Rasha Janar Kutepov Aleksandr Pavlovich: A Biography, suka bauta wa a White Army, memory

Shahararren soja shugaban na White motsi Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov aka haife Satumba 28, 1882 a Cherepovets a wani suna fadin da kuma inconspicuous a lardin na aikin. Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma makaranta shekaru, yaron ya tafi da nisa arewacin Arkhangelsk. Kananan iyali dũkiya sanar da Alexander zuwa kaskantattu Spartan rayuwa - basira da za a yi amfani da shi a cikin wuya sabis.

farkon shekaru

A 1902, bayan kammala karatu daga nahawu makaranta Arkhangelsk gaba janar Kutepov shiga located in St. Petersburg, Vladimir soja makaranta. High-makaranta kwarewa a yarda saurayi da saukin shawo kan msar tambayar hanya. Duk da haka, ya kasance mai rauni - rawar soja. Kutepov fuskanci matsaloli da hankula dukkan matasa da hannu a cikin soja makarantu na farar hula, cibiyoyin. Amma duk da matsaloli, ka sadu da shi a wani sabon mataki na rayuwa, Alexander sun jimre wa dukan kalubale. Taimake shi da matakai tenacity da kuma juriyarsu, wanda tuni a adult rai ba kawai tsĩrar da General.

A shekara ta 1904, Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov sauke karatu daga kwalejin, kuma ya kasance wani na biyu leftana a cikin 85th dakaru rajimanti na Vyborg. Bayan 'yan watanni a cikin gargajiya bikin Grand Duke Konstantin sanya shi ga sergeants manyan.

A Japan War

Ba jima da Alexander Kutepov yi wa hidima a matsayin Rasha-Japanese yaki. Da zarar na gaba, nan da nan ya tambaye su zama a kan nasu himma Scout kwansu da kwarkwatansu. Ba da da ewa matasa wadanda ba izini jami'in bambanta kansa a lokacin harin a kan outpost na Japan. Ya detachment da suka samu m kofuna (bindiga da na'ura-bindigogi). M shugaban Vyborg rajimanti wani dan uwan na Rasha tsar Kayzer Vilgelm. Ya aka bayar da Order na Jamus Crown Kutepov. Ya lura Scout da kuma 'yan qasar iko. A lokacin da na Rasha-Japanese War Aleksandr Kutepov samu cikin Order of St. Stanislaus 3rd digiri, St. Anne ta 4-th digiri da St. Vladimir 4-th digiri.

A karshen na jini rikici a Far East, kere Scout ya yi horo da sabuwar recruits. Komowa zuwa Rasha, ya fara shiga cikin juyin juya halin Musulunci events (a kan bango na da gazawar da yaki da Japan a kasar juyin juya halin ya barke a 1905). Future janar Kutepov aka hawa a kan jirgin kasa, a lokacin da jirgin kasa tsaya disgruntled wasan da kuma sanar da halittar nasu kasar. A soja da aka ba su riƙi aback, kuma suka taru, da goyon bayan masu biyayya sojoji sun kama wani sauyi kwamitin, rioted a wata tashar jirgin.

firgita shekaru

Tun farkon yakin duniya na farko Aleksandr Kutepov jagoranci 4th kamfanin na Preobrazhensky rajimanti. Agusta 20, 1914 yaki a Vladislavovo ƙare rauni a gare shi. Ba da da ewa, jami'in da gano da kuma dauki bangare a dama nasara ayyukan da Jamus. A kan Hauwa'u na juyin juya hali, ya zama wani kanar.

A watan Fabrairu 1917, Kutepov ya dogon-jiran hutu da kuma ya isa a Petrograd. Abin lura shi ne cewa shi ne kawai jami'in da ya daraja (kanar), kokarin dakatar da halitta Metropolitan tawaye, wanda ƙare tare da abdication na sarki. Duk da haka, da kungiyar, wanda gudanar da tattara Kutepov, ya ma kananan kan backdrop na disaffected 'yan ƙasa Petrograd talakawa.

Sake a gaban

Bayan da Fabrairu juyin juya halin, jami'in da ya koma aiki da taƙawa. A watan Afrilu, ya jagoranci Life Guards rajimanti. By lokacin wannan samuwar ya kusan kawai m fili a gaban. Sauran part bazu a karkashin mataki na anti-yaki da kuma neman sauyi agitation.

