A babban birnin kasar na Jamhuriyar Adygea. Maikop tarihi da kuma gani (photo)

Maikop - babban birnin na Jamhuriyar Adygea, wani karamin gari a kudancin Rasha, wanda ya bayyana a kan taswirar kasar, a 1857. A lokacin da ya fiye wani karni, ya gudanar ya tafi daga soja zuwa bunkasa kyau, arziki a gani da kuma wuraren ban sha'awa.

Yana offers mai daukan hankali panorama na Caucasus Mountains, da shiru, Tranquil tituna ne mafi kyau dace domin tafiya, da kuma yanayi da kuma wuraren tarihi jawo hankalin masu yawon shakatawa daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Adygea Rasha a kan taswira

Pastoral yankin a kudancin Rasha - aljanna domin geologists, archaeologists da kuma matafiya. Adygeya map ya nuna cewa fiye da 40% na yankunan na gundumar aka rufe da gandun daji - akwai girma Beech, hornbeam, Maple, akwai shafukan na zamanin d kwatanta da Homo sapiens.

Ko a yanzu, tafiya har zuwa ga wurin zama, za ka iya samun guda na tableware da sauran burbushi na baya dazamani. A cikin yankunan duwatsu na jamhuriyar kiyaye megalithic Monuments - dolmens da hurumin Tsakiya Bronze Age.

A zamani lokaci ne biyu birane gundumomi, birni gundumomi na Jamhuriyar Adygea lamba bakwai, uku birane ƙauyuka da kuma fiye da ɗari biyu kananan ƙauyuka. A sauyin yanayi da aka kullum m, hunturu ba sosai sanyi - da talakawan Janairu zazzabi -2˚S. A lokacin rani Yuli iska zazzabi kai + 22˚S.

A cikin mahallin da yankin a cikin wani gundumar iya saduwa da daban-daban climatic zones, da kuma tare da su - da shuke-shuke da dabbobi suna sosai bambancin. Akwai da dama ayyuka na kare yankunan, da dama musamman na halitta Monuments, kasa na halitta shakatawa "Mountain Adygea" yana zuwa nan da nan.

Tun da 1936, wannan ƙasa ne Adygei mai cin gashin kanta. A shekarar 1992, ya zama Jamhuriyar Adygea. A harshen da 'yan asalin yawan - Adyghe, ko da yake akwai fahimta Rasha da kuma kusan dukkan shi ne faɗa.

Mafi yawa daga cikin al'ummar professes Kiristanci ko Musulunci. Duk da haka, babu wani daga cikin addinai ba a unifying ga mazaunan jumhuriya, a matsayin ruhaniya al'adun Adygea ne tushen nauyi a kan adyghe habze - da'a da kuma falsafa rukunan Circassians, game da halin kirki da kuma da'a dokokin, hali zuwa ga dattawa, iyaye, mata, kazalika da bayar da tips a kan hali a wani yanayin da ake ciki da kuma shiri na rigingimu.

Tun da code ba nuna bukatar yin wani addini, amma ba ya hana baro-baro kõwa daga gare su, adyg iya da'awar wani addini ko ya zama wani ikon fassara Mafarki, kuma har yanzu zama Adygeya, yayin da bãyukansu zuwa rukunan.

A cikin sharuddan kasashe da suke zaune a yankin, Adygeya taswirar kama wannan (da ƙidaya data for 2010):

• a cikin yawan Rasha a cikin gubar Giaginsky, Maikop, kuma Krasnogvardeyskiy Takhtamukaysky yankunan.
• Adygeisk a cikin birane gundumar, birnin na da wannan sunan, Teuchezhsky, Shovgenovsky da Koshekhablsky yankunan rayu mafi Adygs.
• da mafi yawan Armenia ya a Maikop gundumar.
• Ukrainians a sosai adadi kaɗan, kasa da 2% na jimlar yawan jama'a, ya rayu a ko'ina, amma mafi yawansu ba su kasance, kamar Rasha, da kuma a Giaginsky Maikop gundumar jarraba.
• da yawan Kurdawa - kamar yadda 13.11% na jimlar yawan - jagoranci Krasnogvardejskij.

