Hazel - jakin, ko wata bishiya? Description Hazel da hotuna

A 'yan qasar na Asia Ƙananan, filbert (hazelnut) ya yada zuwa tsakiyar Turai, gandun daji na Caucasus, da Amurka da kuma Canada. Wakilin na iyali Birch, saboda ta musamman dandano da kyau kwarai ado, ya dade da aikata da girmamawa daga growers, a duniya. Samu al'ada, da aka sani a karkashin sunan har yanzu hazelnuts, girma a kan wani m sikelin a kudancin yankunan. Wild bushes aka samu a cikin gandun daji na Kudu Ural da kuma Perm yankin, da Caucasus Mountains. Yau bari mu magana game da abin da yake Hazel ne jakin ko bishiya, yadda aka girma da kuma amfani? Mun koyi game da iri da kuma rarraba shuke-shuke a duniya, game da intricacies na kula da su, kara da yawan aiki da kuma na ado halaye.

Hazel: Wannan shrub ko bishiya?

Hazel shrub hadawa tseren, amma daga cikin fiye da 20 jinsin daga cikin wakilan akwai itatuwa. Alal misali, kai kwayoyi, wanda za a tattauna kara - wani m misali na itace, da tsayi da kuma siririn, tare da kyau siffar da kambi. Duk da haka, mafi jinsunan Hazel - duk wannan bushes, daji siffofin wanda ya samar da wani m undergrowth a deciduous gandun daji. The fi na kowa, kuma yana da babban darajar tattalin arziki na gandun daji Hazel ko na kowa Hazel. Ban sha'awa na tarihi da asalin kalmar "Hazel." Wannan 'yan qasar Rasha sunan zo daga kamance lura da leaf siffar shrub form tare da lake kifi bream jiki, da aka sani tun lokacin da Rusich breadwinner.

Mene ne Hazel?

Mafiya yawa jinsunan Hazel tana nufin deciduous shrub tare da manyan taso bar m arziki koren launi. Hazel o ƙarin don zafi, m m kasa na deciduous gandun daji da kuma shi ne quite jituwa tare da su mazauna: itatuwan oak, elms, maples, a mamayar da a undergrowth, kuma sau da yawa kafa m bango. Daji iri na Hazel - shi branched shrub da yawa mai tushe zuwa daga rootstock. A tsawo da suka isa 3-5 mita. Bushes iya ninka vegetatively (cuttings da scions) ko tsaba - kwayoyi. Fara kai 'ya'yan itace a 6-7 shekaru a lokacin da iri haifuwa, a 4 ga watan shekara - a lokacin vegetative haifuwa. Summer daji Hazel bar saukin gano da ciwon da m siffar da kuma ado a gefen kananan hakora da kuma kaifi tip. Hazel leaf bambanta dan kadan m ga tabawa irin zane.

M al'ada Hazel - shi ne mai shrub 5-6 mita high tare da m haushi, da launi na wanda dabam daga grayish zuwa launin ruwan kasa terracotta tabarau. Sun harbe yawanci fentin a launin toka-kore sautunan, cike da koyaswa kananan yellowish specks. Sun harbe a bayyanar shi ne kama da phony harbe, shi ya bambanta kawai a isasshe m pubescence. Harbe Hazel ne sauki Mix da Elm. Kuma ganye, haushi da kuma su ne sosai kama a launi da kuma irin zane. Amma akwai bambance-bambance. A Elm, kamar real itace, ko da yaushe daya kawai akwati, da kuma matasa harbe na Hazel ne m, wanda shi ne halayyar da daji. Bugu da kari, Hazel m launin toka-kore buds, da kuma a Elm - m da kuma nuna.

Features irin

Hazel - jakin ko itacen, na zuwa wani monoecious shuka, amma tare da samuwar raba namiji da mace fure a kan wannan al'ada. Namiji furanni ne catkins, suka hallara a taushi rawaya inflorescences, kama Birch ko alder catkins. Aza a watan Yuni da Yuli, su ne riga a fili a bayyane a cikin fall da kuma Bloom a farkon spring, da zaran da shuka perezimuet. Iska Picks sama da daukawa pollen.

