Anatomy mace. Human tiyata (Biology, Grade 8)

Ta yaya ne gabobin a cikin jiki, da yadda suke aiki da kuma sauran tsarin da tsarin dole san kowane ilimi mutum. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa nazarin mutum ilmin jikin mutum daga wani makaranta benci.

Bayan duk, da ka'idodi na topography (watau wurin da ciki gabobin) suke da muhimmanci sosai. Ko don gane da abin da ya haddasa rashin jin daɗi da kuma jiki aches, shi wajibi ne sani.

Human haltta a makaranta

A farko ra'ayi na topography na gabobin da su tsarin ne a farko mataki na ilimi, a cikin 4th sa (azuzuwan "a waje duniya"). Duk da haka, a mafi cikakken da cikakken shawara na jikin mutum tsarin da aka koma wani m shekaru - 8th sa.

Kafin wadannan mutane suna da riga yayi nazari da tsarin shuke-shuke da dabbobi, don haka da tankwara darasi zai kasance da sauki to koyi, duk wani hadadden, multifaceted abu a kan mutum tsarin.

Wannan horo hada yawa terminological Concepts cewa za su iya tunawa da yara a cika shekara. Har ila yau, binciken ya kaya don wannan kimiyya ba zai yiwu ba tare da isasshen koyarwa AIDS, musamman ga tsabta.

Dole ne ku zama ba tebur, slide gabatarwa ko m zane da kuma zane-zane (da mafi alhẽri - gabã ɗaya a cikin hadaddun). Anatomy Darasi shi yiwuwa ba tare da shi, kamar yadda za a iya gane kawai ta neman fili. Da yawa da hankali ne ya biya zuwa thematic shiryawa horo tsarin, aiki da kuma muhimmancin jima'i da kuma excretory tsarin. Alal misali, a kusa da karshen na makaranta shekara a lokacin da yara zama mafi balaga da iya mayalwaci gane abu daidai hali yana farawa ya yi nazarin ilmin jikin mutum, mata da maza. Musamman hankali ne ya biya zuwa mace, kamar yadda suke da alaka da muhimmanci matakai - ciki da na haihuwa, da tayin embryogenesis.

Musamman da binciken na mace haltta

Cikin dukanin ilimi shekara karatu mutum ilmin jikin mutum. Mata aka shirya a wannan hanya kamar yadda maza, saboda haka a lokacin da la'akari da Sistem, na numfashi, excretory da kuma juyayi tsarin, GNI, analyzers ne wani jinsi bambance-bambance ba su bayar. Duk da haka, a lokacin da ta je da tsarin da genitourinary tsarin, su ne bayyananne.

Akwai da dama babban maki, wanda ya hada da ilimin halittàr jiki da sashe:

1. A nazarin abun da ke ciki da kuma ayyuka na mammary gland.
2. Shawara na ƙashin ƙugu kashi tsarin fasali.
3. Opening na sunadaran da mataki da kuma tsarin da mace haihuwa tsarin da ya hada da na waje da kuma na ciki jima'i gabobin.
4. A binciken da na cyclic matakai a cikin mace jiki da kuma rawar da suka taka.
5. Hadi, tayi samuwar kuma fetal ci gaba cikin dukan zamanin ciki.
6. Haihuwa da kuma yanayin halitta na juya na 'ya'yan itace.

Anatomy of mace - mai muhimmanci da kuma hadadden batun, quite m. Amma shi ko da yaushe ya haddasa karin riba a matasa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yana da muhimmanci a iya adana kuma ci gaba da shi dama, nice kuma bayyana gabatar.

mammary gland

Biyu samuwar a cikin mace jiki, da wani m da wani ciki na. Na farko shi ne a fata jikinsa na daban-daban siffofi (zagaye, pear-dimbin yawa, elongated da sauransu). Weight da girma iya bambanta a daban-daban mace. A kaifi tsakiya na nono ne kan nono - musamman tsarin, ta hanyar abin da samfurin da aka dakatar zuwa ga waje na madara gland - madara. Around shi ne encircling da shaded part - areola, ko areola. Wannan yankin yana da wani launi daban-daban, wanda ya dogara a kan tseren na mata da kuma ko ta haihuwa. Areola mai rufi lafiya wrinkles cikin kunshi wani santsi da kuma mai gangara tsokoki, sebaceous da sunadarin gumi. Ta hanyar ta nonna kuma wuce babban adadin mammary gland, su ducts bude ga waje.

A ciki na nono mata wakilta da wadannan tsarin raka'a:

• Adipose nama. Kusan 2/3 na nono nauyi da dama a kan shi.
• Share, kunsha na karami lobules. Tsarin cewa cika da wani gagarumin rabo daga ciki sarari daga cikin kirji. Gaba daya akwai game da 20 guda, dukkan su suna masu niyyar baftisma cikin wani na kowa maha? Ar adipose nama. Tu kunshi yawa Alveoli, jini, da kumfa cewa samar da madara. Shirya radially a kusa da kowane nono.
• Lymph da jini samar da wadata da na ta kayayyakin da nono, motsa jiki da ikon da mammary gland.
• Dairy tsoka - tsarin, wanda dora kansa a kan kirjin a cikin jiki.

