Mawãƙi Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky: biography, kerawa

Rasha da kuma Soviet mawãƙi Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky aka haife kusa St. Petersburg, a Tsarskoye Selo (yanzu - birnin Pushkin), 10 Afrilu 1895. Saboda haka, labarin ya aka ƙaddara zahiri: mahaifinsa sanar da dokar Allah a cikin wannan makarantar sakandare, inda darektan shi ne mafi kyau na jagoranta - Innokentiy Annensky. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky kuma ya sadu da Nikolai Gumilev, wanda ya yi karatu a gymnasium, har ya zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa ya dauki wadannan malaman biyu manyan malamai.

Hanyar zuwa wallafe-wallafe

Gida, da kuma mawallafiya na karatun wasan kwaikwayo ya sami babban yabo, bayan kammala karatunsa ya shiga jami'a a Faculty of History and Philology. Lokacin da Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ya yi karatu a cikin shekara ta farko, yaƙin farko ya fara. Kafin yakin, aka wallafa mawallafin farko na poetry: "Gymnasium years". Kuma mafi ƙanƙanci Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky yana da damar da ya nuna a farkon littafinsa (amma ba a yi amfani da shi ba) shekaru hudu a baya - a 1910, lokacin da waƙoƙinsa suka fito a mujallar "Pupil".

Lokaci ne mai ban mamaki! A kusa da ita wani wasan motsa jiki na mata, inda Akhmatova na gaba ke karatu, kuma yayin da yarinyar mata Gwamna Gorenko ya kasance abokiyar Vsevolod na shekaru masu yawa. Tsarskoe Selo ya yi nazarin zane-zane: wadannan gidajen sarauta da shahararrun shahararrun duniya suna da banbancin Versailles, jituwa, ladabi da kuma farin ciki domin idanu suna ko'ina. Ruhun mawaki ya karɓa - tasiri mai tasiri na kewaye ya ba da kullun rai ga ladabi, kyakkyawa, nuna gaskiya. Kuma Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ya rubuta ayoyi daidai da waɗannan, waɗanda aka haɗu tare da haɗin kai na gari da kuma rashin jin daɗi. Maganin Pushkin ba ya dame rai ga 'yan kaɗan daga "tsar" ba.

Iyaye

Matsayin da ya fi tasiri a kan mawaki na mawaki shi ne mahaifiyarsa, wanda ke cikin takarda tare da babban dan kasar - Leo Tolstoy. Ta fito ne daga wata babbar ƙauyen iyali, amma yana da ilmantarwa kuma an haife shi ne mai kirkiro, mai ban mamaki, kuma tare da babban 'yanci ya yi amfani da kalma: maganganunsa na da haske, yana gudana, mai sassauci kuma yana da kyau.

Mahaifin mawallafin ya haifa a wuraren da dansa ya kare a yayin yakin basasa - ba da nisa ba daga Tikhvin. A nan don lokacin rani iyalin suka tafi hutun, kuma mawallafin gaba ya tuna da farin ciki na ƙauyen ƙauyen garin Ilinskoe ba tare da ta'aziyya ba fiye da kyakkyawar kyakkyawan kyakkyawan birni na gari. Haɗuwa ba abu ne mai ban mamaki ba, amma yana da ban sha'awa sosai a cikin layi. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ya rubuta ayoyin da aka cika da jini, tare da jin dadi da jituwa da dukan duniya.

Zanen haɗi

A cikin ruhun mawaki, a lokaci guda, abubuwa daban-daban da basu yi kama da juna suna rayuwa a cikin jituwa da farin ciki: garin ƙauyen ana sanya shi a cikin rayuwar ƙauyen, a cikin magana mai maƙwabtaka mai sauki - babbar hankali. Wannan shi ne yadda aka samo talikan. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ya rubuta waqoqin farin ciki da farin ciki duk da cewa yana da irin wannan lokacin: wuya, mai tsanani, a wasu lokuta - maras alheri.

Kuma a lokacin da duk abin da ya yi kama da ɓarna, ya zama kamar sun haskaka shekaru mafi wuya a cikin sunayen littattafansa: "Summer" - edition of 1921, "Gidan Wuta zuwa Aljanna" - 1939 ... Sauran da Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ya fuskanta, wanda labarinsa yake. An gina fiye da shekaru tamanin, yana shawo kan duk abin da ya faru da ƙasarsa, ya nuna aikinsa ba tare da hawaye ba.

