Champagne (giya). Champagne da kuma kyalkyali giya

Champagne ruwan inabi - wani giya abin sha, ba tare da wanda ba kudin, babu grand idi, daga bikin aure bikin da kuma kawo karshen tare da Sabuwar Shekara. Allahntaka dandano da ba kwantantuwa dandano jũya kawunan kyau Ladies dukan ƙasashe. Duk da haka, maza ma son zuwa SIP shampen ruwan inabi adalci shirkin da shi tare da alatu da kuma dũkiya, kuma mafi muhimmanci - a hutu.

Abin da irin abin sha - shampen, farashin wanda za a iya isa har zuwa 17.625 daloli a kowace kwalban? Bari mu koyi game da wannan duniya shahara barasa kome - daga tarihi da kuma kawo karshen tare da jerin iri.

Sana'a daga lardin

A tarihin wannan musamman abin sha fara game da 350 da suka wuce, a cikin Champagne yankin, wanda aka located a arewa maso gabashin kasar Faransa. The m ƙasar na yankin horar da 'ya'yan inabi, wanda ba ta tafi ba kawai don fitarwa amma kuma a itacen oak ganga cewa daga baya juya a cikin wani m ruwan inabi. Da farko, winemakers a Champagne aka samar na musamman ja giya, gaba daya kyalewa ruwan hoda da fari.

Wine da harafin

A Mas'ala ta ja ruwan inabi daga gonakin inabin Champagne shi ne cewa su inexplicably samun kadan Carbonated. A kumfa ba da abin sha na musamman da dandano, lightness da m dandano. Duk da haka, saboda su giya shiga mataki na sakandare fermentation, sakamakon da ganga cikin abin da aka adana, a zahiri sun yanyanke. Transfussion a gilashin kwantena kuma iya ba ajiye halin da ake ciki - su ganuwar bai iya tsayayya irin wannan high matsin lamba. lakabi da "shaidan" ya "explosiveness" shampen ruwan inabi.

Weather-fitina

Winemakers aka rasa a kan jĩfa game da dalilin irin wannan wani bakon tsari da ya faru da su kayayyakin, da kuma kawai zo daya ƙarshe: sauyin yanayi ne ya zargi! Gaskiyar cewa yanayin a Champagne ya m da kuma unpredictable - dumi kwanaki, ba zato ba tsammani ya hanya zuwa sanyi, tare da ruwan sama da kuma nauyi iska. Sanyi karye tsaya fermentation tsari, yayin da a cikin ruwan inabi har yanzu ya kasance ba gaba daya fermented sugar. Deep daskare ne sharply maye gurbinsu da zafi, da kuma ruwan inabi ya fara ferment sake, kuma tare da ramuwa. A sakamakon haka, da carbon dioxide maida hankali a cikin ruwan inabi transmarginal kai a kalla, kuma wannan ya kai ga wani fashewa da ganga da rasploskivaniyu m abin sha.

m winemaker

Kuma idan ga nazarin ruwan inabi-yin tsari da aka ba da alaka m Dom Per Perinon, wanda ba kawai ƙaunar da abin sha, amma kuma ya kasance wani talented winemaker da kuma babban taster, za mu taba koyi abin da shampen ruwan inabi - winemakers ne gaji da m gwagwarmaya tare da "fashewar harafin" na giya nectar kuma tsaya ta masana'antu.

Yana da aka Dom Pérignon sanya wata babbar gudunmawar da kimiyya na lafiya shampen ruwan inabi samar, don nazarin aiwatar da blending da fermentation. Bugu da kari, ya zama na farko da winemakers suka yi farin giya daga blue kuma ja inabi, da ya zo sama a zuba su kayayyakin cikin gilashin kwalabe, corking da tieing su tare da oiled igiya. Wannan hanya ba damar da kwalabe ga fashe, kuma sũ, a amince adana for shekaru da dama.

asirin Perignon

Af, wani enterprising Perignon shampen kiyaye girke-girke na giya a cikin tsanani halin asiri, amma yanzu ya san kowane factory na kyalkyali giya. Ta yaya wannan ya faru? Gaske mai girma winemaker zube da wake? Far daga shi!

