Maximilian Voloshin. Rasha mawãƙi da kuma wuri mai faɗi zane-zane da kuma wallafe-wallafen sukar lamiri

Daya daga cikin mafi ƙwarai wakilan da Azurfa Age wani hazaka Multi-faceted da sosai asali (da shi aka kira mafi eccentric Rasha farkon XX karni.) Mutane - Maximilian Voloshin (1877-1932). Ya aka sosai organically shige cikin wannan ban mamaki lokaci na Rasha adabi, wanda haka ya dace da kalmomin wani wāƙe Anna Akhmatova: "Kuma da azurfa mai haske wata na Azurfa Age bayar da umarnin rike ...", ko da yake ya Voloshin ba na daya daga cikin kwatance, sa'an nan rinjaye a Rasha art.

A talented mutum ne talented a cikin duk abin

A May 1877, a Kiev, a cikin iyali na da wani collegiate shawara (VI aji daraja m zuwa wani kanar na soja) AM Kirienko-Voloshin da E. O. Glazer ɗa. Nan da nan bayan haihuwar mahaifiyar jaririn, tunawa da sako-sako da dabi'u na lokacin, bar mijinta, wanda ya mutu bayan shekaru uku, kuma ba game da shi ya tuna. Little Max, ta kawo har bisa ga nasu liking haukata. Kuma, watakila, shi da yake daidai a lokacin da ya bayyana a Rasha a sakamakon ta tarbiyyar lexicographer Maximilian Voloshin, m da talented fassara, mai ban mamaki, irin mawãƙi kuma mai ban mamaki artist. Bugu da kari, shi ne mai ban sha'awa da wallafe-wallafen sukar lamiri. Kuma a gaskatãwa ga abin da aka ce, kamar yadda idan yanayi da kanta ne Ya halitta Karadag profile na wani bearded mutum, wanda ƙarshe ya zama mai wuce yarda da irin wannan Maximilian Voloshin.

m rabo

Kuma masa abin rekõdinsa yi sa'a. Wannan gaisuwa mutumin wawayen hoaxer, bisa manufa, zuwa karshen rayuwarsa ya rayu, yadda da kuma inda so, ya rubuta cewa ya so, duk da haka, ba a buga. Kuma daga baya kawai domin ajiya na waqoqi da cewa mutane za su iya bace ba tare da wata alama. Ko da sunan kunsha na biyu 2-storey Villas da faɗi da kwana, da Bolsheviks aka ba zaba. Kuma a Koktebel, har sai da mutuwa da wannan "shaggy Zeus" a lokacin rani mutane zo daruruwan abokai da kuma abokai na da abokansa. Estate Voloshin wani abu na da wani free reno gida, gida don kerawa na kasida, marubuta da kuma artists.

watershed shekara

Maximilian Voloshin halarci gymnasiums - Theodosia da biyu a Moscow, da Moscow University (a cikin doka sashen), da kuma duk koya kimiyya al'amarin. Kuma a sa'an nan, shekaru baya, ya ce cewa shekaru goma ciyar a ilimi, ba wadãtar da shi da wani tunani, da kuma abin da vata shekaru. Duk da haka, ya halarci ban sha'awa laccoci a Sorbonne da aka horar a cikin nazarinsa na artists a Paris.

A shekarar 1900, wanda ya m. Voloshin ce da shekara na da samuwar, ya aka aiko daga Moscow zuwa Central Asia domin halartar dalibai tashin hankali. A nan ne ya yanke shawarar da ya nutsu kansa art da kuma adabi, wanda, a cikin ra'ayi, ya yi "tafiya zuwa yamma."

Na korar yara - a encyclopedic

Maximilian Voloshin, wanda biography har 1912 za a nasaba, tare da Paris, tafiya ko'ina Turai da kuma ziyarci Misira. A tsawon shekaru, dalibi dropout zama malamin - ya yi ta yawo cikin gari, jawabin da yawa lokaci a dakunan karatu, mamaye kamar soso, da al'adu na zamanin d da kuma na da wayewar. Ya aka tsunduma a cikin translation, Faransa bude Rasha kasida da kuma countrymen - Faransa. Ya m articles da aka buga a baje a cikin rare Rasha wallafe, da kuma lokacin da zai dawo zuwa Koktebel ya riga ya mai da wallafe-wallafen sunan.

talented hoaxer

Amma, a 1913, wannan shi ne cikakken mai free mutum, wanda ra'ayoyi ne ko da yaushe daban-daban daga wadanda daga cikin kewaye (da mahaifiyarsa ta Credo ya taken: girma da wani abu amma ba kamar sauran mutane) sanya biyu ayyuka, wanda ke haifar a cikin kauracewa ayyana da shi. A farko labarin wani hoax talented poetess Elizabeth Dmitrieva. Sun buga jerin waqe karkashin pseudonym Cherubina de Gabriac. Poetry ya wildly rare. Amma da daukan hotuna da aka yi nauyi, a sakamakon, kare mutuncin mata, M. Voloshin, harbe kansa a cikin wani duel tare da Gumilev. Seconds Maximilian Alexandrovich ya Count Tolstoy.