A halin yanzu Preobrazhensky rajimanti dauki bangare a breakout Tarnopolsky. A lokacin wannan aiki, Yuli 7, 1917 Kutepov sake bambanta kansa da yaƙi a kusa da kauyen na Mszana. Domin ya feats, ya samu cikin Order of St. George 3rd digiri. A Preobrazhensky rajimanti Aleksandra Kutepova sunan ya zama synonymous da? Arfi, da shi ga aikin da sadaukarwa da sabis da Mahaifa, mahaifiyata.

A kudu

Tare da zuwan na Bolshevik sojojin, wadda suka yi yaƙi da Jamus da Austriya-Hungary, a karshe rushe. A Disamba 1917, Kutepov bar gaban da ya tafi Kiev. A cikin "uwar Rasha birane", ya shiga cikin gudummuwar Army. The aiki lokaci na yakin basasa ya ba tukuna fara. Abokan adawar ajiye su ƙarfi da shirya domin zubar da jini.

Karshen 1917 - farkon 1918. nan gaba janar Kutepov da aka gudanar a Taganrog, inda ya zama shugaban karamar sansanin. Akwai ya yi jihãdi da Red Guards. A watan Janairu na shekarar 1918, White gudanar ya karya da zanga-Bolshevik sojoji a wani karo a Matveyev Kurgan. Bisa ga kwamandan a manyan Anton Denikin, shi ne na farko da manyan yakin da yakin basasa.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa, tsakanin shi da Kutepov akwai wani sa na akida da rigingimu. Denikin aka kafa fairly m, yayin da Alexander Pavlovich ko da yaushe ya nuna jin monarchist views. Duk da haka, duk da sabani game da yadda ya kamata a yanayin ikon, Kutepov ya ko da yaushe goyon bayan kwamandan a manyan a soja da al'amura.

a kan Bolsheviks

Tun daga farko, duk da jami'an a sabis na fadar White Army da aka musamman wuya da kuma m. A apotheosis na tausayi yanayi na yaki ne "Ice" yaƙi da Kuban (Fabrairu - Mayu 1918). A wannan aiki, Kutepov An jagorancin daya daga cikin jami'an na rajimanti ta bakinsa. A watan Afrilu, ya fara umarce Kornilov rajimanti, sa'an nan - na farko dakaru Division.

A watan Nuwamba, Alexander Pavlovich zama Major General. A kan Hauwa'u na da fari sojojin dauki Novorossiysk, kuma Denikin aka nada soja gwamnan Black Sea Kutepov. Wannan zabi da jũna m ga mutane da yawa, a matsayin kyaftin ya taba kafin yana da hali a kan su mulki ga farar hula.

A cikin sabon matsayi wani jami'in tsunduma a wani rumbun-shiryar hanya. Ya uncompromising matakan yaƙi da maƙiyan da fari gwamnatin zo da za a da aka sani da "Kutepov." Soja gwamnan a lura da tsaro da kwanciyar hankali na samar da Novorossiysk, shirya waje majiɓinta. Lokacin da ta zama babban tashar jiragen ruwa na tushe na waje samar da fari motsi. Kutepov shirya wani sabon hedkwatar kuma sanya shi shugaban Nikolaya De Roberti. Ya zama hannun dama na Alexander Pavlovich da haƙĩ ya soja dokoki.

A kai na "canza launin" regiments

A Janairu 1919, riga da sanannun Rasha janar jagoranci 1st Army Corps, wanda sarrafa a cikin Donets Basin. Hunturu da kuma bazara sun bar zuwa regroup kuma sojojin tsaro gabashin Ukraine. Yana wani lokaci na tsanani da tashin hankali na duk sojojin na gudummuwar Army.

Denikin ta dangantaka da yawa abokan aiki bar yawa da za a so (musamman nervousness bambanta da dangantakarsa da Wrangel). Saboda haka, kwamandan a manyan wakili Kutepov (bayan da oda shi ne ba da shugaban rundunar) mafi iko. A musamman, Denikin ba shi da wani "canza launin" regiments - ainihin White Army Guard.

Zabi saboda Kutepov da wani suna a matsayin m zartarwa da warriors, shi ne ba su da sha'awar a harkokin siyasa. Kuma shi sosai shi ne saboda haka. Duk da yake wasu shared kashe bear ta fata da kuma tattauna siyasa nan gaba 'yanci daga Rasha Bolsheviks, general yi masa wuya gaba-line kasuwanci.