Gaskiyar cewa dukan na Faransa ne a zahiri damu da wani irin shampen - shi ne fi so abin sha daga dukan mutanen da suka iya iya shi. Duk da haka, babu wani daga cikin ruwan inabi mai yi ba zai iya yin kyalkyali ruwan inabi m - hanyar da ya aikata Dom Perignon. Man, alas, ba zai iya rayuwa har abada, kuma sanannen winemaker iya ba tafi a mafi kyau a duniya, ya bar aikinsa mutane ba tare da ya Laifi. Saboda haka ya tambayi abokinsa, da Abbe Zhana Godino, rubuta duk bayanai na sirri da fasaha. Bayan rasuwar M. Perignon Abbe Godinot wallafa wani littafi a cikin abin da cikakken shampen masana'antu tsari da aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, suka fara da zabin da inabi da kuma kawo karshen taga view, daga abin da kwalabe dole ne kerarre for ajiya da kuma harkokin sufuri. Saboda haka na ƙarshe nufin wani talented winemaker da aka yi.

mai muhimmanci da fitarwa

Bayan wani lokaci, samar da shampen ruwan inabi a Faransa sa a grand sikelin, da kuma kiyaye bequests da kuma abin sha fasahar kamar yadda na gaba sarauta sufetocin, dangane da wani musamman harhada jihar misali - kawai ya sa, baƙi a lokacin.

A shampen da suka zo daga kasar Faransa, a kasashe daban-daban, da jimawa fadi cikin soyayya tare da dukan Turai. A cikin Rasha Empire sihiri sha a 1780, godiya ga Filippu Kliko - Faransa winemakers, wanda ya yi ƙarfin halin aika wani suna fadin kyauta ga Catherine II a cikin wani nau'i na shampen ƙungiya daga nasu shawara. Grand Empress da 'yan rakiyarta ne musamman na son wannan dandano na sha, ba da da ewa kafa kai tsaye samar da shampen daga Faransa da Rasha. Duk da haka, wannan tsari da aka katse - a Faransa, da fara juyin juya halin, da kuma bayan shi - da m Napoleonic yaki, wanda ya shafi Rasha Empire.

mace shampen

Kafa wani kwari wadata da kyalkyali ruwan inabi a Rasha ya zo ne kawai a 1814, da kuma bai yi ba fãce matasa bazawara daga cikin shahararrun Filippa Kliko - Barbe-Nikol Kliko-Ponsandren, wanda aka gangarawa "danna" bayan mijinta mutuwa, renaming samar da shuka fiye da dubu 100 kwalabe na dadi shampen a cikin shekara, a cikin "Veuve Clicquot".

Enterprising Madam rayu tsawon rai, da sadaukarwan ta harka da mijinta. Ta juya shampen "danna" a cikin rare, wani da gaske wurin hutawa sha da aka auna a duniya. Ciniki da Rasha ya kawo Madame Nicole babbar riba - a 1825 kadai, Rasha sha 252.452 kwalabe na kyalkyali ruwan inabi! Babu ball kuma wani muhimmin taron ko wani babban biki ne cikakken ba tare da shampen, wanda a zahiri malalo da yardar kaina.

Bayan Madame Clicquot kan reins da kuma cikakken ikon mallakar gidan "Click" ya shiga karfi hannuwa Eduarda Berne. Matasa da kuma talented winemaker cancanci ci gaba da aiki na Madame da Monsieur, wanda ya kafa ma'aikata na duniya shahararru - Champagne "Clicquot" shi ne misali na quality, alatu, ladabi da kyau iyawa ba kawai a Faransa amma kuma yanzu bayan ta kan iyakoki.

France a Rasha

Famous zuwa wannan rana "Soviet" shampen fara nuna a kan Rasha bude sarari a cikin karni na 20th, su zama daidai - a cikin 30s. The gwamnatin sarki janyo hankalin cewa shampen masu Anton Frolov-Bagreeva azabta shi, da zaran yiwu kafa samar da shampen ruwan inabi domin fadi da rarraba ga talakawa.

