Tarihi Zaporizhzhya Sich

Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa Zaporizhzhya Sich - shi ne daya da kuma kawai gabatarwa, da ke cikin yankin na Khortytsya tsibirin, amma shi ne quite wani kuskure ne. A gaskiya, a karkashin wannan sunan tarihi ya hada da wani yawan cibiyoyin na Dnieper Cossacks, wanda ya yi nasara juna a jerin. Kuma sun kasance, a wurare daban-daban da nisa da tushe daga cikin Dnieper, kudu da Dnieper Rapids (Saboda haka sunan "Zaporozhye").

Da farko Zaporizhzhya Sich - shi ne Khortytsia kagara (Khortytsia Sich), kafa a 1552 ta Prince Dmitriem Vishnevetskim a tsibirin Little Khortytsya. Yana da aka halaka ta Crimean Turkish sojojin riga a 1557, amma ta ra'ayin - kyau-garu sansanin soja - zarar farfado a cikin nau'i na wadannan kungiyoyin Sich.

A cikin duka, da tarihi na Zaporozhye Sech yana da takwas Sich, kowanne daga abin wanzu daga 5 zuwa shekaru 40: Khortytsia, Tomakovskaya, Bazavlutskaya, Nikitinskaya, Chertomlytskaya, Kamensky, Aloshkovskaya da Podpolnenskaya.

Mene ne kwastan da kuma ayyuka rinjaye a can? An sani, misali, cewa ga liyafar in Sech namiji ya zama free, babu aure, in Ukrainian ce bayyananna Orthodox (ko christened a Orthodox imani). Bayan da tallafi na Cossacks, dole ne ya sha soja horo, wanda dade game da shekara bakwai.

The kawai dalĩli a sansanin ya da Rada, wanda ya warware dukkan muhimman tambayoyi. Rada shige Oktoba 1, sa'an nan Janairu 1 da kuma a kan na biyu ko na uku ranar Easter. Har ila yau, majalisar za a iya gudanar a kowane lokaci a request daga masu rinjaye na Cossacks. Shawarwarin soma a majalisar wajibi ne kowa da kowa.

A al'umma na da Cossacks na Zaporozhye Sech mai suna Kosh. Ya shared a 38 shan taba, wanda shi ne mai raba soja raka'a. Kowane Kuren ya daga da dama dubun ga daruruwan Cossack. Bugu da kari, da kalmar "shan taba" wani ma'anar - da haka ya kira na zama gini, a cikinsa akwai "soja bukka."

Duk da cewa duk yanke shawara riƙi a Rad, Zaporizhzhya Sich da wani babi, wanda shi ne ataman. Bugu da kari ta zuwa ga babban ofishin, ya na da 'yancin shiga da mutuwa sentences ga cin zarafin da Cossacks. Musamman tsanani laifuka ne da wadannan: kisan da wani Cossack Cossack. wani, ko qananan, sata, yãƙe yayin da m; yi ƙaura. looting ke yankin.

Game da Zaporozhye Cossacks, su tsirar, ƙarfin hali, wadanda ba misali hanyoyin da gwagwarmaya sun mai yawa Legends. Kuma Gaskiyar zauna - sun iya samu nasarar tsayayya da karfi, da yawa kuma da-m abokan gaba.

A 1775, da Rasha Empress Catherine II hannu da manifesto, bisa ga abin da Zaporizhzhya Sich, ba kawai halaka, amma a hukumance lasafta Novorossiysk lardin, kawo karshen wani kai Zaporizhzhya Cossacks. A dalilai domin wannan mai banrazana shawarar da aka dogara ne a kan da dama events.

Da fari dai, Rasha ta sanya hannu tare da Crimean Khanate kwangila a kan wanda ya samu damar yin amfani da Black Sea, don haka da bukatar su kare kudancin kan iyakar bace. Kuma abu na biyu, da Cossacks rayayye halarci tawayen Pugachev, don haka Catherine II tsoron cewa haddin shari'a baza da Zaporizhzhya matakan.

5 ga watan Yuni, 1775 fara da m tsiyacewa Zaporizhzhya Sich. Sojojin Rasha jagorancin Janar-Lieutenant Bitrus ya zo a Zaporozhye TEKEL dare. Su tsince a rana lokacin da Cossacks bikin kore yuletide kuma ba su kasance a shirye don yin yaki. Bisa ga sakamakon da ultimatum Tekeli Zaporizhzhya Sich aka mika wuya ba tare da wani yaki. A taskar da archives da aka kwace. Bayan haka, Zaporizhzhya Sich aka hallaka da manyan bindigogi.

Bayan da tsiyacewa ta Sich Cossacks shiga rukunin sojojin na Rasha sojoji, da kuma tsohon saja zama manya. Peter Kalnyshevsky, na karshe ataman Zaporozhye Sech, aka fitar da su da Solovetsky sufi, inda ya shafe kabari shekaru 28 har sai da ya rasu. Wasu daga cikin Cossacks bar for Turkey, inda suka kafa Danubian Sich, wanda ya iya rike fita har sai 1828. Transdanubia Cossacks suka yi jihãdi a gefen Turkey, kazalika halarci danniya na yunkuri.