Free oscillation

Oscillatory matakai - daya daga cikin na kowa mamaki a cikin yanayi. Karatunsu da hannu daban-daban bangarorin ilimi, musamman kimiyyar lissafi. Don amsa wannan tambaya na abin da ake kira free oscillations, ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan category ne mai tunani a cikin binciken na dukan iri-iri na oscillatory mamaki cewa faruwa a yanayi.

Akwai da wadannan iri, classified bisa ga wadannan dalilai.

Jiki yanayi rarrabe vibrations inji, electromagnetic da kuma gauraye, hada da siffofin ambata.

By hanyar gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu, a muhallin emit vibrations:

- tilasta, cewa shi ne, waɗanda aka yi kira da zo a ƙarƙashin rinjayar daban-daban iri waje disturbances mahalli wanda suke faruwa. A lokaci guda dole ne bi da sharuddan na periodicity na wadannan disturbances.

- free oscillations, da ake kira ko da nasu, wanda aka qaddamar da ciki halaye na tsarin da kuma wanda nuna dauri attenuation lokacin da mataki na ciki sojojin ceases ko rage-rage.

- oscillations - irin wanda ake da halin da kasancewar wani tsarin iya aiki (m makamashi), bayar da cin kwallo oscillations. Home fiye da free oscillations bambanta daga oscillations, da mawadãta dogara ne ba magana a kan na farko ƙarfi daga cikin bada bugun jini, da kuma halaye na jiki tsarin.

- siga - shi vibrations wanda ake generated a karkashin m aiki oscillating tsarin na wani siga doguwar bayyanuwar na yanayi Properties.

- bazuwar hawa da sauka, sũ ne waɗanda wanda aiki a kan oscillatory aiwatar dalilai ne bazuwar, ba parametric a yanayi.

Summing up wadannan halaye, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa, a cikin mafi general nau'i hawa da sauka - wannan an maimaita a yau da kullum jinkiri canza wasu daga cikin tsarin game da ta ma'auni jihar. Mafi na kowa yankunan manifestations oscillatory matakai a cikin yanayi ne inji mamaki, sunadarai, kalaman da lantarki, ilmin taurari, da kuma sauran electromagnetic. A na kowa alama na duk, ba tare da togiya, vibration halaye, shi ne cewa su ne kai tsaye da alaka da samar da makamashi mika mulki - da canji na daya nau'i na makamashi cikin wani.

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, masomin gudanar da bincike kan yanayin da oscillatory tafiyar matakai, shi ne nazarin irin nau'in yadda free oscillations. Su na asali halaye ne da wadannan:

- amplitude (A) - iyakar darajar da bambancin da tsarin daga ta ma'auni jihar (da aka fi amfani nuna alama daga cikin talakawan darajar).

- lokaci (T) - a wasu lokaci a lokacin da yana yiwuwa su kafa maimaitawa tsarin jihohi.

- halitta mita (f) - yawan vibrations, wanda ya sa da tsarin ga wasu lokaci naúrar. Wannan siga da aka auna a hertz (Hz).

Da dangantakar da wadannan sigogi daidai da dabara cewa characterizes free vibration a matsayin sabon abu. Domin daban-daban vibrational tsarin sigogi a cikin wannan dabara suke kunshe a daban-daban haduwa, dangane da abin da musamman tsarin karkashin shawara.

Alal misali, a cikin sauki resonant kewaye lokaci da kuma mita suna da alaka da: f = 1 / T, daga gare shi ne, bayyananne cewa lokaci da kuma mita ne kishiya dabi'u.

Idan muka yi la'akari da free oscillations cewa faruwa a cikin irin wannan tsarin, wanda ake gyarawa statically Spring, wanda yana da wasu elasticity (k), akwai kamata roko ga Newton ta biyu doka. Ba ta dabara da ta nuna da vibrational Properties na wannan tsarin zama: F = -kx. Wannan ya nuna cewa idan muka yi watsi da dabi'u na sojojin na gogayya da kuma nauyi dauka a matsayin m darajar, irin wannan tsarin zai yaushe oscillate da wannan lokaci, har ma da daban-daban amplitudes kuma na farko da yanayi na abin da ya faru.