Rasha nauyi inji bindigogi da kuma zaman lafiya. Kwatanta nauyi inji bindigogi

Ko da a cikin yakin duniya na farko a fagen yaƙi bayyana fundamentally sabon da m makami - nauyi inji bindigogi. A waɗannan shekaru babu kayan yaƙin, wanda zai iya kare su, da kuma tsari, wanda ake al'ada amfani da dakaru (na duniya da kuma itace) ne kullum nauyi harsasai tsinkãyi dama ta hanyar. Ko a yau, nauyi inji bindigogi ne mai kyau ga kayan aiki da halakar maƙiyi dakaru fada motocin, Armoured Personnel dako da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu. A ka'ida, wanda zai iya buga ko jiragen sama, amma zamani fama jirgin sama domin su ma azumi.

Duk da haka, babban rashin duk da wannan makami ne da nauyi da kuma girma. Wasu model (tare da gado) zai iya da kyau ku auna nauyi fiye da biyu kilo. Tun da lissafi da ya fi sau da yawa ya kunshi kawai biyu ko uku mutane, game da wasu azumi maneuvering yi magana a general ba dole. Duk da haka, nauyi inji bindigogi iya har yanzu zama mobile isasshen makamai. Wannan shi ne na farko ya tabbatar tukuna a lokacin cewa wannan yakin duniya na, a lokacin da suka fara sa a kan jeeps kuma ko da karamin truck.

DSHK

A 1930, sanannen zanen Degtyarev suka fara samar da sabon gaba daya na'ura gun. Saboda haka ta fara da labarin da almara DSK, wanda wannan rana tsaye a sabis a kasashe da dama a duniya. Gunsmith yanke shawarar tsara shi don sabon a lokacin da harsashi B-30 da harsashi zamo 12.7 mm. Sananne Shpagin halitta cikin sabon gun, ta sha bamban da tsarin bel iko. A farkon 1939, sai aka soma da Red Army.

bita Shpagin

Kamar yadda muka ce, asali version na makami da aka ɓullo da a 1930. Bayan shekaru uku fara serial samar. Duk da yawa m halaye, dole ne ya biyu sosai tsanani disadvantages: rabon na wuta da aka sani kawai 360 akai-akai da minti daya, da kuma m kudi da aka ma ƙananan, kamar yadda a cikin na asali zane shafi yin amfani da nauyi ko m shagunan. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa yanke shawara a kan ƙarshe na serial samar da na'ura gun da aka soma a 1935, wanda shi ne ba ma yi daidai da hakikar da a lokacinsa.

Don magance halin da ake ciki, ci gaban da aka kawo almara Shpagin, wanda nan da nan ya miƙa wa amfani da drum da samar da lantarki kewaye da sarƙar ciyar da ammonium. Ta hanyar aiwatar da tsarin a cikin makamai lilo hannu, wanda maida da makamashi na foda gas a cikin drum, shi ne m data kasance tsarin. A amfani shi ne cewa irin wannan gyare-gyare ba ya unsa da wani tsanani da kuma m gyare-gyare da cewa matasa Soviet Jamhuriyar ya da muhimmanci.

maimaita zabar

A na'ura gun aka sake soma a shekara ta 1938. Ya ne musamman kyau godiya ga Multi-aiki da inji, da abin da ANC jũya a cikin wani duniya makami: shi za a iya amfani da su kashe maƙiyi ƙasa dakarun (ciki har da halakar da kufaifan), da lalata jirage masu saukar ungulu da kuma low-tashi da jirgin sama, kazalika da immobilize hasken sulke da motocin. Don hallaka iska abubuwa inji bazu tare da lokaci daya Kiwon na goyon bayan bipod.

Saboda da mafi fama basira DSK dadin cancanta shahararsa a kusan duk soja rassan. A karshen yaki na'ura gun underwent kadan gyara. Yana ya shafi wasu aka gyara na inji na iko da rufe taro. Bugu da kari, wani dan kadan modified hanyar hawa da ganga.

Last gyara daga gun, ya sa a cikin sabis a shekarar 1946 (DShKM), yana amfani da wani dan kadan daban-daban manufa na aiki da kai. Foda gas kange daga ganga ta cikin rami. Cikin akwati na wani ba replaceable, shi azurta sanyaya fins (kamar gidan ruwa). To neutralize da karfi recoil amfani muzzle birki na daban-daban kayayyaki.

