A mafi ductile karfe - zinariya

Gold - shi ne mafi m karfe a tarihi, a al'adu, a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Domin mallaki su zub da waɗansu kõguna na jini, ya haskaka iyali jayayya, har ma da yaƙe-yaƙe da aka yi yãƙi. Da muhimmancin ga dukan wayewar dan adam dogara ne a kan ta musamman sinadaran da jiki Properties, a kan peculiarities na ciki tsarin.

Gold - shi ne mafi ductile karfe. Wannan ingancin sa shi m ko'ina daga kayan ado hali to microelectronics.

A mafi "ƙarfe" ƙarfe

A zinariya tattara duk mafi fili siffofin da cewa masana kimiyya kira karfe. Ga lantarki watsin, shi ne na biyu ne kawai zuwa azurfa, tagulla da kuma m palladium. Thermal watsin - wannan azurfa, tagulla da kuma cobalt. By da ikon zuwa sha zafin rana da makamashi ne na biyu ne kawai zuwa zinariya m bismuth, Mercury da azurfa gaba. Ga wasu "ƙarfe" Properties - malleability da haske gani - shi ne zakara. Gold - shi ne mafi ductile karfe a duniya, da ƙawarta - manufar almara.

A kwayoyin tsarin zinariya ne ma sosai "karfe". Yana da wani geometrically yau da kullum raga tare da m ions a cikin nodes da wani m girgijen maida hankali "e" da gas therebetween. Wannan bangare zarra dokoki free electrons, zubar a kan m makamashi matakin. Sun haifar da wani m karfi tsakanin raga nodes cewa samar da ikon deform da karfe tare da karya da sauran mutunci. Wannan shi ne hanya mafi ductile karfe.

Tabbatar da dalilin da plasticity

Daga cikin Greek Πλαστική ( "sculpting", "gyaren") ya zo da kalmar "roba", wanda ya ba da tushen zuwa wasu alaka da canji a cikin wani nau'i na m. Plasticity - m jihar dukiya don canja siffar da size da kuma riƙe saura nakasawa bayan ƙarshe na waje sojojin ba tare da canza ƙarar kuma Hutu.

Domin karafa, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci halaye da damar yin amfani da su a yi. Ba tare da ikon hašawa da workpieces sanya daga karfe da ake so siffar da shi ba zai yiwu ba domin har ma da sauki na yau da kullum abubuwa. Gold - mafi ductile karfe, da articles daga gare - misali ne na abin da siffar da za ka iya yi mai yarda da isasshen kayan ƙirƙirãwa, matsa lamba mirgina, mikewa, zane, da dai sauransu Baya gabar dukiya daga cikin abu ne gaggautsa ...

ductility gwajin

Halaye na karfe ductility yawanci tsare a karkashin canzawa gwaje-gwaje. A mafi muhimmanci shi ne da tensile gwajin. Don gano wanda yake da ductile karfe, dole ne a fuskanci irin wannan tasiri daidai size samfurori a karkashin irin wannan zafin jiki yanayi. nakasawa yawa wanda ya isa ya jā da karfe misali kafin katsewa, - wani haƙiƙa awo na ductility.

Na lamba magana da tensile gwajin sakamakon biyu manyan factor. Elongation - da yawan da ya karu tsawon na samfurin bayan da rata sa da nakasawa da asali. A mafi ductile karfe - zinariya - yana da kudi - 65%. Don kwatanta: baƙin ƙarfe - 40-50 na aluminum - 30-40.

Na biyu nuna alama na plasticity - zumunta takaita da gicciye-bangaranci samfurin. Gold yana da wani na farko sashe na samfurin ne 90% fiye da abin da ya kafin hutun. A aluminum, wannan adadi - 80% na jan karfe - 75%.

Soft, ductile da m

Bisa ga Mohs sikelin da taurin a zinariya rate - 2.5-3.7. A ta da tsarki form wannan ƙarfe shi ne da yawa softer yawa na kowa kayan da tõno da wuka ko farce. Saboda haka, don kauce wa m lalacewa zinariya articles, domin su masana'antu karfe kara ligature musamman reinforcing abubuwa, yawanci azurfa ko jan karfe. Akwai da zinariya da cutarwa impurities. A mafi ductile karfe a cikin lokaci-lokaci tebur a gaban gubar, platinum, cadmium ko sulfur zama gaggautsa.

A softness na musamman yanayi na zinariya, shi ne complemented ta tauri da kuma ductility. Ta sauƙi gyare-gyaren da kuma aiki da cikakken bayani taimaka high matakan da tensile ƙarfin - 3300 kg / cm ^2. Wannan musamman hade da jiki da kuma inji Properties na zinariya aka yi amfani da na dogon lokaci. Misali - zinariya ganye.

Domes a Rasha Croutes zinariya tsantsa ...

Duk da dogon tarihi na zinariya, wannan ƙarfe ko da yaushe ya zama na rare da kuma daraja. Shi ne mafi ductile karfe. Wannan ingancin sa da yin amfani da zinariya tsare domin ado ciki abubuwa, ko ma a rufe kudin tasiri coci domes. Very kadan daraja karfe ake bukata domin shafi wani babban yanki na 1 gram na farantin iya zama takardar uninhibited yanki na 1 m ^2.

Ko manual Hanyar samar da zanen gado for zinariya plating sa ya yiwu don cimma wani kauri daya dubbai a millimeter. Wannan kauri damar da zinariya platelets tsaya a kan surface saboda kwayoyin janye. The fasaha domin samar da tinsel muhimmanci inganta. Yanzu ga flattening zinariya zanen gado amfani robotic line, amma ta hanyar aiwatar - high ductility fara abu.

zinariya thread

Da ikon na zinariya yin tsayayya da wani tensile karfi ba tare da keta a san daga farkon ta kasuwanci amfani. Yin waya ga kayan ado da aka kafa a zamanin da - da tsoho Masters san abin da ƙarfe ne mafi roba. A tsakiyar karni XX samar microwire da zinariya core, wanda ko da roba rufi ya 7 sau thinner fiye da wani mutum gashi. Daga 1 gram na zinariya da karfe da aka kõma m filament game 3,5 km dogon.

Yau fasahar suka kawo zinariya waya kauri daga sama zuwa dama microns, a kara ci gaba da fasaha abũbuwan amfãni karfe ci gaba.