Battleships da Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin yakin duniya na II (photo)

Ƙirgar jiragen ruwa ne manyan bindigogi gashi soja motocin, wanda da manyan hijirar da kyau makamai. Battleships da Tarayyar Soviet da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin wani iri-iri na fadace-fadace, kamar yadda suka iya jimre da halaka da makiya a wani sojan ruwa yaki da ake ji manyan bindigogi hare kan hari located a kan tudu.

Features

Battleships ne mai iko manyan bindigogi sulke da motocin. A farkon da Great Patriotic War a sabis na kasar su yi matukar high. Battleships da Tarayyar Soviet da wani ingancin sabis a wani iri-iri na kida da cewa an kullum kyautata. Mafi sau da yawa makamai kunshi wani manyan-zamo kamar inji bindigogi, torpedo shambura. Wadannan jiragen samar da tsaro na Leningrad, Sevastopol da sauran jihar bakin teku garuruwa.

Class "Sevastopol"

Battleships wannan aji suna da duba jikin siffar, cikinsa da yankin na freeboard da kuma kara icebreaking form an rage girmanta. Lokacin da wani kananan tsawon na ƙwanso da jirgin tonnage ya 23,000 ton, amma a zahiri da nawa to game da 26.000 tons. The man fetur amfani da kwal, da kuma idan bukata ta tilasta aiki, da man fetur. Wadannan Soviet Navy battleships aka sanye take da ikon shuka na 42 000 lita. wani. a gudun 23 kullin kuma yin iyo nesa na 4000 mil.

Kamar yadda makamai craft sanye take da mikakke rifled bindigogi ana shirya linearly da daban-daban fasaha da harbe-harben kudi na 1.8 da minti. Kamar yadda amfani da tara makamai a tawa 16 bindigogi 120 mm, wanda kudi ya 7 akai-akai da minti daya, tare da duk kayan sanya, a tsakiyar bene. Wannan jeri na manyan bindigogi suka kai ga low yadda ya dace da harbi, wanda, a hade tare da low seaworthiness na jirgin ruwa na soja sanya su mafi wuya don sarrafa.

Wadannan battleships Tarayyar Soviet an hõre modernization ko kafin yakin duniya na II, wanda ke haifar da kyautata na jiragen ruwa silhouette: suna da wani tanki-kara-a cewa tam bãyukansu ga jiki, da kuma saman da aka rufe m dabe. A canje-canje ya shafa da baka, ikon shuke-shuke da kuma inganta yanayin rayuwar tawagar.

"Paris ƙungiya"

Wannan jirgin ruwa na soja da ake kyautata zuwa latest. A cikin shakka daga inganta ta kawar da Ya ƙãra engine ikon da aka mafi girma da kuma zambar 61 000 HP, da jirgin yana da top gudun 23.5 kullin. Da yawa da hankali a cikin zamani da aka biya don karfafa iska tsaro da makamai: baka da kuma tsananin sun 6 anti-aircraft bindigogi na 76 mm, 16 manyan bindigogi bindigogi da kuma 14 inji bindigogi. Wadannan battleships yakin duniya na II Tarayyar Soviet da aka yi amfani da tsaro na Sevastopol. Ga dukan mayaƙa lokacin yakin duniya na II jirgin ruwa na soja halarci 15 soja kamfen, za'ayi 10 manyan bindigogi da harbe-harben, nuna fiye da 20 hare-haren da makiya jirgin sama da kuma harbe saukar uku maƙiyi jirgin sama.

A lokacin yakin duniya na II, jirgin da aka kare Sevastopol da Kerch mashigar. A farko yãƙi ya faru a kan Nuwamba 8, 1941, da kuma kawai a karon farko fada ya hallaka babban adadin tankuna, bindigogi, soja motocin jigilar wasu kaya.

"Marat"

Wadannan battleships Tarayyar Soviet kare da hanyoyin Birnin Leningrad, abu tsaro na birnin 8 kwanaki. A lokacin daya daga cikin hare-haren da makiya a cikin jirgin zo kawai biyu da bama-bamai da ya hallaka baka na jirgin da ya kai ga fasa harsashi cellars. A sakamakon wannan ban tausayi taron kashe 326 mutane - ma'aikatan jirgin. Bayan wata shida, da jirgin m buoyancy aft part aka koma, wanda nutse, surfaced. Jamusawa na dogon lokaci kokarin halaka lalace jirgin ruwa na soja, wanda aka yi amfani da mu soja a matsayin Fort.

Duk da haka, bayan da wasu lokaci da jirgin ruwa na soja da aka gyara da kuma partially mayar da, amma ko da wannan ya yarda da shi su yi tsayayya da manyan bindigogi wuta da makiya: bayan na maido da jirãge an halaka su da jirage, batura, da kuma ma'aikata na abokan gaba. A 1943, da jirgin ruwa na soja da Tarayyar Soviet da aka sake masa suna da "Petropavlovsk", kuma ko da bayan shekaru 7 gabã ɗaya janye daga sabis da kuma canjawa wuri zuwa cibiyar horaswa.