Sabanin ra'ayin jama'a

Na biyu labarin Voloshin fadi fita da yawa wallafe-wallafen abokai. Ya-wata a watan Fabrairu ya ba da lacca a Polytechnic Museum, wanda ya yi ƙarfin halin tana bayyana, daga dukan daban-daban, ra'ayin game da Sanadin hari a kan maniac hoto Repin "Ivan Grozny kashe ɗansa." A shekara ta 1914 ya wallafa wani littafi da ya makala "Faces of Art", wanda ya zama Popular. Kuma a cikin 1910, ya aka saki na farko tarin ya waqe, da shayari har sai bai buga wani Gorky kuma Ivanov.

mãkirci Crimean

Wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa a cikin kwanaki bai nuna godiya sikelin da kowane mutum, ko m, Legacy da artist, mawãƙi da kuma wallafe-wallafen sukar lamiri mai suna Voloshin Maksimilian. Koktebel ne inextricably nasaba da sunansa. A ra'ayin don shirya akwai mallakar mahaifiyarsa. Back a v1893 shekara (Max ya sa'an nan 16 years old) shi daya daga cikin na farko sayi nan ƙasar daga cikin tẽku, da imani da cewa kawai iska, yanayi da ƙarni-tsohon tarihi na Crimea, wanda bar su da alãmarsu a kan haka da yawa daban-daban al'adu, ta halarci ta invaluable Maximilian, a cikin abin da gauraye da yawa daban-daban bloodlines.

almara gida

Tun lokacin da ya dawo daga kasashen waje, da mawãƙi da artist kusan ko da yaushe yana zaune a cikin dukiya, wanda a hankali ya zama wani irin cibiyar al'adu na Rasha tunani. Ko da yake, a cewar jita-jita, mu ba kawai tsammani. A wuya shekaru na yakin basasa da gidan Maksimiliana Voloshina wani Haven ga duk abokansa, ko da kuwa su "launi" - ja ya tsira daga fari da fari a kan ja. Ya ba su tafi ba su yi hijira ba, yayin da abokinsa AK Tolstoy a 1918 (a 1923 ya koma Soviet Rasha) roƙe shi ya gudu waje. Voloshin bai daina mahaifarsa.

singer Cimmeria

Duk da yake a cikin Koktebel Voloshin fentin da yawa - a cewar Sahaban, biyu watercolors a rana. Mutane da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa suna tare da kyau shayari. Ya kasance cikin soyayya tare da Cimmeria (d ¯ Helenawa - "Nordic kasashe"), ya rubuta game da shi, kuma fentin da shi. Maximilian Voloshin ya rubuta hoto hawan keke. Wasu daga cikin su dauki bangare a cikin nuni da artists "World of Art". Amma suna da wani dogon lokaci ba saba wa mai fadi masu sauraro, ko da yake yana da kyau kwarai da zabe, tare da waqe-waqe, za a iya samu a ko'ina akwai. Kiyaye yawa ayyukan Masters a wani gidan kayan gargajiya da sunansa da kuma a Feodosia, Aivazovsky a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya.

Tsaron gãdon

Maximilian Voloshin gidan kayan gargajiya a gidansa a Koktebel bude a 1984. Its zama dole bazawara na Maximilian Alexandrovich M. S. Voloshinoy (nee Zabolotskaya), wanda har 1976 da aka ba kawai ya rayu a wani tsohon gidan, kuma a hankali kiyaye su da kuma tattara duk abin da aka alaka ta ƙaunataccen mijinta. Ta san cewa wata rana Rasha mazauna za su yaba wasiyya mai girma artist da kuma mawãƙi gõdadde.

A cikin gidan kayan gargajiya akwai gabatar da Maksimiliana Voloshina shekara-shekara International Prize for mafi kyau shayari littattafai, ta kwana na isar mai suna Voloshin Satumba. Ya aka binne shi kusa da mawãƙi da artist - a kan Dutsen Kuchuk Yanyshar. A karkashin daya farantin ginu ne tare da shi da matarsa.