Leafy mosses: wakilan, musamman tsarin da kuma shiri

Leafy mosses, wakilan, hotuna da kuma siffofin da tsarin da za a tattauna a wannan labarin, koma zuwa sama spore shuke-shuke. Wadannan tsoho kwayoyin taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cover na duniya tamu.

Leafy mosses: tsanaki bayanin irin kungiyar

Wadannan tsire-tsire ne mafi girma. Wadannan su ne na farko baƙi a ƙasar, don haka a cikin shakka daga cikin ci gaban da wannan sabon yanayi da suka sami sabon bayyanar cututtuka bayyana. Da farko, yana da leafy tsarin da kuma gaban inji da conductive kyallen takarda. Irin wannan fasali da taimako zuwa wani ya fi dacewa hanya na photosynthesis. Leafy mosses, wanda tsari ne da yawa wuya kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da algae da rhizoids maimakon asalinsu. Wannan hali ne "gaji" shi daga ƙananan tsire-tsire.

A bambancin da bryophytes

A peculiarities na m ɓangare na mosses tsarin za a iya raba kungiyoyin biyu: sloevischnye da leafy. A hankula wakilin farko na wadannan ne Marchantia polymorpha. Wannan inji ya branched thallus dichotomous duhu koren launi da brood kwanduna. Leafy mosses ne fiye da na kowa a cikin yanayi. Su misali ne Kukushkin flax, wadda kuma ake kira politrila talakawa. All sphagnum (fari) mosses ma sun branched mafaka.

Mene ne rayuwa sake zagayowar

Leafy mosses - Bishiyoyi masu dogon kwana. A cikin shakka daga rayukansu akwai wani sarari canzawar zamaninsu. Wannan shi ne jigon da rai sake zagayowar. Duka da al'ummomi ba kawai halaye na waje tsarin, amma kuma wata hanya ce ta haifuwa. Wannan halayyar alama na rayuwa domin duk mambobi ne na sama spore shuke-shuke. Kuma a ferns, horsetails da gansakuka a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar mamaye da sporophyte, kuma a mossy - jima'i tsara.

gametophyte

Leafy mosses, wakilan da aka nuna a cikin photo, mun kasance muna ganin yadda a ci gaba da kore kafet. Wannan ne jima'i tsara shuke-shuke. Idan muka dubi shi more a hankali, za ka iya ganin cewa shi kunshi wani kananan kara da kananan sessile bar mikakke irin. Kamar dukan mosses, suka hašawa da su zuwa ga substrate rhizoids. A harbe gansakuka kafa gametangia a wadda jam sel suna kafa. A gaban ruwa su ci, forming da asexual ƙarni na gansakuka - sporophyte.

sporophyte

Asexual tsara kore gansakuka girma a kan gametophyte. Yana yana bayyanar lafiya kafa, inda wani akwatin aka located. Ciki shi tasowa spores - sel sake yiwuwar tohowarsu. Lokacin da akwatin da aka bude, suka fada a cikin ƙasa, germinate da kuma sake samar da wata gametophyte, wanda shi ne prevalent a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar na mossy shuke-shuke. Bugu da ari jima'i tsara ya haifar da wani zygote, wanda aka raba da meiosis da kuma siffar spores. Kuma kamar haka ne, da rai sake zagayowar aka yi sake. Sporophyte m na m ciyar, kamar yadda ba su dauke da chlorophyll a cikin kwayoyin jikinsu. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne a haɗe zuwa leafy gametophyte, kudi na wanda aka powered. wadannan al'ummomi bambanta a chromosome sa. A diploid sporophyte shi. Amma jima'i tsara yana da guda tari, kamar yadda jam sel a lokacin da samuwar da zygote hadin wasika.

Leafy mosses: mazauninsu

Mosses ko da yaushe rayuwa a damp wurare. Wannan shi ne wani hatsari. Gaskiyar cewa aiwatar da gamete fe daga wadannan shuke-shuke faruwa ne kawai da taimakon ruwa. Dazuzzukan kurmi, duwãtsu, kogwanni, swamps, bishiya, rassanta, damp basements da lebur, duhunta ganuwar gidaje ... Mosses sun ƙware dukkan wadannan wuraren. Wadannan shuke-shuke suna daidai sha da kuma riƙe ruwa. Saboda haka, su bayyanar a irin wannan yanayi ya nuna waterlogging ƙasa. Yada Moss sosai m amsa kiran rage adadin danshi. A ta rashi da suka iya bushe yayin da rike viability. Lokacin da zafi ne na al'ada, da suka sha shi duka kuɓuta, kuma a sake komawa ga al'ada rai. Saboda wannan ikon leafy mosses ne mafi daidaita zuwa canza muhalli da yanayi. Su tartsatsi da taimaka wa gaskiya cewa ba su ci da dabbobi, ba ya lalata kwayoyin da fungi. Wannan shi ne saboda da ruwa da suka sha mai guba da kuma rediyoaktif abubuwa.

Ma'ana mosses

Listostebelnye mosses da farko sphagnum, na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar waterlogging kuma peat, wanda shi ne mai muhimmanci da man fetur ma'adanai, taki albarkatun kasa domin barasa samarwa, robobi, acetic acid, naphthalene, kazalika da insulating kayan. Kan aiwatar da samuwar abu na a isasshe tsawon lokacin kiranka na 1 cm na peat kafa kamar yadda shekaru 10. Mamaye danshi, leafy mosses ne gwamnoni da ruwa balance na kasar gona, kare shi daga yashewa. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda baza da yaduwa na mosses worsens ta gas musayar. A sakamakon haka, da tsire-tsire ba sa oxygen, ya mutu, su lalata aiwatar fara.

Saboda haka, leafy mosses - mafi yawa wakilan sashen, wanda aka fi saba da canje-canje a cikin muhalli da yanayi. Sun iya zuwa sha da danshi tsere a fadin surface, kiyayye shi na dogon lokaci. A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar daga wadannan shuke-shuke da aka mamaye da gametophyte. Yana tasowa asexual tsara, wanda ya mayar da ta hanyar spores.