Yanayi na Uranus: abun da ke ciki. Mene ne yanayi na Uranus?

Pictures dauka tare da "Voyager 2" tauraron dan adam ne har yanzu a cikin m 90s, ya nuna mana ban mamaki sakamakon. M greenish yanayi na Uranus - shi ne abin da ke sa har wannan duniyar tamu, amma ban da wani kankanin dutse-karfe core. Gaskiyar cewa kakanninmu suka kasance a gano da matsanancin taurari na hasken rana tsarin, sun natsu da cewa dukansu sun kasance ne, kamar Duniya, yana mai surface, iska murfin kuma ƙasa yadudduka. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, da gas Refayawa suna hana shi, tun suna wakilan biyu-Layer model na taurari.

Tarihi na samu da kuma janar data game da duniyar

A cikin sharuddan nesa daga Sun, Uranus ne na bakwai duniya. Yana da aka bude da Uilyam Gershel a cikin marigayi 18th karni, na farko don amfani mai kawo nesa kusa ga astronomical lura. Kafin wannan lokaci mai tsawo, masana kimiyya sun gaskata cewa Uranus ne kawai m ne sosai haske star. Herschel kansa, shan rubutu game da wannan wani sarari suKe jiki, da farko idan aka kwatanta shi da wani tauraro mai wutsiya, daga baya zan zo ga ƙarshe cewa wannan na iya samun wani SS duniya. Hakika, bayan ta tabbatar da duk lura samu wani abin mamaki. Duk da haka, a lokacin babu wanda ya san abin da yanayi na Uranus gaske ne da kuma abin da ya ke gina. Yanzu mun san cewa kewayar falakinsa - daya daga cikin mafi girma a cikin tsarin. Sun juya duniya Duniya for 84 shekaru. A wannan lokaci na juyin juya halin kusa ta axis ne dan kadan fiye da 17 hours. Saboda wannan yanayi na Uranus, wanda riga kunshi wani nauyi gas, shi ya zama mai wuce yarda da m kuma exerts gagarumin matsa lamba a kan core.

A tarihin da yanayi na ilimi

An yi imani da cewa bayyanar da jiki halaye na Uranus tasiri ne ta kwaya, kazalika da aiwatar da samuwarsa. Idan aka kwatanta da sigogi na duniya (25 559 km - Equatorial radius), da zuciyar mai dada. Saboda haka, shi ne, ba wani tushen samar da makamashi ko da wani Magnetic filin, kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da Jupiter, da kuma karfi da isasshen heats duk gas yin up yanayi Uranus. Its abun da ke ciki, bi da bi, ba za a iya kwatanta ta da abun da ke ciki na Jupiter ko Saturn, amma duk da wadannan taurari wani bangare ne na wata guda category. Gaskiyar cewa Uranus aka kewaye da kankara gas, da kankara a cikin mafi girman ta gyare-gyare, girgije methane da sauran nauyi abubuwa. Irin wannan haske gas kamar hydrogen da helium, suna ba a cikin yanayi ne kawai a kananan yawa. Akwai iri biyu na wannan paradox. A daidai da na farko ƙuduri da da gravitational sojojin na tsakiya a lokacin da kafa mofi sun ma kananan don jawo hankalin da haske gas. Na biyu shi ne cewa a wani wuri inda Uranus aka kafa, akwai kawai m sinadaran aka gyara, wanda ya zama kafuwar duniya.

A gaban da yanayi, abun da ke ciki

Uranium da aka farko karatu a daki-daki kawai bayan tafiya "Voyager 2", wanda sanya hotuna da hakan ƙuduri. Sunã halattar da masana kimiyya domin sanin ainihin tsarin da duniya da kuma ta yanayi. Abin da ya ce, iska harsashi na Uranus ne zuwa kashi uku sassa:

• A troposphere ne mafi zurfi. A matsa lamba a nan shi ne a cikin kewayon daga 100 zuwa 0.1 mashaya, da tsawo na wannan Layer ne kasa da 500 km daga al'ada matakin alkyabba.
• A stratosphere - yanayi Layer located a tsakiyar. Yana bautarka wani tsawo na 50 zuwa 4000 km.
• Exosphere. External Uranus yanayi, inda matsa lamba ke sifili, kuma a kalla iska zafin jiki ne low.

A duk wadannan yadudduka ne a daban-daban rabbai da wadannan gas: helium, hydrogen, methane, ammonia. Har ila yau, akwai ruwa a cikin nau'i na daban-daban gyare-gyare na kankara da tururi. Duk da haka, da yanayi na Uranus, da abun da ke ciki na wanda shi ne m tare da iska harsashi na Jupiter bambanta m sanyin cewa. Idan most gas giant iska talakawa mai tsanani to a kalla, to, suna da sanyaya saukar zuwa 50 digiri Kelvin, sabili da haka da mafi nauyi.

troposphere

A mafi zurfi Layer na yanayi ne yanzu kawai a rubuce tsara kamar yadda ya isa gare shi earthlings kayan aiki ba tukuna damar. Stone core na duniya da aka kewaye da girgije hada da kankara lu'ulu'u ne. Su ne nauyi da kuma exert babban matsin lamba a kan cibiyar na duniya. Wannan ne bi da girgijen ammonium hydrosulfide, sa'an nan - da samuwar iska daga hydrogen sulphide da ammonia. A outermost rabo daga troposphere dauki methane girgije cewa tint duniya a cikin wannan koren launi. A iska zafin jiki a cikin troposphere an dauki mafi girma a duniya. Yana daga jeri 200 K. Saboda wannan, wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa alkyabbar na duniya most kankara Layer siffofin. Amma wannan shi ne kawai a jarrabawa.

