Anne Frank. Anny Frank diary, biography, photos

Sunan Anne Frank aka sani da yawa, amma 'yan mutane san tarihin rayuwar wannan jarumi yarinya. Anne Frank, wanda cikakken sunansa shi ne Anneliz Mari Frank, wani Bayahude, an haife shi a Jamus, 12 ga watan Yuni, 1929, a lokacin tsakanin biyu a duniya yaƙe-yaƙe. A lokacin yakin, saboda da zalunci sha wahala da Yahudawa, Anna ta iyali da aka tilasta su bar kasar da kuma zuwa Netherlands tserewa Nazi tsõro. A lokacin da suka tsaya a cikin tsari, ta rubuta memoirs, wanda aka buga bayan shekaru da dama da yaki, a karkashin sunan "The Diary of Anne Frank." Wannan aikin da aka fassara a cikin harsuna da yawa, kuma ya sami fadi da shahararsa a ko'ina cikin duniya. Duk da cewa da amincin memoirs shakka a cikin shekarar 1981 jarrabawa da aka tabbatar da cewa su ne gaba daya na kwarai.

yara

Anne Frank aka haife shi a Frankfurt zuwa Yahudawa iyali. A yarinya da aka cikakken iyali: uba dauwa da 'yar'uwarsu. Anna iyayen, Otto da Edith Hollander Frank, sun sauki nagari ma'aurata: ya - wani tsohon jami'in, da kuma ta - a uwargida. Mazan da 'yar'uwa Anna aka mai suna Margo, kuma ta haife kawai uku shekaru a baya - Fabrairu 16, 1926

Bayan Hitler ya zama shugaban kasa da kuma Nazi jam'iyyar ya lashe zaben a cikin Municipality na Frankfurt, Otto, uba na iyali da aka tilasta su yi hijira saboda da tabarbarewar halin da ake ciki siyasa domin shirya a kasa ga dukan iyali da motsi. Saboda haka sai ya tafi Amsterdam, inda ya zama darektan na hadin gwiwa-stock al'umma. Ba da da ewa da dukan iyalin ya iya motsawa zuwa ga Netherlands na tsawon watanni shida bayan mahaifinsa dabba ba a kanta.

Lokacin da Anne Frank koma Amsterdam, sai ta fara halartar kindergarten, sa'an nan ya tafi wani Montessori makaranta. Bayan kammala karatu daga na shida sa ta canjawa wuri zuwa wani musamman high school for yara na Yahudawa asalin.

Rayuwa a wani tsari

A 1940, da Jamus sojojin gudanar ya karya ta hanyar tsaro da kuma zauna cikin ƙasa na Netherlands. Da zaran Wehrmacht nada gwamnatinsa a shagaltar da ƙasar, akwai fara wani aiki tsananta wa Yahudawa.

Anna kawai shekaru 13 da haihuwa, ta mazan da 'yar'uwa, Margot Frank, samu wani sammaci ga Gestapo. Bayan makonni biyu, da iyali tafi zuwa ga tsari. Anne Frank da iyalinsa sun iya boye a wani wuri, sanye take shugabannin kamfanin, inda mahaifinta aiki. Otto abokan aiki sun zaba baya na ofishin gini a abin da suka yi aiki a Prinsengracht, 263. Entrance ga komai dakin da aka yi wa ado kamar fayil hukuma, don kauce wa wani zato. Jim kadan bayan Frank iyali zauna a wani m dakin, suka hadu ne da wani biyu Van Pels tare da dan da likita Fritz Pfeffer.

A kadan daga baya, Anna fara rubuta memoirs, wanda baya sanya ta shahara, amma fitarwa zo ga matasa marubuci, da rashin alheri, ko ta bayan mutuwarta.