Babban bambancin dake tsakanin biyu gyare-gyare gun - da na'urar da Feeder. Saboda haka, a DShKM amfani da nunin irin tsarin, yayin da wanda ya riga - drum. Duk da haka, Kolesnikov tsarin inji zauna gaba daya canzawa tun 1938, a matsayin wani abu fundamentally shi ne ba zai yiwu ya canza. Na'ura gun a kan wannan frame weighs 160 kilo. Hakika, yana da ba ma mai kyau don saukaka da amfani. Duk da haka, da makami mafi sau da yawa amfani da anti-jirgin sama da kuma amfani da iko da hasken sulke da motocin na abokan gaba, da yin amfani da nauyi inji zama dole.

A zamani amfani da ANC

A lokacin babban Patriotic War na Tarayyar Soviet a cikin shuke-shuke da shi da aka yi game da dubu tara bindigogi wannan model. Duk da haka, bayan da yaki, jam'iyyar ANC ya Popular a dukan duniya. Saboda haka, ta gyara, DShKM, har yanzu ya ci gaba da za a samar a Pakistan da kuma China. Akwai kuma bayanai a kan hannun jari na bindigogi a ajiye depots na Rasha sojojin. Popular ne da makami Rasha a rikice-rikice a Afirka.

Veterans tuna cewa duk wadannan makamai ne a zahiri cuts saukar da bakin ciki itatuwa da kuma keta hakkin ta sosai nagari girth kututturan. Saboda haka da talauci m dakaru (da abin da aka samu a cikin wadanda sassa), wannan "tsoho" aiki daidai. Amma babban amfani da na'ura gun, wanda shi ne musamman dacewa a cikin hali na talauci horar da dakarun - ta ban mamaki AMINCI da sauki a cikin aiki.

ra'ayi

Duk da haka, wasu masana soja ga jam'iyyar ANC, har ma DShKM m. Gaskiyar cewa wannan makami da aka ɓullo da hakikar da na yakin duniya na biyu. Sa'an nan mu kasar ya kusan al'ada foda, amma saboda masana opted ga faɗaɗa kan da hannun riga. A sakamakon haka, da munition ne nauyi da kuma ba ma high iko. Saboda haka, mu zama majiɓinci - 12.7h108 mm. NATO yana amfani da wannan harsasai da Browning ... 12,7h99 mm! Kuma wannan da proviso cewa duka harsashi da kimanin guda iko.

Duk da haka, akwai wannan sabon abu ne mai kyau gefen. Domestic zamo harsasai biyu 12.7 da kuma 14.5 mm - a real fount na zamani gunsmiths. Akwai duk abubuwan da ake bukata ga halittar mafi m harsashi cewa zai riƙe su salla-girma halaye.

NSV "Utes"

Back a cikin 70s Soviet sojojin farko a garkunan. Murfin su matsa zuwa na'ura gun Nikitina zane, Volkov da Sokolov - "The Rock." Makamai, samu da rage tsawon sunan HCB, aka ɗauke shi zuwa sabis a shekara ta 1972, amma ya zuwa yau ya kasance na farko nauyi na'ura gun na Rasha sojojin.

Daya daga cikin siffofin bayãnin hukuncin ne musamman low nauyi. Tã yi nauyi na'ura gun NSV kawai 41 kilo tare da na'ura! Wannan damar da lissafi na real sauri su canza ƙaddarãwar a fagen yaƙi. Idan muka kwatanta da sabon gun tare da wannan DShKM, nan da nan buga da ta sauki, dunkule ne, kuma m zane. Flame arrester yana da wani conical siffar a cikin akwati, da wanda dama iya "gane" da "Rock". A makami da aka sani ga sosai daban-daban dalilai.

"Antisnayper"

NSV ya zama shahararren a cewa a nesa na daya kilometer (!) Radius daga cikin harsasai yada ba ya wuce daya da rabi mita, wanda ga irin wannan makami ne kusan wata cikakkar rikodin. A cikin na'ura gun kasance m laƙabi "Antisnayper" biyu Chechnya yakin. A fannoni da dama, wannan shi ne saboda da bayani dalla-dalla na aikace-aikace ne gwada da rauni dawo, kyale shi ya sa a kan kusan dukkan zamani gyare-gyare iko gani ga irin wannan makami.