stratosphere

Availability Uranus yanayi samar mahadi daga nauyi da kuma haske gas, da kuma su kira duniya tabo greenish tint. Duk wadannan matakai dauki wuri a cikin tsakiyar iska rata, inda akwai kwayoyin da ammonia da methane a helium da hydrogen. Kankara lu'ulu'u sa'an nan dauki quite daban-daban gyara fiye da a cikin troposphere, su ne saboda ammonia, sha wani haske ya fito daga sarari. Iska gudun a cikin stratosphere har zuwa 100 m / s, don haka da cewa duk da girgije da sauri canza matsayin su a cikin sarari. A stratosphere faruwa auroras ne sau da yawa kafa hazo. Amma irin wannan hazo kamar dusar ƙanƙara, ko ruwan sama, da aka ba lura.

exosphere

Da farko, game da abin da yanayi na Uranus, aka yi hukunci a kan ta m harsashi. Wannan bakin ciki tsiri na ruwa na crystallization, wanda aka ya wajaba iskõki da karfi igiyoyin ne cibiyar da magangara mafi ƙasƙanci da zazzabi a cikin hasken rana tsarin. Ya ƙunshi wani haske gas (kwayoyin hydrogen da helium), da methane, wanda shi ne a wani babban adadin a cikin denser yadudduka ne mãsu fakowa ba. Iska gudun a cikin exosphere kai 200 m / s, da zazzabi da dama zuwa 49 C. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa duniyar tamu Uranus, wanda yanayi da kankara ya zama sanyi sosai a cikin tsarin mu, ko idan aka kwatanta da ta fi nisa da makwabta - Neptune.

Tatsuniya Magnetic filin Uranus

Sananne ne cewa kore Uranus spins a kan ta axis, kwance a kan ta gefe. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa a wannan lokacin na SS duniya da fuskantar wani asteroid ko wasu sarari jiki, wanda ya canja da wuri, ta haka ne dõmin karkatarwa da Magnetic filin. Away daga axis cewa ma'anar da arewa da kuma kudu na duniya dangi zuwa ekweita, Magnetic axis ne canja da 59 digiri. Wannan halitta, da fari, da m rarraba nauyi, kuma abu na biyu - da unequal tashin hankali a arewacin da kuma kudancin hemispheres. Duk da haka, mafi m, shi ne wannan m matsayin tabbatar da cewa Uranus ta yanayi da kuma ta musamman abun da ke ciki. Around da tsakiya suna gudanar kawai nauyi gas a tsakiyar yadudduka - daskarar ruwa. Zai yiwu idan zafin jiki ya fi nan, Uranus zai zama wani qaton teku hada da talakawa ruwa, wanda shi ne tushen rai.

Uranus garwaya da kome da kowa da kowa a kusa da

Kamar yadda muka ce a sama, da Uranian yanayi mai cike da babbar yawa methane. Wannan gas ne m isa, saboda shi ne iya mamaye infrared haskoki. Wannan shi ne, duk da haske da cewa ya zo daga Sun, sauran taurari da kuma taurari, Magana game da yanayi na Uranus, jũya a cikin wani greenish ya dafa. Kwanan nan, masana kimiyya sun lura cewa duniya ma ingests waje gas da aka samu a cikin bude sarari, tare da m cewa wani rauni Magnetic filin. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na tsakiya yadudduka da yanayi da kuma carbon dioxide da aka gano carbon monoxide gas. An yi imani da cewa su aka janyo hankalin duniya daga wani wucewa tauraro mai wutsiya.

Ice mulkin tsarin mu

The biyu outermost taurari SS - shi Uranus kuma Neptune. Dukansu halayyar bluish inuwõyinta suna kusa, duka biyu kafa daga gas. A yanayi na Uranus kuma Neptune - shi ne kusan guda, sai dai da al'amari rabo. A karfi na nauyi da taro na nuclei na biyu taurari ne kusan guda. Ƙananan yadudduka da yanayi Neptune kamar yadda Uranus suna kafa na daskarar ruwa, gauraye da methane da hydrogen sulfide. A nan, a kusa da zuciyar, kankara Refayawa an kona su fiye da 200 Kelvin, game da shi, ya kafa ta Magnetic filin. Yanayi Uranus kuma Neptune yana da guda yawan kwayoyin hydrogen a cikin abun da ke ciki - 80 bisa dari. A m iska Layer Neptune ma halin high iskõki, amma da yawan zafin jiki akwai dan kadan mafi girma - 60 K.

ƙarshe

A gaban Uranus 'yanayi, bisa manufa, na tabbatar da kasancewar wannan duniyar tamu. M harsashi ne babban bangaren na uranium. An karfi da warmed up kusa da tsakiya, amma matsakaicin sanyaya saukar zuwa matsananci yadudduka. Duk da yake duniya ne m saboda rashin oxygen da kuma ruwa a cikin ruwa form. Amma an kimanta ga masu bincike, idan core zafin jiki fara tashi, da kankara lu'ulu'u juya a cikin wani qaton teku, wanda zai iya samo asali sabon siffofin rayuwa.