Physiology da kuma ilimin halittàr jiki da ƙirjin ana nufin yafi a daya aiki - samar da tukar tumbi da madara a kan musamman ducts ta hanyar da nono fita. A daya kan nono zuwa 9 na iya zama apertures ta hanyar abin da ruwa kofofi.

Topography mammary gland: located a kan agara kirji bango tsakanin 3 da kuma 7, wani gefe, tsakaitã da juna da kuma zumunta ga tsakiyar kashi. Tsakanin ta ƙirãza da sinus, rarraba su.

pelvic ilimin halittàr jiki da wata mace

Babban bambancin namiji da mace Anatomy, ba shakka, ba kawai a cikin rashi ko gaban mammary gland. A gaskiya, da muhimmiyar rawar da aka buga daga tsarin kafafuwa da kuma ta gabobin. Su kuma dauki mukalli.

mace pelvic haltta yana wakilta 4 babban kashi Tsarin:

• biyu pelvic ƙasũsuwa .
• sacral.
• coccyx.

Tare, suna spliced da tsokoki da kuma taka sosai muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haihuwa tsari. A general, tsaye a waje ba kawai kananan amma kuma babban kwano. An located kawai sama da farko. Genetically kafa haka da cewa mace kafafuwa ne fadi ga maza, amma shi kunshi wani haske da kuma bakin ciki kasusuwa.

M kashi yana da uku na asali samuwar:

• shigar.
• kogo.
• fitarwa.

Login kafa Fusion na iliac-sacral da pelvic, pubic kashi, akwai uku daban-daban masu girma dabam. pelvic rami kafa ta fadi da kuma kunkuntar part. Shi ne, akwai cewa ne babban gabobin: ciki jima'i, mafitsara da dubura.

Amfanin ƙasa pelvic tsoka rufe musamman samuwar - da pelvic bene. Wannan tsarin yana dauke da mafi muhimmanci da kuma aikin muhimmanci tsokoki, da godiya ga aikin da ciki pelvic gabobin da ake gudanar a ciki, ba su tumbling. Har ila yau, suna da muhimmanci a cikin turawa da tayin lokacin da ta haihu.

Kamar wancan shirya da kuma kafafuwa, wanda shi ne babban tsarin wanda shi ne daban-daban mace ilmin jikin mutum. Hotuna da kayan ciki za a iya gani a kasa.

A haihuwa tsarin na mace jiki

Wadannan sun hada da wasu daga cikin babban tsarin sassa:

1. External al'aurar (pubic yankin, ƙanana da manyan labia, shasshafa dan tsakar ta, shirayin, bata da wannan fatar).
2. Ciki (farji, mahaifa, fallopian shambura, ovaries).
3. Jijiyoyin.

Haihuwa wannan tsarin ne mai suna, saboda shi ne kai tsaye da hannu a aiwatar da hadi, daukar ciki da fetal ci gaba da kuma haihuwa. Bari mu bincika kowane bangaren a more daki-daki, m da manufa da kuma tsarin.

external al'aurar

Mace haltta ya shafi farko da ciwon bayyana waje bambance-bambance da jinsi. Na waje genitalia, wadannan sun hada da ƙirãza, da kuma na sassa na pelvic gabobin - da wadannan sifofi:

1. Pubis. Shin wani triangular samuwar, an rufe tare da hairs (a jima'i balagagge shekaru), wanda dogara ne a kan kashi tsarin. Yana yana da wani iko ajiye kitsen don zafi da kuma thermoregulation da kuma kariya daga inji lalacewa. Aiki: wani lullubi ne da yake kare zurfi kwance a waje jikinsu.
2. Labia. Skin folds a cikin yanayi na dauke da subcutaneous mai. Gaba da raya da zangarniya spliced. Tsakanin su akwai wata tsaguwa-kamar samuwar kira wani jima'i rata. A cikin wannan tsarin ne Bartholin gland shine yake cewa asirce musamman alkaline mugunya a cikin farji. Wajen jiki da aka rufe da dankon.
3. Labia. Located a cikin manyan kuma kullum a lamba tare da juna, yin jima'i tsaguwa rufe. Aiki, kamar yadda a baya wadanda, m.
4. Clit. Kananan siffar zobe jiki kunshi plexus jijiyoyi da jini capillaries da kuma capillaries. Very m, aka located a gaban manyan da kananan labia.
5. shirayin. A tsarin, wanda ya biyo baya kai tsaye ƙofar farji. Wannan ma yana buɗewa tashoshi bartolinievyh gland, ke urethral tube.
6. Bata da wannan fatar - wani bakin ciki fim da kare ƙofar farji. Yana da wani sashin jiki na connective nama. Yana da wannan tsarin wanda ya samar da duka biyu da wani m mace ilmin jikin mutum. The kayan ciki da waje suna rabu da taimakon kawai kafin na farko jima'i, bayan da a kan-gizo bata da wannan fatar kasance gimenalnye papillae.

Wannan shi ne duk da gabobin da suke waje da haihuwa tsarin na mace jiki.