Akwai kuma wani tanki bambance-bambancen, wanda yake shi ne raguwa NSVT. An saka a kan tankuna, da suka fara da T-64. Jagoran m makamai, T-90, kuma yana da nasa m. Rubuce NSVT a kan wadannan inji aka yi amfani a matsayin anti-aircraft makami, amma a yi shi ne amfani da lokacin da za a kashe ƙasa hari. Ku sauka wani zamani fama helikofta (ba a ma maganar da jirgin sama) na anti-aircraft na'ura gun ne a rubuce zai yiwu, amma da wannan manufa ne mafi alhẽri dace makami mai linzami Rasha makami.

Kord

Igiyar tsaye ga "Kovrov gunsmiths-Degtyarevtsy". Aiki a kan halittarsa a Kovrov fara nan da nan bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. Dalilin shi ne mai sauki: samar da "The Rock" a lokacin da aka a kan ƙasa na Kazakhstan, wanda ba ya sadu da dabarun moriyar kasar.

Cif zanen na sabon shiri sun Namidulin, Obidin, Bogdanov da Zhirehin. Dalili aka dauka da classic NSV, amma bai iyakance don banal gunsmiths ta zamani. Da fari dai, wani haske na'ura gun karshe samu wani mai sauri canji ganga. Yana da aka halitta da Korpela kusan dukkan cibiyoyin bincike, amma sakamakon ne kudin: shi ne sanya ta musamman fasahar, wanda ya samar da matsakaicin uniform sanyaya abu a lokacin da harbe-harben. Kawai saboda daya daga cikin siffofin na daidaito da kuma daidaito (idan aka kwatanta da NSV) ƙara kusan sau biyu! Bugu da kari, da igiyar shi ne na farko na'ura gun, ga wanda akwai wani "official" version na NATO harsashi.

A karshe, yana da kawai makami a cikin aji, wanda damar tasiri wuta a bipod. Its nauyi ne 32 kilo. Nisa daga kasancewa a gashin tsuntsu, amma biyu daga gare ku iya sata. Sighting iyaka a ƙasa hari ne game da biyu kilomita. Abin da kuma ya yi nauyi inji bindigogi Rasha?

CPV KPVT

Kuma brainchild Kovrova sake. Shi ne mafi m memba na aji na manyan-zamo kamar inji bindigogi a duniya. Makamai ne uniquely su fama ikon: shi hadawa da ikon anti-tanki bindigogi da kuma inji bindigogi. Bayan duk, wani nauyi na'ura gun harsashi CPV - "wannan", almara 14,5h114! A kwanan nan da suka wuce, tare da taimakon ku iya buga fitar da kusan duk wani fama saukar ungulu ko haske sulke da motocin m abokin gaba.

Ya ci gaba da wani talented gunsmith, ya shiga a 1943, a kan da kansa himma. Dalili ga zanen dauki-jirgin sama gun a 20 na kansa zane. Ya kamata a lura da cewa jim kadan kafin ta rasa jihar JARABAWA ShVAK, duk da haka tsarin da aka quite sauki ne kuma abin dogara ga manufar kafa Vladimirov. Mun digress dan kadan. Gunsmith cikakken iya gane nufinsa a rayuwa: ya nauyi inji bindigogi (photo cewa shi ne, a wannan labarin) a yau ya san kowane crewman suka yi aiki a cikin Soviet tankuna!

A lokacin da zayyana Vladimirov amfani da na gargajiya makirci tare da wani gajeren recoil, wanda tabbatar da kyau kwarai ko a "Maxim". Atomatik na'ura gun izni tabbatarwa ne kawai na atomatik wuta. A dakaru version na CPV da ake amfani a easel form, kama wani haske gun. The inji an kyautata sau da dama, da kuma a lokacin yaki da sojoji sau da yawa aikata shi a kan nasu, bisa ga yanayin da fama. Alal misali, a Afghanistan da dukkan jam'iyyun da rikici amfani da CPV tare da na gida shigar Tantancewar gani.

A 1950, da ci gaba da gyare-gyare tank lafiya tabbatar da makami da aka kaddamar. Ba da da ewa Vladimirov nauyi na'ura gun fara kafa kusan duk tankuna da Tarayyar Soviet samar. A wannan canji, makamai tsanani modified: wani lantarki rufe (27B), babu sighting na'urorin, wanda ake amfani da maimakon Tantancewar gani tank wurin aiki sojan igwa da kuma sojoji.