Mace inflorescences ne kusan ganuwa. Kunsha na kananan, tam guga man juna launuka, su ne a cikin mufuradi koda, kamar yadda kafa a baya kakar. A lokacin flowering leafy flakes rufe da Inflorescence, motsa baya, kyale su kama hirtsinta ɗauke da iska, mai katako na mai haske ja stigmas.

iri Hazel

Rhode Hazel, lambobi game da 20 jinsin, wakilta daban-daban al'adu. duk suna da daban-daban, amma da yawa nau'in halin high sanyi juriya da kuma tsawon rai. Hazel ne unpretentious, ke tsiro a kan wani iri-iri na kasa, amma ya samu nasarar ci gaba da kuma ba da 'ya'ya a cikin mafi m kasa. Ko da kuwa da irin goro (shi ne wani shrub ko bishiya) hygrophilous, amma wuce haddi ruwa shi ba ya bukatar. The girma na shi ne iya yin dan kadan inuwa, amma a bude rana wurare na ado da kuma hazelnut amfanin ƙasa a matsayin babban matsayin yiwu. Ga wasu irin hazels.

kowa Hazel

Wannan jinsin aka wakilta wani babban Multi-hankulan shrub har zuwa 4-6 mita a tsawo tare da m yada kambi. A musamman alama ne da irin shuke-shuke Bloom kafin leafing. Shi ya sa ƙudan zuma ne haka m na Hazel. 'Yan kunnen zinariya Hazel, bayyana tun kafin taro flowering itatuwa da kuma shrubs, ga ƙudan zuma taimaka wa warke bayan dogon hunturu. Hazel bar talakawa maras ban sha'awa kore, da mayar da haske, a cikin kaka - rawaya tare. Girmancin Hazel m. A farkon shekaru shi tasowa sannu a hankali. A 5-6, da shekara ne sharply a girma, forming mai yawa matasa harbe. A yanayi, da gandun daji hazelnut bazu ko'ina a Turai ƙasa na Rasha da kuma Crimean sashin a Yammacin Turai da kuma Caucasus.

Bear goro ko filbert itãciya

Bear goro - wani wakilin itace, distracting daga overall tsarin-zumunta shrubs. Wannan talakawan size itace 15-20 mita tsawo da kuma kambi diamita har zuwa 6-8 mita, ciwon siririn kara kyau.

M shirokopiramidalnaya kambi na itace da kyau da kuma daban-daban daga cikin sauran iri rawanin m duhu kore foliage cewa Bloom sosai a farkon da kuma nace a kan rassan. Hazel - itace, ya rufe tare da whitish-m haushi, fita kunkuntar faranti. Bear Nut ne na girma da sauri, inuwa-hujja da kuma sanyi-resistant, shi ne ba tsoro na fari, amma ya tasowa mafi alhẽri a cikin kasa hadu tare da humus. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - kwayoyi peculiar irin, tare da mai laushi kunsa, dissected cikin bakin ciki yanka kaya. Hazel itace ne mai rare, ko undemanding al'ada: shi ne sauƙin aka daidaita, ta rayuwa Hasashen kai shekaru 200, kuma ya mayar da ta layering da tsaba. Wild Hazel - itacen, wanda aka samu a cikin Caucasus da Balkans, a Asiya Ƙananan. Hazel itacen - a rare baƙo a cikin deciduous dutsen gandun daji. A Rasha al'adu ne kare a reserves. Bear irin goro ado, cikakke ga ado na tituna da kuma lungu, shi ne tasiri a mikakke plantings.

Lombard goro (Filbert)

Monumentally tsayi Hazel daji tare da m mike rassan launin toka, girma har zuwa mita 10 a tsawo. A ganye ne taso da jagged gefuna. Lombard irin goro - da al'adun thermophilic, hunturu hardiness a ta low. Horar da tun lokacin da nuciferous daji, Filbert kowa a cikin Balkans da kuma Asiya Ƙananan.

Daji samar m pubescent shekara-shekara harbe. A ganye da wannan al'ada broadly, kusan zagaye har zuwa 10-12 cm a diamita, zuciya-dimbin yawa a tushe, kawo karshen wani gajeren da kuma kaifi koli. M ado ne manyan maza 'yan kunne, kai goma santimita. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari samar da nonnan soket, a cikinsa akwai iya zama har zuwa 8 kare Fluffy tubular wrapper.