"Oktoba juyin juya halin"

Wannan jirgin ruwa na soja da aka asali tushen a Tallinn, amma tare da farkon yakin duniya na II da aka ƙaura Kronstadt, da zaran cikin birni fara podstupat Jamusawa. "Oktoba juyin juya halin" ya zama abin dogara da manyan bindigogi tsaro na birnin, tun duk yunkurin nutse a jirgin ruwa na soja na Jamus Army sun kasance m. A lokacin yakin, da most jirgin ruwa na soja da Tarayyar Soviet ya nuna kanta a matsayin mai m, maƙiyi a kan ruwa.

Daga "Gangut" to "juyin juya halin"

The asali sunan kuwa shi ne jirgin ruwa na soja "Hanko". A karkashin wannan sunan, da jirgin ya dauki kashi a yakin duniya na farko: a karkashin ta rufe aka kafa minefields, wanda baya busa ba daya Jamus jirgin ruwa na soja. Bayan assigning sabon sunan da jirgin ya yi aiki a yakin duniya na biyu, da Jamus sun duk yunkurin magance shi a gazawar. Soviet battleships yakin duniya na II, a general ne m: misali, "Oktoba juyin juya halin" da aka hõre yawa jiragen sama da manyan bindigogi harin, kuma har yanzu tsayayya. The sosai guda jirgin ruwa na soja a lokacin yakin samar game da 1500 bawo nuna da yawa iska hare-hare, harbe saukar 13 jirgin sama, kuma yana da babban adadin da suka ji rauni.

Main yin yawo "Gangut" ( "Oktoba juyin juya halin")

An ban sha'awa Gaskiyar ita ce, da ominous jiragen ruwa na mu sojojin ba sau daya a lokacin da biyu a duniya yaƙe-yaƙe - farko da na biyu - ba hadu a yaƙi ne da makiya battleships. The kawai yaki da aka gudanar "Sevastopol" shi ne har yanzu a cikin yakin basasa, lokacin da jirgin ke tucked a cikin hallakarwa "Azard" kuma tare da kai hari kamar yadda bakwai Birtaniya hallaka.

A general, "Hanko" ziyarci uku soja kamfen ga Baltic, inda ya bayar da tawa-kwanciya, bi da Red Army, ya samu wani sabon sunan, da kuma aka hada a cikin Baltic Sea sojan ruwa sojojin. Jirgin ruwa na soja halarci Soviet-Finnish War a matsayin wuta da goyon baya ga sojojin ƙasa. A mafi kalubale aiki shi ne jirgin ruwa na soja Leningrad tsaron gida.

A 1941, 27 Satumba, a cikin jirgi, ya buga wani bam yin la'akari 500 kg, wanda ya karya ta cikin bene, tsãge hasumiyar.

"Arkhangelsk"

Ba duk na battleships da Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu tun asalinsu a sabis na kasar mu. Saboda haka, jirgin ruwa na soja "Arkhangelsk" ya Asali wani ɓangare na sojan ruwa jiragen ruwa na Birtaniya, sa'an nan aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga Tarayyar Soviet. Yana ne na ƙwarai, amma jirgin ya tuba zuwa Amurka, sanye take da zamani radar tsarin for iri daban-daban na makamai. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa "Arkhangelsk" kuma an san matsayin HMS Royal Mamallakinsu.

A interwar shekaru, da jirgin ruwa na soja da aka sabunta hanyoyin sau da yawa, da kuma tsanani. Kuma da canje-canje da aka farko retrofitting bindigogi. Don yakin duniya na II jirgin ruwa na soja da aka riga aka rabu amfani, amma, duk da wannan, har yanzu an kunshe a cikin jiragen ruwa na kasar nan. Amma rawar da ya taka ba kamar yadda m kamar yadda sauran battleships: "Arkhangelsk" kagaggun tsaya kashe bakin tekun na Kola Bay, wanda bayar wuta m na Soviet sojojin da fitarwa na Jamusawa yage. A Janairu 1949, jirgin da aka mika wa UK.

Ayyukan battleships Tarayyar Soviet

Battleships da Tarayyar Soviet, da ayyukan da aka ci gaba da dama injiniyoyi, ko da yaushe aka dauke daga cikin mafi m, a duniya. Alal misali, wani injiniya Bubnov sverhdrednouta samarwa aikin, wanda ya ja hankalin masu elaboration na da cikakken bayani, manyan bindigogi ikon, high-gudun tafiya da isasshen matakin na ajiyar. Design ya fara a shekara ta 1914, tare da babban aiki na injiniyoyin da aka sanya uku chetyrehorudiynye hasumiya a kan wani karamin akwati, wanda aka bai ishe irin makamai. Sai ya juya daga cewa jirgin ya zauna a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki ba tare da wani m anti-torpedo tsaron gida. Babban kayan aikin da makamai a kan wannan jirgin su ne:

• babban makamai bel, wanda kara zuwa 2/3 tsawon na jirgin ruwa.
• kwance ajiyar a kan matakai guda hudu.
• madauwari hasumiyai littafin.
• 12 bindigogi a hasumiya, da 24 na mine zamo bindigogi, wanda aka located in casemates.