A Afirka, da Rasha nauyi inji bindigogi da jin tsoro m tare da duk, ba tare da togiya ne su yi amfani da matsayin na aikin sojojin da hordes na iri-iren miyagun ayyuka. Our soja shawara tuna cewa aiki a cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya dakarun sojoji suka tsorata ƙwarai da CPV, kamar yadda ya sauƙi mike tare da duk haske sulke da motocin, wanda ya tsaya ko'ina cikin yankin yammacin sojojin a cikin wadanda yankuna. Yanzu kusan duk "sauki" BTR da BMP m, maƙiyi ne da kariya daga wannan nauyi na'ura gun. A cikin wani hali, da frontal tsinkaya a gare shi ya "rufe" gaba daya.

Duk da haka, duk da nauyi inji bindigogi Rasha (Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin) sun musamman rare a cikin sahu na Mujahideen a Afghanistan. An yi imani da cewa game da 15% na Soviet Mi-24 rasa Martial dalilai, aka harbe saukar saboda wadannan makamai.

Tã inji bindigogi, NATO

A kasashen toshe NATO wajen samar da wadannan makamai da aka fi mayar tare da wannan Lines, wanda suka hankula ga kasar (misali, ya zamo kamar inji bindigogi kusan m). Sojoji bukaci mai iko ne kuma abin dogara na'ura gun, tare da daidaita nasarar rinjayar biyu ukryvshuyusya for parapets dakaru da haske sulke da motocin na abokan gaba.

Duk da haka, akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin muhimman hakkokin biyu makamai-sa makarantu. Saboda haka, Jamus Wehrmacht nauyi inji bindigogi a general ba a sabis. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa NATO ne, yafi amfani guda M2NV, wanda mu yanzu tattauna.

M2NV Browning, USA

A US Army ne sananne ga cewa ya fi son zuwa cikin sauri canza makamai amfani da samfurori a kan wani sabon da kuma alamar rahama. A cikin hali na M2NV wannan mulki ba ya aiki. Wannan "kakan", tsara da almara Browning, a sabis tun 1919! Hakika, na'ura gun MG-3, yana tsaye a kan makamai na Bundeswehr kuma ana sabunta hanyoyin kwafin na MG-42, "Hitler gan" za a iya kwatanta ta da shi a cikin zamanin da jinsi, amma shi yana amfani da NATO 7,62h51 zamo.

Na'ura gun shiga sabis a shekarar 1923. A shekara ta 1938, shi kyautata ta ƙara wani elongated kara. A gaskiya, a wannan tsari, shi har yanzu akwai shi. Tun daga nan, da "tsoho" akai-akai kokarin rubuta kashe, kullum gudanar da gasa domin maye gurbin da shi, amma ya zuwa yanzu wani isasshen madadin ga tabbatar da makamai a can.

A tarihin ta ci gaba ne da ban sha'awa sosai. US Army gaggawa yana bukatar wani nauyi na'ura gun, wanda zai samar da wani abin dogara kashi maƙiyi jirgin sama (da oda zo daga General Pershing, kwamandan Expeditionary Force). Browning, wanda ya gudu daga kwanakin shiga kawai kuma elegantly.

Tun kafuwar wani makami ne mai harsashi, da kuma wani isasshen zamo na'ura gun daga Yankees a cikin waɗancan kwanaki ba, ya kawai ya dauki harsashi 7,62 na da kansa zane da kuma ya karu da shi sau biyu. Wannan gwargwado aka gani a matsayin wucin gadi, amma da shawarar tabbatar da mamaki nasara: kusan duk nauyi inji bindigogi a West ne ta amfani da wannan ammonium.

Af, wannan wuri shi ne ya sa wani digression. Za ka iya lura cewa harsashi, wanda amfani da cikin gida da kuma waje da makamai cikin wannan rukuni, shi ne kusan guda. Mun riga yi magana game da dalilan da wannan sabon abu, amma bari mu ce 'yan kalmomi. Idan ka duba a kamanta tebur, za ku ga wani cikakken rashin harsasai 14.5 mm m inji bindigogi tsakanin NATO.