Lombard irin goro ne magabacin horar da irin hazelnuts, da masana'antu darajar. Shi ne m at tasowa hadu m, iska-permeable kasa da kuma sau da yawa yana amfani da gyara shimfidar wuri a matsayin ornamental shrub.

Krasnolistnyh nau'i na Hazel

Irin wannan siffofin Hazel sosai m saboda sabon abu itãce launi da kuma ne multicore, high (har zuwa 4 mita) shrub tare da duhu purple bar manyan, kunsa fetal ja tsakiya da kuma goro launin ruwan hoda a launukansa. Krasnolistnyh Hazel - daji ne musamman na ado. Amma shi mai gaskiya kudancin kasar, da kuma mai tsanani winters temperate latitudes Rasha hallakaswa domin wadannan iri hazelnut. Duk da haka, hunturu Warming bada sakamako mai kyau: shuka tsira, amma ba ya Bloom da kuma ba da 'ya'ya. Bar baya da kawai wani ado aiki, shi halitta na musamman da ambiance a yankin.

Hazel Manchu

Sanyi-resistant da kuma sosai inuwa m Hazel Manchu kowa a cikin Far East, Primorye, Korea, arewacin kasar Sin. Shin jakin har zuwa 4-5 mita tsawo tare da wani karfi da mahara sashe harbe. Shi ne sananne ga warkar Properties 'ya'yan itatuwa da kuma na ado halaye: haushi ruwan kasa sautunan, densely pubescent matasa harbe, ya fita da isasshe m - duhu kore a cikin bazara, kaka acquire marmari haske orange ko zinariya sautunan. A 'ya'yan itace Hazel Manchu - nuna goro da cewa shi ne mai daraja a kasar Sin magani ga babban anti-kumburi halaye.

Asian Hazel

Shrub cewa ya kai mita uku high, tare da m, yada kambi. Asian Hazel samu da sunan da daga ganyen canza launi inuwõyinta suna kusa, a wani guda girma kakar. A ganye suna unusually dimbin yawa, m obovate da uku prongs a saman a blooming ne terracotta inuwa a lokacin rani - m duhu ganye da zinariya-orange palette ƙunsa Hazel kaka. Asian Hazel kyau kwarai canja wurin, ko da wani matsanancin fari, sanyi resistant, ya bambanta sosai farkon fruiting. Irin soyayya da haske, amma wasu pritenenie shan wahala zare jiki. Tartsatsi a gabashin Siberia, a yankin Asia, da Far Eastern yankuna na Rasha. Samu a cikin undergrowth na gauraye da kuma Pine gandun daji, kazalika da gefuna, clearings, a kan gangara na tuddai, forming impenetrable thickets.

Corylus cornuta

Lush multicore shrub, ba fiye da mita uku high, samu da sunan da daga irin matsanancin tubular 'ya'yan wrappers, shigar da shi da kuma juya up a tube cewa yayi kama da kananan Kakakin. A pubescent kafafu aka shirya Kadaitaccen ko guda biyu kashe. Kwayoyi manyan (1.5 cm), edible, amma yana da wuya a ware daga wrapper. View Hardy kuma undemanding.

Horar tun 1745. A yanayi, da shuka ne na kowa a cikin gabashin ɓangare na North American jihohi.

aikace-aikace

Hazel ne mai girma a matsayin ornamental shuka. Ana amfani da a babban tini plantings da Hedges. Amma a kudancin Hazel girma a matsayin abinci amfanin gona. Hazelnuts - wani samfurin na sinadirai masu darajar high. Yana mayar da hankali abubuwa dole ga jiki: sunadarai, fats, carbohydrates, kusan duk B bitamin, kazalika da kewayon macro- kuma gano abubuwa da kuma musamman mahadi. A cikin masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci ya al'ada irin goro ne m saboda da sinadirai masu darajar high da kyau kwarai da dandano. Shi ne ba makawa a samar da confectionery da daban-daban sweets, da ake amfani da matsayin filler a yi na cakulan, cream, caramel, kuma icing. Yanki ƙawãtacce hazelnuts - a fi so matuqar wahala qwarai da yawa.

Nau'in na shuka Hazel (daji da kuma horar) mallaka kyau kwarai ado halaye da kuma endows dadi da lafiya 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.