Masana sun ce cewa jirgin ruwa na soja - mai iko fama naúrar, wanda a kwatanta da waje analogues ya iya samar da wani gudun 25 kullin. Duk da haka, reservations bai isa ba riga a lokacin yakin duniya na farko, da kuma na zamani da tasoshin da aka ba su shirya ...

Project m Kostenko

Perfect battleships na Rasha da kuma tarayyar Soviet da maimaitawa tsĩrar da Soviet sojojin. Daya daga cikin aukuwa ne jirgin Kostenko, wanda yana dauke da mafi yawan 'yan. Its siffofin hada da wani da sikẽli halaye na makamai, babban gudu da kuma high quality-littafi. A aikin da aka bisa ga Anglo-German kwarewa Battle of Jutland, don haka injiniya ki rage a gaba na manyan bindigogi kayan aiki, daga jirgi. Amma mayar da hankali ne a kan daidaita jiki makamai da kuma motsi.

Wannan jirgin da aka tsara a matsayin mai yawa hudu versions, wanda ya juya ga zama cikin gaggawa shi ne na farko da wani zaɓi. Kamar yadda na version Bubnov, da jirgin ruwa na soja, yana da manyan fama zone, wanda aka complemented wata bulkhead na biyu faranti. Takamaiman littafin shãfe dama cikas, wanda kanta amsa kamar yadda makamai nika. Reservation yi a cikin hasumiyar, yankan, madauwari jirgin ruwa, haka ma, agogon injiniya zuwa torpedo tsaro, wanda a baya battleships bayyana a cikin wani nau'i na sauki a tsaye bulkhead.

Kamar yadda da shawarar yin amfani da makamai m aiwatar da babban zamo bindigogi 406 mm da kuma 130 mm. A farko dake a cikin hasumiyar, wanda ya samar da mai kyau kewayon wuta. Ayyukan da jirgin ruwa, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, sun daban-daban, da cewa ya rinjayi yawan bindigogi.

Project Engineer Gavrilova

Gavrilov miƙa wa gina mafi iko, da ake kira m battleships Tarayyar Soviet. Photo ya nuna cewa irin model sun kananan cikin size, amma a kan fasaha da kuma aiki halaye kasance mafi tasiri. Bisa ga janar ra'ayi, jirgin ruwa na soja wakilta iyakance jirgin wanda bayani dalla-dalla kasance a kan gab samuwa matakin. The aikin la'akari kawai mafi iko makamai zaɓuɓɓuka:

• 16 zamo bindigogi babban 406 mm a hudu hasumiyai.
• 24 guda na 152 mm a zamo kamar nawa casemates.

Irin makamai ne quite daidai da ra'ayi na Rasha Shipbuilding inda ya lura da wani abin mamaki hade da matsakaicin yiwu manyan bindigogi jikewa a wani babban kudi a lokacin da booking lalacewa. Shi ne, ta hanyar, ya ba da mafi kyau a mafi yawan Soviet battleships. Amma da jirgin ta propulsion tsarin ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi iko, saboda da aikin da aka bisa ga turbines, gidajen wuta.

kayan aiki Features

Battleships da Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu (photo tabbatar da ikonsu), bisa Gavrilova ayyukan sanye take da mafi m a lokacin tsarin. Kamar baya injiniyoyi, ya biya da hankali ga booking, da booking ya dan kadan mafi girma kauri. Amma masana ya nuna cewa, ko da tare da m manyan bindigogi, high tafiya gudu da kuma babbar size wannan jirgin ruwa na soja zai zama quite m lokacin da yake ganawa da abokan gaba.

sakamakon

A cewar masana, yakin duniya na biyu ya tabbataccen mataki don duba matsayi na Soviet battleships zuwa kasancewa. Kamar yadda ya juya waje, yaƙi jiragen ruwa da aka ba a shirye domin hallakarwa da kuma ikon da atomic bama-bamai da kuma ainihin-shiryar da makamai. Saboda haka kusa da karshen yaki jiragen ruwa na layin ya daina zama mai iko fada da karfi, da kuma ci gaban m-tushen jirgin sama da ba a bã yawa da hankali. Stalin ya umarci battleships cire daga tsare-tsaren na sojan ruwa Shipbuilding domin ba su sadu da bukatun na lokaci.

Kamar yadda wani sakamako, da data kasance rundunar irin jiragen sun janye, a matsayin "Oktoba juyin juya halin" da "Paris ƙungiya", wasu model an sa a ajiye. Daga bisani, Khrushchev bar a sabis na kasar kamar 'yan nauyi manyan bindigogi jirãge, la'akari da tasiri a yaƙi. Kuma Oktoba 29, 1955 a Arewacin Bay na Sevastopol nutse cikin flagship na Black Sea jiragen ruwa - na karshe Soviet jirgin ruwa na soja "Novorossiysk". Bayan wannan taron, kasar mu ce ban kwana ga ra'ayin da ciwon wani ɓangare na da rundunar jiragen battleships.