Ciki jima'i gabobin

Wadannan sun hada da dan kadan, amma da muhimmancin ba za a iya overemphasized. Yana da wadannan sifofi aka yi amfani da samuwar kuma gestation, da samuwar mace gametes da kuma kau da yaro daga.

1. Mahaifa. Wannan jiki dauke dabam.
2. Farji. Wannan bangare yana daya daga cikin manyan, wanda ya wakilci mace ilmin jikin mutum. Murdede sashin jiki da ciwon wani elongated cylindrical siffar (tube) tsawon na 10 cm. Walls liyi tare da multilayer lebur epithelium, ta hanyar abin da jini da kuma Lymph tasoshin ciyar da gamsai a cikin farji. Godiya ga wannan jiki ko da yaushe ya kasance m. Har ila yau, a nan akwai nasu microflora, kunsha na sanda-dimbin yawa kwayoyin cuta, Kwayoyin da gamsai. Yadda aka saba, shi ne kullum updated, da kuma tsohon daya an cire a cikin nau'i na precipitates. Su ne acidic yanayi, Milky fari, translucent launi da kuma halayyar wari. Tun da farji bango tsoka, shi ne iya fadada da kwangila, wanda wajibi ne a lokacin da Generic tsari. kafa hudu sets na jiki a cikin sama rabo daga bututu. A gaban sashi na jiki m ga mafitsara, da kuma raya - ga dubura.
3. Ovaries. Guda biyu sashin jiki, wanda yake da endocrine gland. Located a kan ko dai gefen cikin mace din. Kunshi wani medulla, connective nama Ribar da jini da lymphatic tasoshin. A ganuwar sahu cortical Layer, da Tunica albuginea da matsanancin epithelium. Ciki da ovaries yakan faru a kowane wata samuwar balagagge qwai. Sun kuma ci gaba takamaiman hormones alhakin ci gaban da sakandare jima'i halaye a mace. A lokacin daukar ciki, da ovaries nuna ƙarin abubuwa aiki.

Kullum, duk da pelvic gabobin - shi ne wani muhimmin bayãnin hukuncin alama na wanda yake da ilimin halittàr jiki da wata mace. Images, waxanda suke da yalwa ba a daban-daban reference kayan, a isa daki-daki, kuma daidai gani sifa da topography.

mahaifa

Murdede m sashin jiki triangular siffar. Ya kunshi uku main sassa:

• fundal (ƙananan ɓangare na alwatika, tapering a tushe).
• Isthmus.
• wuyansa.

Anatomy of mace ta mahaifa aka duba yiwuwar matsayin babban jiki ga procreation da gestation. A tsarin da kanta da aka hada da dama cell yadudduka ne: da mucosa, tsoka, kuma talakawan ciki serous sutura mahaifa da kuma raba shi daga peritoneal rabo.

Igiyar ciki cervix taka muhimmiyar rawa a kare abinda ke ciki na wani jiki ne daga cikin farji cutarwa kwayoyin cuta, saboda shi ne ayi a yankunan biyu, waɗannan Tsarin. An wakilta wani kananan tube, cike da gamsai, wanda ya hana shigar azzakari cikin farji daga abubuwa masu cutarwa da kuma kwayoyin.

Fallopian shambura - biyu samuwar tsawaita daga sasanninta na mahaifa. Kafa ta guda yadudduka a matsayin mahaifa. Su tsawon - game da 12 cm.

Jijiyoyin - musamman tsarin, abin da hidima, don tallafa wa mahaifa da ovaries. Ya kunshi wadannan daure:

• twin zagaye;
• nasu ovarian jijiya.
• voronkotazovye.
• m.

Tare, wadannan Tsarin samar da wata barga matsayi na zauna cikin mahaifa, kuma ovaries.

hailar sake zagayowar

Wannan tsari ne da maimaita wata-wata follicle samuwar, ya zama fitarwa zuwa waje tare da jini da matattu gaɓũɓuwa, Kwayoyin da kwayoyin.

Wannan sake zagayowar an tsara da shirya da mace jiki ga daukar ciki da haihuwa. Akwai hadaddun matakai tare da elaboration na musamman hormones.

ciki

Anatomy of mace mai ciki canjãwa da yawa. Bayan dukan 'ya'yan itace da cewa tasowa a cikin mahaifa, tsiro. Wannan take kaiwa zuwa lamba kan sauran kayan ciki da, kamar yadda wani sakamako, ya kawo game da wani canji na wuri. A hanta zama kusan tsaye matsayi, ana shiryar tare cikin mahaifa. A cikin dubura, da matsa lamba da cewa sau da yawa yana sa maƙarƙashiya a mata. A diaphragm aka dauke da gyarawa a cikin wannan wuri, wanda ba a ji na tightness da nakasa daga 'ya'yan numfashi.

Duk da haka, yanayin samar da duk al'amurran da canji, don haka wadannan trends ne na kullum. gestation zamani ne 40 makonni. A tsari na ceto ne sosai hadaddun, a cikin abin da yaro ya wuce ta haihuwa canal shugaban saukar. A tsawon lokaci da za su bambanta dangane da mutum halaye na mace jiki.