A kan backdrop na ban al'ajabi da yanayin da duwãtsu na Caucasus jamhuriyar babban birnin na Adygea kama wani lu'u-lu'u kẽwayesu a wajen gefen kudu na gudãna White kuma Kurdzhips. Saboda haka, idan dabino a bayyane wooded ridges na Caucasus, zurfin ravines da kuma rufe da dusar ƙanƙara-bugawa kololuwa.

Tarihi da babban birnin kasar

A farko ambaci toponym "Maikop" koma zuwa 1825, kuma a 1857 kafa Gaba Kozlovsky soja USAID, ya samu sunan. A farkon seventies na karni na 19th da tabbatarwa daga sami matsayi na wani gari da shi ya zama cibiyar Maikop gundumar, a lokaci guda da soja shugabanci da aka soke, kuma nan da nan ya fara bayyana cibiyoyin - na farko da Mountain School, sa'an nan uku-aji makaranta, ko da daga baya akwai wani real mutum makaranta da kuma birnin library.

A birnin shi aka shagaltar da ta Great Patriotic War, tun Agusta 10, 1942 da kuma kawo karshen Janairu 29, 1943. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da wannan taron May 9, 1967 aka lit madawwamiyar wuta, wadda za a iya gani a cikin birnin a yau.

Bisa ga 2010 ƙidaya, yawan mazaunan a lokacin amounted zuwa 144 249 mutane. A cikin wannan shekara da babban birnin kasar na Jamhuriyar Adygea ya rasa matsayi na tarihi shiri.

yawon shakatawa

Biya ziyara zuwa Maikop kawai a yini ɗaya ko biyu - mai kyau ra'ayin, kuma idan ka kusanci zuwa shirin da hankali, za ka iya ganin sosai ban sha'awa abubuwa. Akwai kamata ba zata maye gurbin ingancin yawa - shi ne mafi alhẽri ziyarci daya ko biyu wurare, amma calmly kuma sannu a hankali.

Na farko shi ne ganin Maikop masallaci: wannan ban mamaki Musulmi coci tare da siririn minarets kuma blue domes - daga gasar, ko da yake an gina kawai a 2000.

Ya kamata ka shakka kokarin da kabilanci samfurin wannan ƙasa - Adygei cuku. Bisa ga dokokin, kawai Rasha, da Jamhuriyar Adygea ne istinbadi m na da irin wannan fermented madara samfurin, da kuma kawai masana'antun a cikin wannan yanki iya kiran su samfurin Adygei cuku. Sanya a ko'ina kuma, an dauke a kayayyakin na jabu ... don haka kada ka hana ta damar dandana real, sabo madara da kuma ƙanshi wildflowers samfurin.

Musamman idan kai ne m zuwa zo Maikop a lokacin da akwai wani festival. Yana offers - ba kawai adalci. Dage farawa daga wata irin sufi, inda baƙi iya ganin yadda jita-jita an shirya tare da cuku, da kuma gwada su.

Sauran worthwhile da hankali ga wuri - Museum of Oriental Art. Wannan reshe na Moscow Jihar Museum of Oriental Art. Yana kyawawan kananan, amma akwai sau da yawa kuma nune-nunen expositions, da kuma a general, je wa "al'ada" rana zai zama mai ban sha'awa. Ko da yake Adygea a kan taswira na Rasha - wata kananan ƙasa tun zamanin da, akwai zauna isasshen Finds ga dama musamman nune-nunen.

