Sashen yada Moss: fasali na tsari da kuma aiki, cututtuka, da abinci, haifuwa, janar halaye da kuma muhimmancin. Wakilai daga cikin Department of baza Moss

Sashen yada Moss ma kira gaskiya mosses da bryophytes. Duk wani nau'i na hada game da 700 danginsu, aka gyara, bi da bi, game da 120 iyalansu.

Sashen baza Moss iyali: general halaye

Wakilai daga cikin sashen - shi ne mafi yawa kananan shuke-shuke ba fiye da 50 mm a tsawon. The kawai ware ne ruwa mosses, wanda zai iya isa wani tsawon 50 cm kuma epiphytes, wanda suke ma ya fi tsayi.

Sashen tana nufin wani taxon mafi girma shuke-shuke. Moss iyali yana da game da 25 dubu jinsunan.

Tun da farko wannan sashen sai mosses, absented ma marchantiophyta antotserotovye da mosses. Duk da haka, a wannan lokacin, wadannan halittun raba sashen. Sau da yawa, magana game da wani sa na halayen wadannan uku sassan, sun koma ga yin amfani da na yau da kullum na gama lokaci bryophytes (Bryophytes).

Tsire-tsire Department, kazalika da sauran wakilan da bryophytes, sun wasu halaye hade da rai sake zagayowar: da predominance na haploid gametophyte na wani diploid sporophyte.

labarin

Halaye sashen baza Moss ya tabbatar da cewa mosses, kazalika da sauran spore, a juyin sharuddan zo daga psilophytes (Rhyniophyta), wanda ne daɗaɗɗe dadaddun terrestrial shuke-shuke. Sporophyte na mosses ne dauke da karshen sakamakon aiwatar da rage kakanninmu branched sporophytes.

Amma akwai wani bane wanda ya nuna cewa mosses da lycopsids da Rhyniophyta samo asali daga wani ko mafi tsoho rukuni na shuke-shuke. A farkon bincike akan burbushin halitta Finds nema daga marigayi Devonian - farkon Carboniferous.

nazarin halittu description

Moss iyali shi ne halin da cewa ta wakilan ba su da furanni, Tushen, jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin. Suna halin spores haifuwa, ripening a sporangia sporophyte.

M, a haploid gametophyte rai sake zagayowar ne a perennial kore shuka, sau da yawa da ciwon leaf-gefen protuberances, kuma protuberances kornepodobnye (rhizoids). Idan aka kwatanta da sauran kungiyoyin na mafi girma shuke-shuke, wakilan da Moss iyali da sauki tsarin. Daga cikin mafi jinsunan da cewa suna da wani tushe da kuma ganye, akwai 'yan tsiraru wanda yana fronds da thallus.

Amma da ganye da kuma mai tushe na mosses ba real, a kan su kimiyya da harshen kira kaulidii da Phyllis. Phyllida beschereshkovye, located a kan tushe a wani karkace. Bã su da wani dukan farantin. Jijiya ba a dukkan lokuta

Sporophyte da wani ikon dauka tushen, kuma shi ne dama a kan gametophyte. Sporophyte aka wakilta uku aka gyara: kwantena (sporangium), tare da bunkasa spores a cikinsa. kafa (sporophores) a kan abin da akwatin. dakatar da samar da physiological hulda da gametophyte.

A mosses akwai wani yawan halaye da cewa bambanta su daga duk mafi girma shuke-shuke. Wannan rashin tushen, wanda aka cika ta da kasancewar wani babban yawan rhizoids. Tare da su taimako, da shuka da aka haɗe zuwa substrate da kuma samar da wani m sha na danshi. Amma, da ruwa sha tsari ne da za'ayi a cikin ƙananan ɓangare na shuka.

Akwai assimilation, conductive, ajewa da sutura masana'anta. Amma mossy ba real jijiyoyin bugun gini da kuma inji kyallen takarda, alhãli kuwa duk mafi girma shuke-shuke a can.

A fannin rarraba

Saboda da unpretentiousness mosses yada a kan dukkan nahiyoyi, ko da Antarctica, kuma sau da yawa girma a cikin matsananci muhalli da yanayi.

Yawancin lokaci, mosses girma m clumps. Shaded wuri, sau da yawa a kusa da kusanci zuwa tafki, shi ne yanayin da ya dace ga gansakuka. Amma zai iya girma a bude da kuma bushe yankunan.

Moss iyali ya hada da irin jinsin da rayuwa a cikin ruwa tare tafkunan. Amma marine rai ba ya tare da su, ko da yake akwai da dama iri suka kwana a kan kankara a bakin teku tsiri.

Sashen baza Moss: darajar

A cikin daji:

• ne jam'iyyun don ƙirƙirar musamman biocenosis, musamman inda ƙasa da aka rufe kusan gaba daya (tundra).
• gansakuka cover accumulates da kuma riko da rediyoaktif abu.
• ikon sha da kuma riƙe yawa danshi haddasawa da hannu a cikin tsari na ruwa balance na shimfidar.

Cikin ayyukan da mutane:

• taimakawa wajen eutrophication na gona, don haka ƙananan yadda ya dace da aikin noma, ƙasar ba,
• translation tsari aka yi uniform dake kwarara ruwa a cikin karkashin kasa, abin da na tsare da ƙasa da lalata.
• wasu jinsunan sphagnum gansakuka da ake amfani a magani kamar yadda dressings.
• Sphagnum mosses su ne tushen peat samuwar.

rarrabuwa

Ãyõyin sashen yada Moss, duk da generality, duk da haka ba mu damar rarraba wakilan sashen ga 'yan a ware kungiyoyin.

