine. Archeologists

Ambaton ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi ya fara a zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Alal misali, Plato gane da wannan kalma nazarin tsufa da Renaissance nufi da nazari na tarihi na kasar Girka da Roma. A waje kimiyya, da kalmar da ake dangantawa da Anthropology. A Rasha ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi - a kimiyya da cewa na nazari akan burbushin kayan suna hade da mutum aiki a zamanin da. Yana da karatunsa da kuma tono a lokacin musanyar taimakekkeniya da yawa kimiyya filayen, kuma yana da dama sassan tafiyad da lokuta daban-daban da kuma al'adu yankunan.

Zama tarihi - a multifaceted da kuma ban sha'awa aiki

Mutane koyi da al'adu da kuma rayuwa na zamanin d wayewar, tanadi m da na saura, wanda ake hankali tono a cikin ƙasa tsarin. Wannan aiki na bukatar babban kula da meticulous. Tun a kan lokaci da ya rage na baya zama mafi m da dilapidated.

Tarihi - wani mutumin da ya ke tsunduma a tono a cikin search na kafofin ga sabon bincike. Sau da yawa, wannan sana'a ne idan aka kwatanta da jami'in aikin. The aiki na archaeologists m, m da hankali, da kuma tunanin m tunani - ka sake da ruwan tekun Atlantika hoto, a tarihin duniya a baya.

Ayuba ya zama mashahuri ko a zamanin d Girka da Roma. Tuni a cikin wadanda sau da aka sani Stone, tagulla da ƙarfe zamanai, gudanar da yawa tono da kuma sun kasance fi tsoho gine-gine Monuments. A cikin Renaissance, babban burin da archaeologists ya - a sami tsoho sculptures. A matsayin mai raba kimiyya, shi da aka kafa a farkon karni na 20th.

Abin da halaye kamata wani tarihi

Kana bukatar ilmi daga facts na da yawa tara da masana kimiyya a zaba filin domin su ayyuka. Wannan na iya zama Neolithic ko paleolith, da tagulla, da baƙin ƙarfe farkon Scythian lokaci tsufa iya zama Slavic-Russian ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, da dai sauransu Jerin ne ba da cikakken, kuma shi za a iya kara. Tarihi - a sana'a ne ban sha'awa, amma na bukatar erudition da kuma masana kimiyya da ikon kwatanta daban-daban kafofin.

Irin wannan mutum dole ne wani ra'ayi da kuma iya kare, jayayya dangane da dabaru maimakon tausaya. Yana iya zama da wuya, amma kana bukatar ka daina su shiriritar, idan akwai facts cewa shanyewa su. archaeologists aikin na bukatar muhimmanci halaye - shi ne hakuri, himma, punctuality. Suna da tsananin zama dole a lokacin rami.

Muna bukatar mai kyau halin iya jurewa da kuma motsa jiki da jini, a matsayin aikin archaeologists ne mafi sau da yawa hade da tono faruwa a daban-daban yanayin damina. Plus babu alerji zuwa kwayoyin kayan. Tarihi - mutum wanda yana zuwa a adalci, a kwantar da hankula, iya aiki a wata tawagar.

ilimi ake bukata

Ma'aikata ya kamata su iya zana, fenti, m. San kayan yau da kullum na ba kawai da sabuntawa, amma kuma adana daga karfe, dutse, lãka da kwayoyin kayan (fata, kashi, itace, masana'anta, da dai sauransu). Tabbata ga bukatar wani m ilimi na Anthropology, harsuna, ethnography, geodesy, topography, binciken kasa da paleozoology. Wadanda archaeologists suka yi nazarin tarihin tsufa, dole ne saba da tarihi da kuma karin tarbiyya (matani, numismatics, palaeography, sphragistics, heraldry kuma mafi).

Archaeologists-filin ma'aikata ya zama tattalin arziki, da kyau shirya, malamai da kuma masana ilimin tunani na. Amma mafi muhimmanci - su ya kamata su iya "ga ƙasar," karanta ta yadudduka da interlayer kuma daidai kwatanta sakamako na tsufa.

sana'a cututtuka

Mutane archaeologists da su cuta, wadda samun a cikin expeditions. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne gastritis ko na ciki miki, wanda shi ne kai tsaye dogara a kan ingancin abinci, a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada yanayi domin dafa a can. rheumatism da sciatica ne ma da na kowa, kamar yadda shi ne sau da yawa da archaeologists yi rayuwa a cikin alfarwansu karkashin daban-daban yanayi. Saboda wannan, akwai daban-daban arthrosis da amosanin gabbai.