Idan akwai damar, ya kamata ka shakka ziyarci shagon gini na madafar giya, Georgiya Pobedonostsa Haikali, tafiya fita daga birnin, ganin dolmens tare dutsen Bogatyrka. Masana kimiyya bayar da shawarar cewa suna da wani addini muhimmanci - amma shi ya kasance gaskiya ne ko ba haka ba, da dolmen al'adu na wannan yankin Dates baya ga 2900 - 1300 BC

Historical Monuments

Idan muka da isasshen lokaci, babban birnin kasar Adygea iya nuna wani m matafiyi su mafi m gefe. Kuma a cikin birnin, kuma a kusa da yawa jan hankali da suke da daraja binciko, ko a kalla ganin kafin ka bar wannan ban mamaki wuri.

Kuma farko na duk wajibi ne a ziyarci bazaar. Commercial kasuwanni a mafi - Tsakiya, Gabas da Yamma - da kowane iya samun wani abu mai ban sha'awa. Musamman shi ya sa hankali ya kalli kayan yaji - babu inda za a samu wannan su richness kuma bambancin, duka a cikin kasuwar. A nan, a kasuwa, za ka iya kokarin Adygei cuku da kuma ayran, daban-daban irin Pita gurasa, da kuma a cikin fall - edible chestnuts.

A karo na biyu - wajibi ne a kula da kewaye. A babban birnin kasar na Jamhuriyar Adygea da kyau da cewa a kusa da shi - mai ban mamaki, musamman yanayin da Arewa Caucasus da Monuments na zamanin d al'adu.

A garin kanta tana da dama ban sha'awa gani, ciki har da shugaban Masallaci. Bugu da kari yana da daraja da hankali ga ginin sashen na madafar giya, mai tunawa ga sojoji na 131st Brigade, da Gabas Museum, da abin tunawa "Friendship", da gidan Kaplanova (gina a psevdomodern style hankula na jama'a gine Maikop farkon karni na 20th), da wuta-hasumiya, hoto gallery, tudun Oshad tunawa heroes of Civil da Great Patriotic yaki.

tashar

Wannan shi ne na farko da ya nuna yawon bude ido da babban birnin kasar na Adygea. "Yana buɗewa" da tashar jirgin kasa ya isa a nan a 1910. Bayan kawai da shekara takwas, a 1918, akwai wani jini yaƙi da White Guard sojojin, wanda ya kashe fiye da mutum dubu uku da sojoji Maikop Red Guard hari.

Bisa ga gine-gine, da tashar da ginin za a iya dangana ga kwaikwayo na Moorish style. A tsakiyar ɓangare yana da wani hudu-shafi portico da baluster railings. A facade na ginin yana bude gallery tare da nuna arches, wanda goyi bayan zagaye ginshikan da manya.

A gini kansa ya dubi quite m - wuya su yi tunanin cewa da zarar dauke da makamai fadace-fadace da aka yi yaƙi a nan. Duk da haka, ko da yake Rasha Adygea a kan taswira na yankin faruwa daga 85 zuwa 80 shekara, abubuwan da suka faru ya faru a nan shi ne babu kasa da manyan yankuna.

Cathedral masallaci

Yana da aka gina a 2000 a Sheikh na UAE kudi. Located a kan wata da kyau, da kyau-ta shirya ƙasa, kuma a kan kore shuke-shuke dubi sosai m.

Blue Masallaci Dome ya saba da haske ganuwar da kuma musamman ma picturesque look at faduwar rana, lokacin da tsirkiyoyin na saitin rana kala ganuwar da haikali a dumi zinariya ya dafa.

Gina malting shagon Maikop madafar giya

Breweries 'yan kaxan ne a cikin ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Adygea, Maikop kuma a duk iya kawai fariya daya. A gini kunshi biyu gine-gine, amma ban sha'awa shi ne kawai daya daga su gina a farkon karni na 20th Art Nouveau gini, shi ne wani gini na gine-gine a kasar dabi'u.

A shuka kanta da aka kafa a 1882 ta VI Kayayyaki. Shuka yayin da samar da wani "pilsner", "Bavarian", "Vienna", "Export" da "Royal" giya. A 1908, da kayayyakin da wannan kamfanin da aka bayar da lambar zinariya.

