Silica

Domin da sinadaran abubuwa da atomic lambar 14, shi ne a lokaci-lokaci tebur rukunin IV a lokacin 3 da kuma III jerin, za a iya kafa biyu silicon oxides, kunsha na biyu abubuwa Si kuma Yã:

• silicon monoxide, a cikinsa Si ne divalent, shi okisda sinadaran dabara iya wakilta a matsayin Sio.
• silica - shi ne mafi girma da silicon oxide a cikin abin da Si ne tetravalent, ta sinadaran dabara aka rubuta a matsayin SiO2.

Silicon (IV) oxide a bayyanar shi ne m lu'ulu'u. Da yawa daga cikin SiO2 daidai 2.648 g / cm³. The abu ya narke a cikin zazzabi kewayon daga 1600 zuwa 1725 ° C, tafasa a 2230 ° C.

SiO2 silicon oxide da aka sani na da taurin da kuma karfin tun zamanin da, da ya fi na kowa a cikin yanayi kamar yashi ko ma'adini, kazalika a cikin cell ganuwar diatoms. The abu yana da yawa polymorphs, mafi sau da yawa samu a biyu siffofin:

• Crystal - wani halitta ma'adinai ma'adini da iri (chalcedony, rock crystal, Jasper, agate, duwatsu). Ma'adini ne tushen na ma'adini da yashi, shi ne wani muhimmin gini abu da kuma albarkatun kasa domin silicate masana'antu.
• amorphous auku a matsayin halitta ma'adinai opal tsarin wanda za a iya bayyana ta da dabara SiO2 • nH2O. earthy siffofin amorphous SiO2 ne Tripoli (dutse gari, diatomaceous duniya) ko diatomaceous duniya. roba amorphous anhydrous silica - shi ne silica, wanda aka sanya na sodium metasilicate.

Silicon oxide SiO2 ne acidic oxide. Wannan factor kayyade ta sinadaran Properties.

Sunadarin flourine reacts tare da silicon dioxide: SiO2 + 4F → SiF4 + O2 ta samar da colorless silicon tetrafluoride gas da oxygen, yayin da sauran gas (halogens Cl2, Br2, I2) m kasa aiki.

Silicon oxide IV aka mayar da martani tare da hydrofluoric acid a samu fluorosilicic acid: SiO2 + 6HF → H2SiF6 + 2H2O . Wannan dukiyar da ake amfani a cikin semiconductor masana'antu.

Silicon (IV) oxide narkar da a zubi ko zafi mai karfi Alkali samar da wata sodium silicate: 2NaOH + SiO2 → Na2SiO3 + H2O.

Silicon dioxide reacts tare da asali karfe oxides (msl, oxides na sodium, potassium, gubar (II), ko cakuda tutiya oxide da cewa an yi amfani da gilashi mai samarwa). Alal misali, dauki na sodium oxide da SiO2, a sakamakon wanda za a iya kafa: sodium orthosilicate 2Na2O + SiO2 → Na4SiO4, sodium silicate Na2O + SiO2 → Na2SiO3, da kuma gilashin Na2O + 6SiO2 + XO → Na2O: XO: 6SiO2. Misalan irin gilashin da ciwon kasuwanci darajar, suna da soda-lemun tsami gilashi, gilashin borosilicate, leaded gilashi.

silicon dioxide a high yanayin zafi, an mayar da martani tare da silicon, sakamakon wani gaseous monoxide: Si + SiO2 → 2SiO ↑.

Mafi sau da yawa, silica SiO2 da ake amfani wajen samar da elemental silicon. Kan aiwatar da hulda da elemental carbon Saide a wani babban zazzabi a cikin wutar lantarki makera: 2C + SiO2 → Si + 2Kor. Yana da quite makamashi m. Duk da haka, ta samfurin da aka yi amfani da semiconductor art Manufacturing hasken rana Kwayoyin (haske makamashi ne tuba a cikin wutar lantarki). Har ila yau, m Si da ake amfani a cikin karfe masana'antu (a samar da zafi-resistant da kuma acid-resistant silicon karfe). A haka ta samu elemental silicon zama dole su sami wani tsabta silicon dioxide, wanda yana da muhimmanci ga wani yawan masana'antu. Halitta SiO2 da ake amfani a cikin nau'i na yashi a cikin wadanda masana'antu da cewa ba ya bukatar ta high tsarki.

Inhalation finely powdered crystalline SiO2 turɓãya, ko a sosai kananan yawa (har zuwa 0.1 MG / m³), tare da mashako silicosis ko ciwon daji zai iya ci gaba na tsawon lokaci. Dust zama hatsari idan shi shiga cikin huhu, kullum m su, ta haka ne rage su aiki. A cikin mutane, silicon oxide a cikin nau'i na crystalline barbashi ba narkar cikin asibiti dacewa lokaci lokaci. Wannan sakamako zai iya haifar da hadarin sana'a cututtuka ga mutane aiki tare da sandblasting kayan aiki ko kayayyakin da dauke crystalline silica foda. Yara, asthmatics dukan zamanai suka sha wahala daga allergies, kazalika da tsofaffi mutane na iya zama rashin lafiya mafi sauri.