A Diary Anny Frank

Sukar da kuma masu karatu game da wannan aikin kawai sake tabbatar da cewa yana da daraja karanta. Yana nuna ba kawai da wahala, wanda ya sha wahala da Holocaust ya shafa, amma duk da Loneliness cewa an ji m yarinya a Nazi duniya.

Diary rubuta a cikin nau'i na haruffa zuwa almara yarinya Kitty. A farko da wasika da aka kwanan rana 12 ga watan Yuni, 1942, watau. E. A ran goma sha uku daga cikin 'yan matan. A cikin wadannan haruffa, Anna bayyana fi na kowa events a cikin tsari da ita da kuma sauran mazaunan. Marubucin ya bai wa memoirs kira "A baya cikin gidan» (Het Achterhuis). A Rasha harshen sunan fassara a matsayin "Mafaka."

Da farko, da manufar rubuta diary an yi yunkurin tserewa daga matsananci gaskiya. Amma a shekarar 1944 da wannan halin da ake ciki canza. A rediyo sakon Anna ji Ministan Ilimi na Netherlands. Ya yi magana da bukatar adana wani takardun da za su iya zama nuni da Nazi danniya da mutane, musamman na Yahudawa asalin. sirri tsarin sautinsu da aka mai suna daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci shaida.

Bayan ji wannan saƙo, Anna fara rubuta wani labari dangane da riga kafa mujallolin. Duk da haka, yin fitar da wani labari, ta bai daina cika sama da asali version tare da sabon records.

Duk da haruffa a cikin littafin da diary - yana da mazaunan mafaka. Shi ba a san dalilin da ya sa, amma marubucin ya zaba ba don amfani da real sunayen da suka zo tare da dukan sunayen laƙabi. Van Pels iyali shigarwar ayyukan a karkashin sunan Petronella da kuma kira Fritz Pfeffer Albertom Dyusselem.

Kama da mutuwa

Anne Frank, a takaice da labari, wanda ya nuna yadda shi ya tafi, ta hanyar, shi ne wanda aka azabtar da wani scammer. An ruwaito cewa wata ƙungiyar Yahudawa ɓoye, a cikin ginin. Ba da da ewa, duk buya a cikin tsari da aka tsare da 'yan sanda da kuma aika zuwa taro sansani.

Anna da ta mazan da 'yar'uwa Margot kasance a sufuri Westerbork taro sansanin, sa'an nan kuma aka miƙa ka zuwa Auschwitz. Sa'an nan da 'yan'uwa biyu mãtã aka aika zuwa Bergen-Belsen, inda' yan watanni baya da suka mutu daga typhus. A daidai kwanakin da suka rasa rayuka ba rajista, amma an san cewa jim kadan bayan da sansanin da aka 'yanci ta Birtaniya.

hujja na marubucin

Da zarar aikin da aka buga da kuma ya sami fadi da shahararsa, akwai shakku game da marubucin. Saboda haka, jarrabawa tawada da takarda rubuce-rubucen da aka za'ayi a 1981 diary, wanda ya zama wani tabbaci cewa daftarin aiki bai dace da lokacin da rubuce-rubuce. A cewar wasu asusun, wanda ya bar Anne Frank da aka gudanar a matsayin rubutun hannu bincike, wanda ya zama wani ƙarin tabbaci cewa aiki ne na kwarai, da kuma cewa Anna ne marubucin.

A littafin na aikin da hannu a Otto Frank, da yarinya ta uba, wanda, bayan ta mutuwa cire abun ciki a kan wasu da maki game da matarsa - Anna mahaifiyar. Amma bayan wani bugu na taragutsan da aka dawo dasu.