Bayan bude daga cikin jirgin a birnin kasuwanni fara haihuwa giya daga sauran jamhuriyoyin, da kuma mai da su dauki matakan kula da matsayi. samar iya aiki da aka ƙara, shi shigar da sabon kayan aiki da kuma gina ginin, daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin ado na Maikop.

Bayan da aka kafa Soviet ikon shuka da aka sanya a karkashin ta iko. External events in cewa lokaci ya rinjayi da walwala da matalauta shuka. Gine-gine da kuma kayan aiki da ake hankali fadi a cikin lalata. A lokacin yunwa na 1932-1933 da aka ba bar a yayin da Adygea, Krasnodar yankin, da kuma dukan ƙasa na Kuban da Arewa Caucasus. Restoration fara kawai a cikin postwar shekaru. A ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da ba dawowa daga gaban shuka ma'aikata a yankin ƙasarta tare da kananan obelisk.

A 2007-2009 ya gudanar da ayyukan sake gina da kuma na zamani da samar.

Memorial warriors 131 da motorized birged "lungu Afganista"

Juyin juya halin da kuma yaki ba kare Maikop - babban birnin kasar Adygea sha wahala a lokacin Lenin juyin mulki da kuma a lokacin Great Patriotic War. Memorial sadaukar da memory na sojojin da suka mutu a cikin 1995 lokacin da storming na Grozny da aka located da kauyen Kamennomostsky.

A tunawa hada da haikali Georgiya Pobedonostsa, biyu pylons lashe tare da makamai na Rasha, kazalika da biyu daga cikin 18 tsira yayin da yaki da inji. A cikakken jerin daga cikin matattu mambobi ne na aiki da aka sassaka a cikin dutse.

Kusa ne wani abin tunawa - wani abin tunawa "lungu Afghanistan", sadaukar da waɗanda suka riƙi wani ɓangare a Afghanistan yaki.

Memorial da heroes of yakin basasa da kuma Great Patriotic War kuma har abada harshen wuta

Wannan abin tunawa ne located a arewacin karkata daga Maikop, kusa da tashar jirgin kasa.

Yana da aka asali gina a cikin shekara ta 1927 a cikin memory daga cikin wadanda aka a 1918 - sa'an nan a kan forecourt fata fiye da dubu uku mutane suka harbe. Na biyu taron a ƙwaƙwalwar na wanda aka gina a tunawa nufin da Great Patriotic War. A sentyabryue 1942 duk yankuna na Jamhuriyar Adygea aka shagaltar da farkisanci invaders. Domin rabin shekara fiye da dubu huɗu mutane aka kashe a Maikop.

A cikin 50s yankin da abin tunawa aka kerata - tsakanin sauran abubuwa, da aka lit madawwamiyar wuta. Yanzu akwai da dama guda na kayan aiki daga yakin duniya na II.

wuta Tower

Its ginin da aka gina a shekarar 1900 a cikin style of reminestsentny Rasha classicism, tare da gine-gine dake kusa da motocin kashe gobara. Yana yana da jimillar na 5 benaye, a karshe - da kallo gallery. A facade ne zuwa kashi hudu, saukarwa da taimako na eaves. The uku babba benaye, haka ma, octagonal. Ginin da aka fentin a ja.

Pushkin gidan

Da farko, Pushkin House ya kasance daya daga cikin na farko gine-gine a birnin. Gina a shekarar 1900 a kudi na 'yan kasa, ya taka leda rawar da al'adu da kuma ilimi cibiyar na Maikop. Yana da aka partially halaka su a lokacin yakin duniya na II.

A cikin shekaru 50 da muka yanke shawarar sake gina da abin tunawa da gine-gine. Bisa ga aikin Lebedev m gina wani sabon ginin (wasan kwaikwayo) a kan tushen da tsohon Pushkin House. Akwai wani ɗakin taro tare da takwas-shafi portico, a zauren da 600 kujeru, mataki akwatin tare da mai amfani dakin.