The most rukuni na shuke-shuke na da sashen - wani aji na real (mosses leafy). Yana hada da subclasses na kore sphagnum gansakuka da kuma Andreeva.

Bryophyta

Wuraren kiwon for mosses ne gona, bishiya, kankara da kuma rassanta, amma girma mafi kyau a cikin m gandun daji, wanda ya samar da wani ci gaba da magana.

Wadannan shuke-shuke kunshe a cikin Moss iyali, suna fairly yawa. A mafi hankula wakilin iya kiran Kukushkin flax. Mai tushe aka kafa shi ba branched, densely rufe su kunkuntar mikakke-lanceolate ganye. Formation da archegonium antheridium sanya fi na mai tushe mutane yawanci girma a nan kusa. A antheridia aka kafa dvuhzhgutikovyh ma'ana a archegonia - daya gyarawa kwai.

A cikin mahallin da manyan adadin ruwa (ruwan sama ko raɓa su zubo mai nauyi) yana farawa hadi. Ruwa ake bukata a matsayin maniyyi da iyo ta hanyar shi archegonium. Lokacin da zygote ya kafa, daga ta farko wajen samar da sporophyte. Yana a kanta ne ba mai yiwuwa, kazalika da dukan tsire-tsire na ga Moss iyali. Ikon sporophyte a kudi na mace gametophyte.

Kwantena sporogony qunshi sporangium. Akwai samuwar haploid spores. Lokacin da balagagge, da spores samun isasshen barci. Su shimfidawa wind. Idan yanayi ne m, da spores germinate da kuma bayar da Yunƙurin protonema ciwon branched nau'i na kore filaments.

sphagnum mosses

Sphagnum mosses (350 jinsunan) ne wani rukuni na shuke-shuke da yin sama da aji na real gansakuka, Moss iyali. Janar halaye da kuma muhimmancin wadannan mosses ne mai yawan fasali. Sphagnum - wannan ne kawai tseren wannan subclass.

Suna halin babu rhizoids, saboda wanda ya kwarara daga ruwa tare da narkar da ma'adanai na faruwa kai tsaye zuwa cikin sel da ganye da kuma mai tushe. A kan tushe na gametophyte ne whorls na rassan, wanda, bi da bi, ana shirya ganye. Su dokoki ne wani kanti dake a saman babban axis.

A ganyen sphagnum gansakuka ba midrib. A cikin wadannan iri biyu Kwayoyin: live - dacewa (tsawo da kuma kunkuntar, tare da chloroplast) da matattu (ba tare da protoplasm, m a kan garun da pores). Nau'i na biyu na cell wanzu a kara. Irin wannan ilimin Halittar Jiki tsarin da kara da kuma leaf sphagnum damar da shi zuwa sha da kuma rike wani adadin na ruwa da nauyi iya wuce da nauyin da shuka sau 30. Shi ne saboda wannan, kasar gona da girma sphagnum mosses aka hankali fuskantar wuce haddi ruwa da kuma fadama.

Saboda haka bambancin ne Moss iyali. Sake bugun ne na hali sphagnum gansakuka, tare da kawai bambancin daga sauran 'yan sashen, kuma cewa antheridia archegonium za a iya kafa ba kawai a kan m musamman, amma a kan wannan shuka.

Feature sphagnum gansakuka ne a akai ginawa-up na kara tip da withering bãya daga cikin kasa. Amma ba na matattu rot gaba daya, saboda Scotland ƙasa ƙunshi kadan oxygen, wanda yana da muhimmanci ga ci gaban da kasar gona microorganisms yin bazuwar na shuka sharan.

Bayan wani dogon lokaci tara mai yawa Organic abubuwa a cikin nau'i na peat. peat samuwar - da tsari ne sosai m: game da 1 cm a cikin shekaru 10 zuwa 1 m - na shekara dubu.

Andreeva mosses

Green kuma sphagnum mosses - mafi yawa kungiyar na yawan jinsunan shuke-shuke da yin sama da Moss iyali. Janar halaye da kuma muhimmancin da sauran kungiyar, duk da ta kananan lambobi, da damar ware shi a raba taxonomic naúrar. Subclass Andreeva mosses wakilta daya iyali da kuma daya irin Andrea. A rarraba - matsakaiciya da sanyi yankuna na biyu hemispheres. Girma a cikin duwatsu yankunan kan kankara da kuma duwatsu.

Gametophyte fara ci gaba ko da a yi shawarwari. Da farko, Kwayoyin fara raba, sa'an nan karya da harsashi rigingimu. A single-Layer leaf kama Kwayoyin. A ganye girma dogon saman, kafa hygroscopic dankon. A tushe ne babu jijiyoyin bugun gini daure.

Sporogonia gabatar da wani akwatin da haustoria. Box yana da wani murfi. Lokacin da fatattaka daga spores cikin waje ta hanyar da rata 4 dake tsakanin bude yatsun.

Saboda haka, babban rukuni na sama spore shuke-shuke a yawan biyu kawai flowering - mai fadi da yaduwar Moss iyali. Features na tsarin da kuma aiki na wadannan wakilan mulkin na shuke-shuke da damar mu mu kira su halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, kamar yadda suka ayan su zauna a cikin ƙasa (mosses fãce cikin ruwa), da kuma iya ninka kawai a gaban ruwa.