Mene ne aikin mai tarihi?

Me yi da archaeologists? Ba wai kawai a duniya tono, amma kuma mutum mozaicheskimi, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa cewa bukatar zabi da hakkin kuma a hankali ninka a cikin daya. Yana yakan faru ne cewa a cikin amsar da asiri na baya daukan shekaru masu yawa. Amma karshe sakamakon shi ne shi daraja. Tun da shi ne kamar haka yiwu ka sake a baya cewa alama da za a har abada a ɓõye, a cikin hanjinsu na duniya.

Me yi da archaeologists? Da suka yi nazarin samo, bincika su, daga baya kuma complemented daban-daban aka riga aka sani facts. Nazarin hada da ba wai kawai cikin rami amma kuma wani ɓangare na tebur inda aikin faruwa kai tsaye tare da kayayyakin gargajiya da kuma takardun. Masana kimiyya iya aiki ba kawai a kan ƙasar amma kuma karkashin ruwa.

Mafi shahara archaeologists

Genrih Shliman - wani Bajamushe masanin kimiyya ya gano Troy. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin na farko archaeologists majagaba wanda ya fara karatu tsufa. Ya aka haife 06.01.1822 shekara. A wani horoscope - Capricorn. Reins tono a Syria, Misira, Palestine, Girka da Turkiya. Kusan rabin ransa, Henry aka ƙoƙarin nuna wa tarihi muhimmancin da Homeric epics. Ya yi kokarin tabbatar da cewa duk abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana a cikin waqe - ba wani kirkirarren labari amma gaskiya.

Norwegian Anthropology Thor Heyerdahl aka haife shi a shekara ta 1914, a ranar 6 ga watan Oktoba. Ya rubuta littattafai masu yawa. Ya expeditions kasance ko da yaushe mai haske, cike da jaruntaka events. Mutane da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa ya sa jayayya tsakanin masana kimiyya, amma shi ya kasance godiya ga Tura sha'awa a cikin tsohon tarihin da mutanen duniya da aka yawa karu.

Akwai sanannun archaeologists da kuma Rasha. Wannan ya hada da Boris Piotrovsky, ya aka haife shi a 1908. Zodiac ãyã - Aquarius. Yana da wani sanannun Rasha tarihi-orientalist kuma Academician. Ya bincika yawa Monuments na Arewa Caucasus, Transcaucasia da kuma Asiya ta tsakiya. Tuni a shekarar 1949 aka nada mataimakin darektan for Science na hermitage.

fice binciken

Masana kimiyya, archaeologists sun gano 10 daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Finds na duniya, wanda aka samu a lokacin tono:

• Rosetta Stone, ya gano a kusa da kauyen na Rashid. Yana wakiltar granodiorite (rock) tare da rubutu Talomi V (Masar sarki). The rubutu da aka yi a Masar hieroglyphics, Greek kuma Demotic.
• Venera Milosskaya - sanannen mutum-mutumi na zamanin d Girka. Late Hellenistic lokaci. Greek baƙauye same shi a 1820 a tsibirin Milos. Amma da mutum-mutumi da hannãyen su gane da kuma kasa.
• Angkor Wat (haikali birni) - shi ne wani fitaccen abin tunawa na addinin Buddha a Cambodia. Yana da wani ɓangare na wani hadadden na Ibada. Yana da aka bude da Faransa matafiyi Anri Muo a 1861. The sunan birnin da aka daga baya ya kira dukan zamanin.
• Troy, Ilion - mafi tsufa birnin a kan sashin kusa da Dardanelles. Troy zama sosai shahara ga waka. A tono saukar 46 al'adu yadudduka, rabu zuwa dama lokaci daga baya.
• Mycenae - tsoho gari a kudancin kasar Girka, Argolida. An dauke da most cibiyar na Aegean al'adu. A lokacin da tono da yawa kaburburan da aka samu, wanda suka taskõkin - takuba, zobba, zinariya da azurfa abubuwa, masks, faranti da fayafai da coining.
• Minoan wayewa aka gano Arturom Evansom - English tarihi. A cikin rami na fada da kuma birnin gine-gine, makabartun da aka samu. Daya daga cikin mafi yawan sanannun Finds - dutse Disc da inscriptions a wani unknown harshen malamin.
• Machu Picchu - Inca sansanin soja birnin da Haikali. Na iske shi American masanin Hayram Bingem. Wadannan picturesque kango - daya daga cikin mafi kyau misalai na dutse yi posleinkskogo. Monument kiyaye 200 daban-daban gabatarwa da kuma gine-gine, a ɗakin da na zama Tsarin, tsaron gida Tsarin.
• Tutankhamun kabarin a Luxor gano by Birtaniya tarihi Howard shirya. Kabarin kanta ne mai babbar taska, mummy binne shi a uku makarar, wanda aka nested cikin juna.
• Birch haushi - tõno kuma embossed a kan Birch haushi. A karo na farko da aka samu sun a Novgorod. Kuma riga a 2012 akwai fiye da dubu.
• Siberian Ice Yankan - haihuwa mummy samu a Scythian binne mounds a Altai, a kan iyakar kasar da Mongolia. Its shekaru - fiye da 2500 da shekaru.