bincike

Bayan da yaki, da Amsterdam da 'yan sanda da aka tsunduma a burbushi da mutumin da ya bayar da rahoton da whereabouts da mafaka, mazauna Gestapo. The hukuma takardun na mai ba da labari sunan ba a kiyaye su, amma mun san cewa kowane Bayahude, ciki har da Anne Frank, ya kawo shi a bakwai da rabi guilders. Da gudanar da bincike don gano da mai ba da labari ya kare da zaran Otto Frank ki dauki bangare a cikin shi. Amma lokacin da blog ya sami tartsatsi shahararsa a duniya da kuma aka fassara a cikin harsuna da yawa, talanti Anna magoya kuma kawai mutane da suke so fansa ga asarar rai na mutane marasa laifi, sun nemi su ci gaba da bincike don m.

mai ba da labari

Akwai da dama theories game da yuwuwar scammer. Kamar yadda wadanda ake zargin kira mutane uku: ma'aikaci stock Willem van Kar, da baranya Lena Hartog van Bladeren uba da kuma abokin Anna Anton Ahlersa. Masu bincike da hannu a cikin wannan batu, zuwa kashi biyu sansani. Wasu yi imani da cewa laifi ne tsabtace Lena Hartog, wanda ɗansa ba shi riga wani fursuna na taro sansanin, kuma ba ta da son daidaitawa, don haka ya ruwaito zuwa ga Gestapo. A cewar wani version, da m ne Anton Ahlers. akwai mutane da yawa shubuha bayanai game da wannan ka'idar. A daya hannun, da ɗan'uwana, kuma dan Ahlersa da'awar cewa shi da kansa ya shigar da su cewa ya zama wani mai ba da labari. A daya hannun, da gudanar da bincike, wanda aka gudanar da Netherlands Cibiyar War takardun, ya gano cewa, Ahlers wannan ne ba da hannu.

gidan kayan gargajiya

House of Anne Frank ne a cikin wannan gidan inda ta kuma ta iyali a ɓoye, a wani tsari a Amsterdam. A cikin gidan kayan gargajiya akwai duk da magidanta 'yan da suka yi amfani da' yan gudun hijira. A lokacin yawon shakatawa Yanã shiryar gaya game da rayuwar yau da kullum na mazaunan boye wuri, yadda ake wanke, shirya daga sabo jaridu da kuma yadda za a yi tasbĩhi iyali holidays.

A cikin gidan kayan gargajiya ba za ka iya kuma ganin asali diary, wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar Anna. TAMBAYA daga memoirs gaya yadda yarinya so a taba itacen da girma a waje da taga, kuma yawo a cikin sabo ne iska. Amma duk da windows aka rufe m sarari, da kuma kawai ya bude a dare domin sabo iska.

Suna wakilta a cikin tarin da dama abubuwa, ma'abũcin wanda ya Anne Frank, photos da yafi. Ga za ka iya duba wani fim game Anna kuma saya daya kwafin na diary, wanda aka fassara a cikin 60 harsuna. Har ila yau a cikin nuni za a iya samu statuette "Oscar", wanda samu daya daga cikin actresses wanda ya taka leda a cikin movie cewa dogara ne a kan diary.

fim

"The Diary of Anne Frank" da aka yin fim a shekarar 1959, mai ba da umarni George Stevens. Babban bambancin daga littafin - shi ne wurin da Anne Frank rayu. A fim shãfe a kan manyan dalilan da memoirs, kuma ta halittawa yi kokarin kamar yadda daidai gani duk da irin wahalhalu da matsaloli da cewa mazauna mafaka yana da fuska. Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, daya daga cikin actress aka ma bayar da "Oscar".

Anne Frank, wanda biography mai cike da shan wuya mai yawa, wahalar da zafi, kokarin jimre da haduwar rayuwar yau da kullum a cikin tsari, amma ta diary ne sakamakon irin wadannan kokari. Haruffa jawabi ga wani ƙagagge aboki, daidai da cikakken zurfin Loneliness cewa an samu yarinya, da kuma magana game da azabtarwa daga cikin Yahudawa da mutane. Amma dukan wahalar jimre da ta kawai tabbatar da yadda karfi da nufin mutum da kuma yadda za ka iya tsira, ku dai yi kokarin.