Tabbatar da waƙar

Kuma ayyukansa na gaba ba su rasa fata ba: "Oriole", "Rashancin Rasha", "Golden Autumn" ... Ko da littafin ƙarshe, wanda aka buga kafin mutuwarsa, a 1976, ana kiransa "Face to Dawn". Sunny poet, farin ciki da abin mamaki m. Babu motsi, tsãwa da tsargumi na sabuwar zamanin ba zai iya girgiza ƙawancin Pushkin ba, kwayoyin halitta, tsinkaye na babban lokaci, kusa da dukkanin yaƙe-yaƙe da juyin juya halin su ne kananan bayanai, kamar ƙura a harp na Orpheus.

Yawancin masana tarihi na fasaha sun yi imanin cewa wannan harp, wanda Nikolai Gumilev ya aika, shi ne Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ya karbi. Ba'a bambanta labarinsa ba ta irin wannan mawuyacin hali, annoba da jarumawa kamar Gumilev. Amma kashi uku cikin dari na karni na rubuta rubutun waƙa don farin ciki shi ne ya fi kwarewa, shin ba?

Da farko

Maetar mawaki ya yi matukar farin ciki tare da masu jagoranci. Jaridar "Apprentice", wadda aka buga a kan Gymnasium na farko na St. Petersburg, ya fassara wani malamin Latin, wanda daga bisani ya zama sananne a matsayin masanin tarihin tarihi Vasiliy Grigorievich Yan, wanda sashinsa game da Genghis Khan da Baty zasu kasance da shahararrun lokaci, an fassara su zuwa fiye da hamsin haɗin. Gaskiyar sunan mai koyar da Latin shine Yanchevetsky, shi ne wanda ya shirya waƙoƙin farko na yara. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ba littafi na farko game da shekaru makaranta, kuma baftar da aka wallafa daga mujallar "Pupil" ba ta sake bugawa ba, la'akari da su imitative da masu karatu.

Duk da haka, ba su da komai, ba ma farko ba. Apukhtin, Nadson ... Kuma mutane da yawa da suka yi la'akari da kansu mawaki ne manya, zunubi kusan ta hanyar bashin kai tsaye, wanda kadan Kirsimeti yana da kõme. A sake zagayowar, wanda aka keɓe ga Pushkin, an yi la'akari da shi, an daidaita daidai, sanye take da sha'awa ga al'adun gargajiya, ƙididdigar Baratynsky suna mamakin tunani da jin cewa ba abin da ke cikin samari.

Dalibai

Tun daga shekarar 1914, Rozhdestvensky Vsevolod Alexandrovich an jera a jerin sunayen daliban Jami'ar St. Petersburg. Fayyace siyasa, gardamarsa ba ta taɓa shi ba, bai shiga cikin su ba. Tunanin zamani, wanda mafi yawan wuraren ya kewaye shi, bai kuma kasance kusa da shi ba, wani mawallafi mai daraja Blok. Amma ba tare da wata sanarwa ba, kuma yanzu ba ta bar ba. A daidai wannan nau'in binciken Larissa Reisner, mai haske, ba ya rasa wannan ingancin har yanzu.

Tare da suka halarci kwarewar "Circle of Poets" kuma sun kasance kusan daidai aiki. Uba Larissa ya taimaka wajen wallafa mujallar, wanda shine kwayar wannan sashin, mai suna "Rudin." Akwai batutuwa takwas kawai, wanda akwai waƙa guda uku wanda mawallafi Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ya riga ya rubuta. Yana ba kawai wani kulob din, shi ya makaranta na aya, a cikin abin da ya lura Yesenin, Mandelstam da kuma wasu St. Petersburg kasida daga cikin lokaci.

Selection

A hankali, dimokuradiyya da kuma juyin juya hali karkashin jagorancin Larisa Reisner ya fara rinjaye a cikin da'irar. A watan Oktobar 1917, ta cancanci daukaka ta har abada kamar yadda ya zama mai wakilci na Baltic Fleet. Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ya zama kwamandan Red Army.

"Muryar Mujallar" - marubutan sanannen 1941 - ya yi haka ne sosai saboda mawallafin marubuci ya shiga cikin kwata na karni na baya da suka wuce tare da dakarunsa a duk abubuwan da suka faru da suka rikice-rikicen da suka haifar da mahaifiyar Motherland, inda dukan mutane suka yi yaƙi ba tare da kashe rayukansu ba.

Taro

A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ya rubuta tarihin rayuwar "Pages of Life", kuma wannan littafi ya zama kusan nan da nan wani rikodi mai ban dariya, duk da rashin ƙananan wurare. Duk saboda mutane a rayuwarsa sun zo sau da yawa ba kawai m, amma labari. Alal misali, ya kasance mai koyarwa a cikin iyalin Maxim Gorky, kuma marubuta yana da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da basirar saurayi, ya dauki matsayi mafi mahimmanci a cikin makomarsa, kuma ya yarda ya yi magana, ya ba da umurni da yawa. Na yi magana mai yawa da kuma Kirsimeti da ban mamaki rundunar "House of mawãƙi" a Koktebel - Maksimilianom Voloshinym.

Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky shahara shayari a banza a matsayin "kimiyya na farin ciki". Haɗuwa da Alexander Blok ya ƙaddara sosai a cikin ayoyin. Hannar zuwa ga daidaito da rudani na acmeism sun shuɗe, sihiri da sihiri na kiɗa na ciki na waƙa ya fara. Lokacin da Blok ya karya dangantaka tare da Acmeists, Rozhdestvensky ya zauna tare da Blok kada a rubuta "ba tare da allah ba, ba tare da wahayi ba." Masanin kimiyya na shayari za a iya samun sauƙin sauƙin idan an dandana dandano. Kuma a cikin wannan amincewar kai, mawallafin Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ya yi daidai.

Wa'azi game da yakin

War Warrior na musamman ya sanya mawãƙi wani mayaƙa a rana ta farko. "A kan kare Leningrad" - wannan jarida ta aiko da wakilinsa zuwa ga wani, har ma da mafi hadari, ayyuka. Daga bisani sai aka yi masa aikin soja na bakwai kuma ya gudanar da aikin soja. A lokaci guda, ayoyin sun hada. A shekara ta 1943 an wallafa littafin "Voice of Motherland", kuma a 1945 - "Ladoga". Wadannan sun kasance shaidu daban-daban game da abin da mawaki ke fuskanta, abin da mawaƙi ya gani, ya ji kuma ya ji. Ode da satire, asali da ballads, rubutu da kuma waƙoƙi.

Amma, kamar yadda dā, duk wata kalma na Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ta kasance mai gaskiya da tsabta. Wannan mashahurin shine, a cikin mafi ma'anar kalma, masanin gargajiya: fasaha na al'ada ya wadata tare da babban lamarin rayuwa na farkon rabin karni na ashirin, ya fuskanci gwaji da yawa, ya dawo daga ɓarna da yawa na labyrinth na style, amma kafin masu karatu ya fito a cikin siffofin zane-zane da suka cika da tsarki na mai rai Breathing.

Postwar lokacin

Yaƙin yana da wuya. Kusan nan da nan bayan kammalawa, a 1947, an buga littafin nan '' Roads Roads ', bayan haka mawaki ya dakatar da shekaru goma sha ɗaya. Bayan ayoyin yaki, ruhun ba ya gaggauta kafa tsohuwar duniya da yanayi ba. Kuma kowa zai iya rubuta a waje na wannan jiha, ba kawai Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ba. Sai dai 'yan sanda sun taɓa shi, ko da kafin juyin juya halin, lokacin da aka kwashe ɗaliban' yan adawa daga Jami'ar Petersburg, kamar tsintsiyar. Bugu da ƙari, aiki na poetic, Vsevolod Alexandrovich zai iya magance mai yawa, sosai.

Ko da yake, ya yi amfani da waɗannan ƙwarewa yayin jiran zaman lafiya. Ya kasance a cikin fassarorin, ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo na opera (an rubuta su kuma suna da goma sha biyar, daga cikinsu akwai wasan kwaikwayo masu yawa). Lokacin ƙarshe na kerawa - wanda ya riga ya zama mawaki - an shafe shi kusan gaba ɗaya ta hanyar zane na Rasha. Rubuce-rubuce na waqoqi, wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga mafi girma a cikin rukunin Rasha. Marubucin mawallafin, yana kallon wuraren shimfidarsa. Kuma babban wuri a cikin aikinsa yana shagaltar da abubuwan tunawa.

Caucasus

Ƙaunar waɗannan gine-gine masu godiya da godiya sun haifa a cikin shekarun 1920, kuma a nan ne Vsevolod Rozhdestvensky ya dawo daga lokaci zuwa lokaci dukan rayuwarsa. Wadannan tafiye-tafiye suna nunawa a cikin waƙoƙin "Tsei", "Hunter Vasso", "Taro Caucasian" da sauran mutane. A nan mai mawallafin ya samo asali mai mahimmanci don aikinsa.

Tsawon tsaunukan dutse ne kwararrun ayoyi. Kyawawan kyawawan dabi'u na gida sun iya cika wuraren kyawawan wurare na ƙauyen Tikhvin da kuma jituwa na duniyar Tsarskoye Selo. Tseyskoe kwarin janyo hankalin mawãƙi, kamar maganadisu, Saboda haka muhimmi fata na mawãƙi zama irin na dabbanci, da kuma wahayi ake tuhuma a matsayin gun.