unexplained binciken

Menene archaeologists daga talakawa? Akwai da dama daga excavated kayayyakin gargajiya da bayyana Azancin ba zai yiwu ba. Firgita da kimiyya al'umma Acambaro Figures. Farko da na samu a Mexico Jamus Waldemar Julsrud. A Figures zai ze da tsoho asalin, amma shi ya sa da yawa daga shakka tsakanin masana kimiyya.

Duwatsu Asabarin - amo mara sa na tsoho wayewa. Daruruwan dutse woje samu a kasa daga cikin kogon, wanda aka kwarzana da tarihi na kumbon sama jannati. Suka gudu kafa, wanda ragowar da aka samu a cikin wani kogo.

m Finds

A ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi, akwai kuma wasu kyawawan m samu. Alal misali, sauti da mummy. Daya daga cikin wadannan da aka mamaye ƙafa da hannu, amma ya tsaya kururuwa a kan fuskarsa. Akwai sun kasance shawarwari da aka kuwa binne ta da rai, azaba, guba. Amma karatu sun nuna cewa a talauci bandaged muƙamuƙi ko bai yi haka a duk, don haka da mummy ta bakin ya bude.

Archeologists sun samu babbar fika da ba a sani ba dodanni. Kuma sami wani kwanyar da kuma baki babbar kawai shawo masana kimiyya da cewa shi ne m isa, idan wata dodo hadu kowa a kan hanya. Amma daga baya ya juya daga cewa shi ne kakaninmu na Moa tsuntsu. Su girma wuce mutum factor 2-3. An ce, shi ne wata ila cewa wannan tsuntsu ya tsira zuwa yanzu, da kuma shi ne mai yiwuwa a yi kokarin samun yankunan a New Zealand. A mazauni ne na wannan kasa da yawa Legends alaka Moa.

Tools archaeologists

A rami ake amfani da yafi wannan irin kayan aiki: bayoneti, da manyan cokula da entrenching shebur, daban-daban masu girma dabam na zaba kuma hoes, lambu da manyan cokula, brooms, sledge guduma, guduma da goge daga daban-daban masu girma dabam. tarihi aiki zai iya zama quite wuya, musamman a lokacin da ka yi tono up manyan mounds.

Lamari ne mai muhimmanci da daidai aiki a kan wani abu. Kuma da ikon zabi da ake so shi ne kayan aiki ma zama dole. Head da rami ba kawai kula da kiwon lafiya na archaeologists, amma kuma taimaka wajen amfani da dama goga da shebur.

Yadda za a zama wani kayan tarihi

Koyi yadda za ka iya cikakken lokaci da kuma ta rubutu. Tarihi - a sana'a da cewa za a iya sayansu da duk wanda ya ke yana da wani lankwasa ga tsoho da kuma tono. Don yin wannan, je kwaleji, wanda basu horo masana tarihi. Yana digiri a cikin wannan horo sannan za a tsunduma a cikin rami da kuma sauran kwatance. Tarihi - wannan shi ne wani tarihi. Duk da haka, sabanin karshen, shi ke hulda ba kawai tare da nazari na ka'idar, amma kuma tare da nasa bincike da kuma duba tsufa.

Hakkin tarihi

Rasha albashi a kan talakawan ne kamar dubu 15. Rubles. Amma daya kawai balaguro gine iya samun up to 30 dubu. Rubles. Hakkin cikin daban-daban birane za su iya bambanta. Alal misali, a birnin Moscow, shi jeri daga 20 zuwa 30 dubu rubles. A cikin yankuna, shi ne kiyasta at 5-7 dubu kasa.