Portland sumunti - abin da yake da shi? Brand, bayani dalla-dalla

Daya daga cikin mafi kowa iri ciminti don kankare garwayayye - Portland. Wannan shi ne yadda aka yi amfani da, abin da kaddarorin shi yana da, dubi wadannan tambayoyi da kuma mafi kasa.

tsarin

Kamar yadda duk wani shiri abu, high bukatar sa a gaba ga gyara daga wanda nuna Portland sumunti. Gost 10178-85 "Portland sumunti kuma slag" shirya abun da ke ciki da kuma ingancin da sinadaran ga irin wannan m:

• Siminti clinker tare da wani taro sulusi da murabba'i na silicon oxide ba fiye da 5%.
• Filastar bisa ga Gost 4013-82. Gaban phosphorus mahadi, boron da sunadarin flourine a wani adadin ba m ga misali takardun.
• Ma'adinai kari musamman Properties ake bukata ga halittar garwayayye na so da irin.

All aka gyara an kasa tare har sai m.

Domin daban-daban na Portland sumunti za a iya amfani da daban-daban aka gyara, wanda kuma gabatar da wasu fasaha da bukatun wajabta ziyara.

A shuke-shuke inda samarwa ne da za'ayi, duk aka gyara wuce da ake bukata gwaje-gwaje don yarda, a fili daidaita samar da wani bushe da aiki garwayayye.

Portland sumunti kerarre ta Standard da ta nadi, ya hada da marufi, kuma a cikin rakiyar takardun. Idan babu, sa'an nan da samfurin da aka kerarre bisa ga TU, da kaddarorin iya bambanta daga waɗanda kullum karɓa.

samarwa

Don fahimta, Portland - yana da daraja idan akai la'akari da aiwatar da ta samar, wanda kunshi dama, saukarwa:

1. Farar ƙasa hakar ma'adinai greenish ko rawaya. Shi ya ta'allaka ne a zurfin mita 10 yadudduka an cire saboda ta bude rami a cikin ƙasa ma'aunan kasa ci gaba.
2. Shiri. Da farko abu da aka hõre farko bushewa da kuma nika ta amfani da wasu Additives su sami wani combustible cakuda. Don gano abin da size da taro sulusi da murabba'i na impurities ƙunshi astringent, kamar duba a lakabtawa: PC400 D20 kunshi wani juz'i na 20% improvers da PTS500 D0 ba shi da su da kõme. Bayan na farko nika da cakuda da aka calcined a iko musamman Tanderu. Tun da ciminti clinker an samu - babban bangare ne na Portland sumunti.
3. Karewa. A wannan mataki, da clinker ya bushe da ƙasa a cikin wani aiki sulusi da murabba'i tare da farar ƙasa, kuma musamman Additives ga kowane irin Portland sumunti. Next, cakuda da aka cika cikin kunshe-kunshe a 30, 40, 50 kg da kuma aika zuwa ga yi site warehouses, shagunan.

masana'antu siffofin

Duk wani nau'i na Portland sumunti (PC) suna yi na daban-daban kayan, sananniyar sashi domin duk ne kawai ciminti clinker. Sauran gyara iya daban-daban Properties: danshi juriya, ma'adinai abun ciki. Ganin wadannan abubuwan, ba shi yiwuwa a yi wa kowane irin kaya a cikin hanya daya, don haka akwai hanyoyi da dama don aiwatar da biyu lokaci na samar da abubuwa:

• A rigar Hanyar shafi nika gyara a ruwa. Saboda haka yi tare da chalky lãka, da baƙin ƙarfe kari. Domin su, akwai dokoki zafi: lãka - 20%, alli - 29%. A sakamakon emulsion bayan aiki na da danshi abun ciki na 50% da kuma irin wannan aka aiko zuwa ga kiln. A lokacin zafi magani clinker kafa beads cewa suna baya milled cikin ƙãre m.
• A bushe tsari ba nufa da humidification raw kayan: shi shiga wutar makera to bushe. A kudin siminti samar a wannan hanya ne m, domin ba su bukatar makamashi domin bushewa.
• Hada Hanyar hadawa da rigar da kuma bushe. A slurry (raw cakuda) ne milled a ruwa. Bugu da ari, ta amfani da tace zubar da wani ya fi girma adadin danshi a cikin kiln aka kawota tare da cakuda zuwa 18% danshi.

Properties

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, da kankare daukan kan wasu ingancin lõkacin da ta ji wani musamman Portland sumunti. A halaye na kowane daga cikinsu ne na musamman, amma akwai kowa ga dukkan sigogi:

• Cikakkar yawa a cikin kewayon 3050-3150 kg / m ^3, da girma ga daban-daban na HRC zai bambanta.
• Portland sumunti fineness da za a ƙaddara da sieve permeability №008 foda ba kasa da 85%.
• A takamaiman girman da surface bayan dropout 2500-3000 cm ² / g.
• Kafa lokaci: farkon - 45 minutes, karshen - 12:00. Auna a kan sikelin Vita.

Karko aka auna gwajin samfurori da girma 4h4h16 cm, Ya sanya daga ciminti-m bayani a cikin rabo 1: 3 da rabo na ruwa zuwa ciminti na 0.4, bayan kwanaki 28 na hardening. Shirye Prism ne hõre lankwasawa da kuma matsawa ta kayyade da darajar da Game da alãmarsu.

iri

Dangane da irin Portland sumunti amfani da Additives iya samun dama iri:

• farkon ƙarfi.
• sulfate.
• hydrophobic.
• plasticized.
• matsakaiciya exotherm.
• slag.
• acid.
• alumina.
• fari da kuma launi.
• pozzolan.