A sake fasalin kudin na Pushkin House ya canza da yawa. Yanzu akwai kananan cewa shi yayi kama wani gini a 1900. Na ciki da ado da shi ne mafi kyau kiyaye masu sauraro, inda za mu iya ganin wani musamman gyaren rufi da mãmãki m acoustics. Duk da haka, shi ya kasance ga tsohon sunan, ko da yake yanzu amfani da wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Kurgan Oshad

Babban birnin na Jamhuriyar Adygea - Maikop - yana da kadan fiye da wani karni, amma, ƙasar da aka gina, yana da kansa, da barin zurfi a cikin tarihin dubban shekaru. Evidence wannan ne da Wuri Mai Tsarki excavated ta archaeologists.

A 1897, N. Veselovsky excavated a cikin ƙasa na Maikop wani tsoho binne tudun ƙasa. A tudun kama da tudun na duniya tsawo na mita 10 da wani kananan da kuma kimanin 60 mita a diamita. mutum daya da mata biyu - ciki ragowar uku na matattu da aka samu. Tare da gawawwakin akwai ma wani arziki kabari kaya, ciki har da kayan ado, da kwanonin zinariya, da azurfa, da tagulla, tukwane, da kuma sauran kayayyakin, da makamai, da kuma abubuwa da za su iya sun kasance al'ada abubuwa.

Bisa ga binciken, masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa, wannan arziki jana'izar shugaban-firist Oshad. A halin yanzu, shi nasa karshe kwata na IV Millennium BC Abubuwan samu a kan nuni a Moscow gidan kayan gargajiya, da kuma binne wurin wani stele.

Around da Barrow a wani lokaci daga baya, akwai wani hadadden hasken rana huruminsa zubar a kan dukkan hudu tarnaƙi na haske bim a iyakar abin da ake kira "launin wardi."

Traces of wadannan Tsarin iya har yanzu za a gani a kan ƙasa na Maikop kamar yadda mounds da kusurwoyi da ramuka, ko karkashin kasa da'ira na duwatsu. Maikop slab dauke da har yanzu undeciphered rubutu da aka samu a kan ƙasa na daya daga wadannan huruminsa.

Hodzhohskie dolmens

A waje da birnin shi ne ma fi ban sha'awa wurare. Daga cikin su - hodzhohskie dolmens, wani hadadden na 14 Bronze Age Tsarin (ciki har da gaba daya kiyaye dolmen "Chygyudzh"), wanda aka located a ƙofar Kamennomostsky. A gaskiya, irin wannan wurare a cikin kasar da yawa - wani rukuni ne a wani share Bogatyrskaya.

Shi ne kusa isa zuwa birnin don samun to share shi ne yiwu duka biyu da mota da kuma a kan kafar ko a kan doki. The girma na megaliths aka mayar da hankali a kan m tip na Bogatyr Ridge, suna shirya a 2 layuka, part - warwatse a kan gangara.

dubban daruruwan dolmens samu a cikin tsohon mulkin kai - da masu bincike bayar da shawarar cewa akwai za a iya located cibiyar na zamanin d wayewa ba a sani ba. A daidai wannan lokaci na Maikop da Adygea Mosty gundumomi da most taro na wadannan wurare.

Wadannan megalithic Tsarin samu a Arewacin Afrika, a cikin Western, Northern da kuma kudancin Turai, Korea, China, Japan, ta Kudu da kuma Kudu-East Asia. A Arewa da kuma Yammacin Caucasus shi da aka samu da yawa irin wannan - masana kimiyya miƙa su ga dolmen al'adu, da lokacin da Early da kuma Middle Bronze Age, watau lokacin da na III-na Millennium BC.

Rasha - Adygea, su zama daidai - don haka ne daya daga cikin yankunan, inda da zarar akwai quite fitattu kuma ci-gaba da wayewa. Wannan ne ma evidenced da hadaddun na wuraren bauta a kusa da tudun Oshad. Masana har yanzu ba su zo da wata yarjejeniya, wadda gina megaliths.