"Soviet" shampen samar da kara fasaha da kuma ke sayarwa a cikin 26 kwanaki bayan da farkon samar. A palate, wannan shampen ya ba muni fiye da kasashen waje, kuma ta farashin ya samuwa ga kowa da kowa.

Sacrament na samarwa

Ta yaya za a iya sa shampen a zamaninmu?

A mataki na farko - sayan inabi, wanda dole ne dan kadan m, kuma, da bambanci ga mellow, yana da babban acid. Na kowane innabi matsi da ruwan 'ya'yan itace da kuma zuba shi a cikin manyan tankunan yaki domin fermentation da kuma samar da wani ruwan inabi tushe.

Bayan nan, ruwan inabi sanduna na daban-daban innabi iri suna gauraye da juna, gano wani m hade. Wannan tsari shine ake kira blending - shi wajibi ne don inganta dandano na shampen.

Sa'an nan, sakamakon cakuda da aka kara a dama rabbai sukari da kuma yisti, na kwalba da kuma sanya tsananin a kwance matsayi. Yana fara aiwatar da biyu fermentation, wanda yana game da wani shekara. A wannan lokaci, wani kwalban shampen tare da wani nan gaba mataki-mataki saukar da juye. Wannan mataki da aka kira wani kyakkyawan kalmar "remuage" kuma wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa duk precipitate rũgũguwar fita a kusa da wuyansa daga cikin kwalbar.

Lokacin da wannan ya faru, da saura dole ne a cire a hankali - wannan tsari shine ake kira "disgorging". Wannan "yanka" kawai ta gaskiya kwararru!

Bayan da pellet aka hankali cire, cikin kwalbar cakuda ruwan inabi kuma sugar, sa'an nan tam shãfe haske da kuma bar for 'yan watanni har sai da cikakken dafa shi.

Saboda haka, samar da tsada irin ƙaunataccen "celebratory" sha, gami da ja, da fari da kuma ruwan hoda shampen. Wannan abin sha ne haka na kowa a kan mu Tables. More cheap shampen, wanda farashin farawa daga 200 rubles da kwalban, samar da wani kara hanya.

A dandano da launi ...

Af, mai shampen launi dogara da innabi iri-iri. Abin mamaki, shi ne sau da yawa fari shampen sanya daga inabi ja, berries latsa haka cewa ruwan 'ya'yan itace ba a lamba tare da fenti fata, in ba haka ba juya ja shampen. Amma m shampen hanyoyi biyu - ko dai da damar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na wani dan gajeren lokaci zuwa hulɗa tare da fata, ko kuma kara da farin giya kadan ja.

Mutane da yawa suka yi ĩmãni shampen kyalkyali ruwan inabi, da imani da cewa shi ne wannan abu. A gaskiya, wannan gaskiya ne, sai dai cewa shampen iya rightfully a kira kawai ruwan inabi sanya a cikin Champagne AOC karkashin m iko. Sauran ersatz shampen - shi ne ma mai kyau a ci, amma har yanzu da saba kyalkyali ruwan inabi, wanda farashin farawa daga 200 rubles da kwalban.

A iri-iri maki

Iri na shampen ruwan inabi m iri-iri da kuma ya kasu kashi:

• shampen kayan zaki ya ƙunshi daga 8.5 zuwa 12 grams na sukari da 100 ml.
• shampen semisweet Can rike wani 6-9 grams na sukari a cikin 100 ml.
• shampen semidry iya hada daga 4 zuwa 8 grams na sukari da 100 ml dangane da son na manufacturer.
• Champagne bushe ruwansa 2-5 grams na sukari da 100 ml.
• Karin bushe shampen qunshi kawai 0, 8 grams na sukari a cikin 100 ml ;;
• brut - bambanta mafi ƙasƙanci yawan rabo na grams na sukari da 100 ml - total 0.4.
• Karin Brut - ƙunshi wani sugar a duk.