Rosetta Stone - da key da asirai na Misira

Egyptology, wanda ya samo asali a cikin karni na sha takwas, da farko dangane da bombast na mashawarta masana kimiyya da kuma asali, amma babu tabbaci na da ka'idar matasa masu bincike. Misira, wanda haruffa bai amsa wa decipher, Manila kuma suka tsõratar da ta asiri. Lalle Egyptology suka fara samar kawai bayan ya samu key a hannun masana kimiyya, deciphering Masar hieroglyphics. Rosetta Stone - yana da kansa, kusan jami'in, labarin - shi ne mai maraba ambato aka haka suna.

Yana duk ya fara ne da aikin da mai girma Falsafa da malamin Leibniz rubuta zuwa Louis XIV. Da yake ba kawai wani masanin kimiyya, amma kuma dan siyasa, Leibniz kokarin kawar da hankalin na Faransa monarch daga ƙasarsa ta Jamus. Ya muqala masanin kimiyya kishin Misira, ya kira ta da "key zuwa Turai". Rubuta a cikin 1672nd, Leibniz rubutun da aka karanta ta wani Faransa daular mulkinsu fiye da shekara ɗari daga baya. A ra'ayin wani masanin kimiyyar kamar Sarkin sarakuna Napoleon, kuma a cikin 1799th ya aika zuwa Misira a ja damarar sojojin ruwa don kayar da Birtaniya soja raka'a, sa'an nan kasar na pyramids. Domin Faransa rundunar shiga da masana kimiyya suka yi sha'awar a zamanin d wayewar Misira.

Misira sun kasance a ƙarƙashin ikon Faransa shekara uku. A wannan lokaci, masana kimiyya sun taru a arziki tarin tsoho Masar kayayyakin gargajiya, amma asirai na wayewa, har yanzu Mu da aka rufe bakwai kwa'di. A key to duk wadannan gidãjen kuma zama Rosetta dutse. Na same shi da wani memba na balaguro Bouchard a lokacin gina wani soja Fort St. Julien. Fort aka gina kusa da garin Rosetta, daga abin da na dutse, da kuma aka mai suna. Kadawa a 1801-ohm, Faransa bar Misira, shan tare da su duk sami rarity. Sa'an nan da tarin zo zuwa Ingila, inda ta zama tushen na Masar sashen na tarihi na Birtaniya.

Mene ne Rosetta Stone? Shi ne mai baki basalt monolith sassaka da inscriptions a kan shi. Yana baya fito da dutsen ya kunshi uku versions na rubutu, rubuta da harsuna uku. Rubutu ya bayyana umurnin firistoci na birnin Memphis, inda firistoci Fir'auna Talomi V godiya da ya ba shi bragging hakkin. A farko version na hukuncin da aka rubuta a Masar hieroglyphics, da kuma na uku rubutu bayyana fassarar wannan umurnin a Greek. Kwatanta wadannan inscriptions, da masu bincike dangantaka haruffa daga cikin Girkanci haruffa, game da shi, da samun da key da sauran na zamanin d Masar inscriptions. The uku rubutu da aka sanya demotic haruffa - cursive Greek harshe.

Rosetta Stone karatu da yawa masu bincike. Na farko da dutse inscriptions deciphered Faransa orientalist de Sacy, da kuma ci gaba da aikinsa na Swedish masanin kimiyya Okerblad. A mafi wuya abu ya karanta hieroglyphic ɓangare na rubutu, domin asirin da harafin da aka rasa a farkon Roman sau. Na fara deciphering hieroglyphs Sun Banasare, amma don cimma cikakken nasarar da aka Bafaranshen Champollion. Ya tabbatar da cewa, hieroglyphic tsarin yafi kunshi karin lafazi da alphabetic haruffa. A lokacin da ya gajeren rayuwa, da masanin kimiyyar gudanar ya halicci wani m kamus na zamanin d Masar harshe da kuma irin ta nahawu dokoki. Saboda haka, rawar da Rosetta dutse a gaban Egyptology ya gaske invaluable.