A karshe lokaci na yakin basasa

Kwamandan sojojin sake nuna halayensa na musamman a lokacin da Kharkov aiki. Domin rarrabe sabis ya aka sanya a Laftanar Janar. Ba da da ewa shi ya fara da m on Moscow gudummuwar Army. A yakin da zamanin d babban birnin kasar Janar Kutepov umarci wata kungiyar soja, wanda ya kai Eagle. Sa'an nan shake aiki da bi tattara zuwa ga nisa Novorossiysk. Duk da shan kashi bayan da Rasha janar ya ya iya kula da yãƙi damar zama ƙarƙashin sa kai rarrabuwa - Markov, Kornilov, Alexeyev da Drozdovskaya.

A cikin bazara na 1920 Kutepov yana cikin Crimea, inda Baron Wrangel nada shi shugaban daya daga cikin na karshe fari gine-gine. A shugaban samuwar jami'in da ya tafi zuwa ga ta faɗa dukan na Arewa Tavria. Duk da kokarin da Alexander ta da sauran shahararren soja shugabannin White motsi, da Bolsheviks ci gaba da m. A watan Nuwamba, 1920, Kutepov aka kwashe daga Crimea.

ƙaura

White Guard Janar Kutepov, wanda biography wani misali ne na expellees Soviet ikon abokan gaba, a farko zamansu a Gallipoli. Akwai sõyayya a duk tsira da Wrangel sojojin. A Disamba 1921, Kutepov da jikinsa juya sama a Bulgaria. Local Gwamnati ta kama shi, sai ya fitar daga kasar. Yaki ya koma {asar Yugoslavia, inda ya zama Mataimakin Shugaban na Rasha Army.

A 1924, Janar Kutepov da matarsa Lidiya Davydovna Kyut zauna a Paris. The jami'in ya fara bauta wa a cikin Grand Duke Nicholas, wanda a mafi yawan fari ƙaura aka dauke da shugaban na kõre House of Romanov. Great-kawu na karshe Rasha tsar nada shugaban sanannen jami'in EMRO - Rasha Soja Union.

Abin da ya yi a cikin sabon matsayi Alexander Kutepov? Janar kafa dangane da m anti-Soviet kungiyoyin aiki a kan ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet. Ya yi fatan cewa, tare da taimakon su, idan ba ka sarrafa kifar da Bolsheviks, ko da yake da ikon haifar da matsaloli da yawa. Duk da haka Kutepov shirin daga farkon gazawa.

mutuwa

"Anti-Soviet kungiyar" Kwayoyin aka halitta musamman domin jami'an tsaro farautar saukar da kawar da aiki shugabannin Rasha ƙaura a Turai. A mafi tsanani gazawar Kutepov ya ya yi hadin gwiwa tare da 'Trust', wanda aka gudanar management na OGPU.

Janairu 26, 1930 Alexander Pavlovich sace jamiái na Soviet m. Tsoro aiki da aka yi a Paris. Tun a wannan rana, kuma an dauki ranar Kutepov ta mutuwa, ko da yake cikin yanayi na rekõdinsa kasance wani al'amari na muhawara masana tarihi. A Soviet zamanin, bayanai game White Guard generals aka classified a matsayin "m."

Kawai a 1989 an bayar da rahoton cewa Kutepov mutu a kan Bolshevik steamer Kore shi a Novorossiysk. An yi imani da cewa jami'in da ya mutu da wani ciwon zuciya (yiwu ta dalilin ya wuce kima kashi na morphine gabatar captors). A wani version na White Guard har yanzu dauka zuwa Moscow, inda ya hallaka a Lubyanka.

memory

Yau, akwai akalla daya tunawa ga Janar Kutepov. An located a kan babban Rasha hurumi a Paris Sainte- Genebiebe-des-Bois. Kusa da shi da aka gina a cenotaph general. Kabarin ya zauna a can, shi aikin wani m aiki.

Yaki bar wani memoirs, fãce ta mayar da shi da yawa Sahaban da gwarazansa a cikin yakin basasa wahalhalunsa da hijirarsa. Memoirs Janar aka buga a Rasha a cikin 2000s. A littafin ya nuna abin da yake ainihin wani rabin manta compatriots Aleksandr Pavlovich Kutepov. Quotes daga jawabansa a gaban kuma muhimmanci tattaunawa tare da fadar White Army abokan aiki gabatar da wani musamman fresco events Rasha hargitsi.