Kwakwalwarka ne samun mazan yadda sauri? Masana kimiyya sun gano kwayoyin halittu key

Kwakwalwarka iya fara zuwa shekaru da yawa sauri a lokacin da ka kunna shekaru 65 da haihuwa. Ko da shi ba a fara. Sai dai itace, ya dogara a kan abin da version of wani musamman gene samu a cikin genome. Shi ne masana kimiyya sun samu a cikin 'yan karatu. Da masu bincike sun gano wata gene cewa iko da gudun a wadda kwakwalwarka ne tsufa, kuma a lokaci guda suna da'awar cewa wani version na wannan gene iya samar da kariya a kan babban yawan shekaru da alaka neurological cututtuka irin na tsufa gigin-tsufa.

Gene cewa zai iya kare ku daga gigin-tsufa?

Wannan gene, kira TMEM106B, zai fara aiki a kusa da lokaci da mutum ya jũya shekaru 65 da haihuwa. Da ewa ba bayan, cikin mutanen da suka yi a gaban a wani mummunan version na gene, kwakwalwa zai duba 10-12 shekaru girmi da hankali akan mutanen da suka yi a gaban a mai kyau, tasiri version na gene. Wannan samu iya taimaka likitoci gane abin da mutãne ne a karin hadarin da ya faru na neurological cuta yanayi saboda gaskiyar cewa suna da wani mummunan version na gene. Yana kuma iya taimakawa, a cikin halittar likita kayayyakin, da tasiri na wanda za a niyya ga gene don samar da mutane da mafi m tsufa kwakwalwa.

A mafi muhimmanci a cikin dukan genes

A cikin 'yan shekaru, masana kimiyya sun gano wani babban yawan kwayoyin halittu hade tare da Alzheimer ta cutar da Parkinson da sauran neurological cututtuka. Duk da haka, wadannan genes ne iya bayyana kawai wani karamin sashi na wadannan cututtuka. Kamar yadda muka sani a yau, babban hadarin factor for neurodegenerative cutar tsufa. Wani abu ya canjãwa a cikin kwakwalwa a lokacin da ka samu mazan, da kuma wannan take kaiwa zuwa da cewa ku zama mafi saukin kamuwa da cuta daga cikin kwakwalwa. A kayyade umarnin cewa ya ba TMEM106B gene iya zama cewa "wani abu." Kuma wadannan kungiyoyin iya ko dai kare da matsaloli sa da tsufa ko tsananta musu. Idan ka duba a wani rukuni na tsofaffi mutane, wasu daga cikinsu za su duba girmi wasu, kuma wasu -molozhe. Daidai wannan bambanci a cikin tsufa za a iya lura a cikin frontal bawo, a kwakwalwa yankin alhakin hadaddun tunani matakai.

New bincike a kan bango na baya

Previous karatu sun nasaba da wannan gene da wani m nau'i na gigin-tsufa kira frontotemporal degeneration. Amma wani sabon binciken ya nuna cewa wannan gene ne yafi yadu hade da kwakwalwa tsufa da kuma kayyade yadda da mazan mutane kula da su fahimi aiki. Domin sanin abin da zai sarrafa kwakwalwa tsufa, biyu masu bincike bincikar kayyade bayanai daga fiye da 1200 adam kwakwalwa samfurori mallakar mutanen da suka yi ba a kamu da wani neurodegenerative cuta lokacin da suke da rai har yanzu. Su mayar da hankali a kan 'yan ɗari da kwayoyin halittu da cewa ko dai kara da inganci a baya ko rage a lokacin adam tsufa. Masana kimiyya sun sanya wani ginshiƙi na wadannan bayanai, abin da suke kira "bambanci tsufa". Wannan jadawali nuna bambanci tsakanin yanzu (ko shekara-shekara) kwakwalwa shekaru da kuma ainahin shekaru.

Mene ne peculiarity wannan gene?

Daya gene, wannan TMEM106B, suka tsaya daga sauran, da nuna kanta a matsayin bambanci tsufa na engine. Sai dai itace cewa wannan gene iko da kumburi da kuma asarar neurons a cikin kwakwalwa. Amma wannan gene yana da siffofi biyu, ko dai, biyu alleles: na farko daya ake dangantawa da wani ƙãra hadarin kara tsufa daga cikin kwakwalwa, yayin da wasu ne a m da kuma hana kara tsufa. Kowane mutum na da iri biyu na wannan gene a genome, kuma kimanin talatin cikin dari na yawan wadannan iri biyu - sharri. Hamsin cikin dari na yawan jama'ar, daya allele ne m, da kuma sauran korau tasirin a kan kwakwalwa, da kyau, da kuma sauran ashirin cikin dari ne biyu m alleles.

A iri-iri na haduwa, da kuma abin da nufin wannan

Kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda za a iya hukunta a wannan lokacin, da mummunan sakamako na biyu alleles ne tarawa. Wannan yana nufin cewa mutum kwakwalwa, wanda yana da biyu korau alleles, ya dubi shekaru biyar girmi da hankali na mutanen da suka yi kawai daya korau allele. Kuma su tarar da kwakwalwarmu, bi da bi, ya dubi shekaru biyar girmi da hankali akan mutanen da suka ba da korau alleles. Saboda haka daya daga cikin manyan shiriritar game da gene ne daya bisa ga abin da TMEM106B iko din martani a cikin mutum kwakwalwa a shekaru stressors. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na wannan nazari, da masu bincike ya dube tarar da kwakwalwarmu waɗanda suka lokacin da yake rayuwa sha wahala daga Alzheimer ta cutar ko Huntington ta kuma samu daidai da wannan sakamako na gene a kan tsufa daga cikin kwakwalwa. Yana da daraja ambaton cewa wannan gene zama tasiri a lõkacin da ta kai shekara 65, a gaban dukan mutane ne a kan wannan matakin.