Wannan sake shi ne saboda da bambanci a cikin soja rukunan: Yankees zaton (ba unreasonably) cewa ayyuka na irin wannan makamai copes haihuwa munition tsara Browning. Duk abin da ya fi girma ma'auni, a kan yammacin rarrabuwa riga tana nufin "kananan kayan aikin" sabili da haka ne ba da wata na'ura gun.

Gun "Browning M2 HQCB" (Belgium)

Duk da cewa zuriya da classic Browning juya daga banmamaki nasara, ta halaye an shirya, ba duk Yammacin sojojin. A Belgians, wanda ko da yaushe aka shahara ga ingancin makamai, ya yanke shawarar gudanar da wani zaman kanta zamanintar da American na'ura gun. A gaskiya, da farko Herstal kamfanin nufin yin wani abu na kansu, amma saboda bukatar a rage kudin da tsari da kuma kula da ci gaba da haihuwa gudanar, masana aka tilasta yin sulhu akai.

Duk da haka, a kan ci gaba da makamai ne a wata hanya ba, a shafa. Belgium Armourers sanye take da shi tare da wani nauyi ganga tare da wani Saukake inji domin ta "zafi" sauyawa. Wannan ƙwarai inganta yaki da halaye na makamai. A baya versions, "thoroughbred" American "biyu" don maye gurbin da ganga da aka bukata a kalla mutane biyu, da kuma aikin da aka kawo hadari rarity. Mutane da yawa lissafin Zenith M2NV gyare-gyare sun rasa yatsunsu a cikin shi. Babu shakka, su ƙaunar wannan kadan makami. Machine bindigogi Browning anti-aircraft gyara da aka fi mayar da wannan dalilin aka maye gurbinsu "Oerlikon" bindigogi, wanda ba kawai yafi iko, amma kuma ba su da wannan hasara.

An kuma kara inganta Chrome ciki shaft diamita, wanda ya karu da cika fuska ta survivability ko da a karkashin danniya na fama. Nasarawa daga gun wannan iri-iri ne mai kyau, saboda ga maye kawai mutum daya ake bukata akwati yawan shiri ayyukan da aka rage girmanta, da kuma hadarin kamuwa da kone kusan babu wani.

Oddly isa, amma yana yiwuwa su rage kudin da Chrome gun. Gaskiyar cewa a baya amfani ganga tare da Stellite shafi. Yana da yawa fiye da tsada, da kuma sabis rai na ganga akalla biyu sau karami fiye da na takwarorinsu, rufi da Chrome. A ranar, da Belgians nuna daban-daban na zamani kaya da cewa yin wani tsohon M2NV za a iya tuba a cikin M2 HQCB sojojin regimental sandarka.

Na'ura gun L11A1 (HMG)

Kuma sake kafin mu - "wannan" browning. Duk da haka, a cikin harshen Turanci version. Hakika, muhimmanci kyautata da inganta. Kwararru da yawa la'akari da shi mafi kyau daga cikin dukan line na "zuriyata" M2VN.

Daga cikin sababbin abubuwa - da "m hardware". Idan muka bar kau da kai da lyrics, shi ne wani tsarin na damping tasiri da kuma vibration, saboda abin da wani nauyi na'ura gun zama sosai, sosai m makami. Bugu da kari, da gunsmiths na zatinsa gabatar da version na tsarin sauri-canji ganga. A general, shi ne a mutunta mutane da yawa kama da samarwa makirci, da Belgians.

wasu karshe

Idan muka kwatanta da data daga wannan tebur da bayanai game da gida nauyi na'ura gun, ya bayyana cewa wannan aji na makamai ne sun fi mayar da irin wannan. Bambanci a cikin na asali fasaha halaye na kananan, m bambance-bambance a taro. Yammacin nauyi inji bindigogi ku auna nauyi da yawa fiye. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa su soja rukunan wuya ya nuna yana da dakaru su aikace-aikace, samar da kafuwa irin wadannan makamai a kan kayan aikin soji.

The fi na kowa a cikin rundunar NATO bindigogi ne 5,56 da kuma 7.62 (su misali, ba shakka). Ƙarancin firepower raka'a biya diyya a manyan yawan horar da kyau da makasa da murfin da ke aiki a wani fama halin da ake ciki hari jirgin sama kungiyoyin da / ko makamai. Lalle ne, daya nauyi na'ura gun tank ne sau goma karfi yãƙi ikon, don haka da cewa wannan dabarar ne na da hakkin rayuwa.