Kowane irin bada kankare block wasu kaddarorin zama dole don amfani a wani takamaiman wuri ko yanki.

PTs ƙunshi manyan yawa na alli mahadi da yake iya hanzari gina ƙarfi a solidification.

Sulfate Portland sumunti da aka hada da Additives cewa kara da kankare juriya ga m sinadaran abubuwa.

Hydrophobic irin m ƙunshi Additives da inganta jinkirin danshin ruwa da ta sa ta yi amfani da m in m yankunan, inda dole sauka a hankali hardening na dutse ba tare da asarar ƙarfi.

Plasticized view m inputted cikin kankare mix, qara ta plasticity da Sannan ina.

Portland sumunti da wata matsakaici exotherm a lokacin hydration allocates mun gwada da kananan adadin zafi.

Slag aka hada da tsãwa makera slag, wanda muhimmanci rage ta kudin.

Acid HRC aka hada da tsarki ma'adini yashi da kuma sodium fluorosilicate, resistant zuwa m sinadaran muhallin.

Portland sumunti, aluminous ƙunshi wani babban taro na aluminum oxide, na inganta m hardening.

PC wadãtar pozzolanic ma'adinai Additives na volcanic da sedimentary asalin (har zuwa 40% na jimlar nauyi). Sun kara da ruwa juriya da kuma ba ta samar efflorescence a farfajiya na ƙãre kankare.

White kuma canza launin iri binders hada daban-daban karfe mahadi da cewa za a iya fentin a wani launi na dutse.

Rarrabuwa da ƙarfi

A iri Portland rabu a kan tushen da ta aiki index - matuƙar ƙarfi a lokacin axial matsawa halves samfurori shekaru 28 days. Haka kuma, da fifiko lamba 400, 500, 550, 600.

Wani irin Portland sumunti sa 400 da ake amfani da su haifar da kowa da kuma misali kayayyaki da cewa ba sha ya karu danniya.

Higher dabi'u na kan sarki ne yafi tsada, su yi amfani da ga m Tsarin da su gyara.

aikace-aikace

Portland sumunti - abin da yake da shi? Wannan shi ne inganta nau'i na kankare m. Haka kuma, dangane da irin filler yana da dutse ko wasu inganta halaye. Alal misali, high-farkon Portland sumunti 500 da kuma 600 na da babban kudi na hardening, saboda shi ne kara wa kankare da don samar da m Tsarin alhakin biyu karkashin kasa da kuma sama-ƙasa Tsarin. Har ila yau, shi ne sau da yawa amfani a lokuta inda akwai bukatar for m magance, misali, ga mai zuba kafuwar formwork.

Mafi na kowa ne Portland sumunti 400. Shi ne na kowa da kowa a cikin aikace-aikace: domin samar da monolithic da precast abubuwa da hakan ƙarfi da bukatun, alhãli kuwa ba muhimmanci na baya halaye PTS500, amma yana da ƙananan kudin.

Sulfate view m amfani da shiri garwayayye cewa suna da hannu a samar da karkashin ruwa Tsarin. Su ne mafi saukin kamuwa da tareda žata effects na m sulphate ruwaye.

300-600 plasticized Portland sumunti muhimmanci inganta roba Properties daga cikin bayani, da ƙarfi halaye, haka ceton 5.8% na m, idan aka kwatanta da na al'ada sumunti.

Special iri HRC da wuya a yi amfani da kananan yi a matsayin albarkatun kasa yana da mafi darajar, kuma kowane mutum a cikin titi sani game da wannan nau'i na aiki abu. Portland cements sau da yawa amfani kankare Mixes amfani a manyan da muhimmanci abubuwa.

Lokacin da ba lallai ba ne su yi amfani

Portland sumunti - aiki bangaren wanda anka kankare musamman Properties. Amma ba ta bayyanar kamata ba a yi amfani a cikin wani karfi gudãna kogin gadaje, a cikin gishiri ruwa, a ruwa da wani babban ma'adinai abun ciki. Sulfate duba wadannan yanayi ba zai iya jimre ta ayyuka, an tsara aiki a tsaye temperate ruwaye. Domin dams na'ura, dams da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Tsarin, wanda bauta a matsayin matsin lamba matsakaici a cikin ruwa-ruwa amfani musamman iri cements.

Yadda za a zabi da kuma saya

Idan ka sayi ya kamata a fahimci, Portland - abin da yake da shi? A farko m don ƙirƙirar kankare. Kamar yadda da talakawa sumunti, shi ne aka sayar a cika jaka, takarda bags na 50 kg, wani lokacin 30, 40.

A lokacin da zabar kula da alama a kan kunshin. Dole ne ya zama a kayyade irin (Portland sumunti, slag da kuma kama. D.), da yarda da Gost ko W, da adadin ma'adinai Additives. Kana bukatar kuma ka kula da kwanan wata na yi: da sabo feed, da mafi alheri da inganci.

A kudin na musamman ciminti iya tasiri biyu masana'antun da kuma sake sayarwa. A wannan masana'antu da fasaha ba ya nufin wani babban bambanci a price. Saboda haka, zabi cikin abu da shuka, wanda shi ne dogara, wanda yana da kyau suna.

Nawa ne Portland? Farashin mafi m P 400 50 kg jakar farawa daga 200 rubles PTS500 (50 kg.) - 230 rubles. Zai ze karamin bambanci, amma don ƙirƙirar kayayyaki bukatar babban adadin daga cikin cakuda, wanda dogara ne a kan m. A sakamakon wani kuskure a zabi iya kudin wani babba dinari.