Peter Kalnyshevsky: biography. Canonization jigo Petra Kalnyshevskogo

Peter Kalnyshevsky - sanannen Ataman Zaporizhzhya Sich, wanda shi ne na karshe a cikin tarihin na Cossack jamhuriyar ya gudanar da wannan babban ofishin. Domin ayyukan aikata a lokacin da rayuwar wannan mutumin, bayan la'akari da Ruhu Mai taron majalisar Krista na Ukrainian Orthodox Church of rahoton na Synodal Hukumar ga Sanadin Saints, ya aka canonized. Sãlihai Petra Kalnyshevskogo tunãtarwa Nuwamba 13 a kan Gregorian kalanda, da ranar mutuwarsa. Kamar yadda ya rayu wannan mutumin, da kuma abin da abubuwan al'ajabi da suka cika a lokacin da yake rayuwa, shi ne cewa ya aka canonized? Amsar wannan tambaya za ta yi kokarin ba da labarin.

A farkon rayuwar ta tafiya

Kalnyshevsky Peter Ivanovich ya mai da 'yan qasar na kauye Pustovoytovka, wanda aka located in Sumy yankin (Ukraine). Shekara na haihuwa - 1691. Abin takaici, a cikin tarihin na kusan babu kiyaye data game da yara da kuma matasa. Facts game da farkon shekara ta tabbatar kawai shaidu ba, fãce tãtsũniyõyin cewa mutane da aka wuce daga fuska da fuska.

An sani cewa da aka haife shi a wani iyali na Cossack. Ba da da ewa uwarsa aka widowed, da Bitrus a shekaru 8 na shekaru zo zuwa ga Sich. Ko wannan gaskiya ne ko labari - ba a sani. Ta yaya ya samu a cikin tsari na Cossacks, ma, ba a sani.

A Zaporozhye Petr Kalnyshevsky samu farko da ilimi, shi ne wata makaranta a coci. Ya kamata a lura da cewa yayin da ilimi da wata babbar rawa a nan gaba aiki na wani Cossack. A Zaporozhye a majami'u da dama da makarantu suka buɗe, inda darussa da aka gudanar ta hanyar wakilan da limaman.

Sahihi da cewa wani soja ya fara a matsayin wani sauki squire. Kafin ta zama ataman, ya kasance wani kanar da kuma Maris 1752 for 1761, da kuma soja esaul a 1754, da kuma wani soja mai hukunci daga 1763 zuwa 1765

Kalnyshevsky wani sosai talented soja shugaban, m jarumi, mai wayo siyasa. Ya san mai yawa da ya iya. Ba abin mamaki ba da daɗewa ba ya aka bayar da sabon soja daraja - Laftanar Janar.

Kalnyshevsky aka kyau da aka sani a kotu. Fiye da sau daya, ya kasance shugaban Cossack ofisoshin jakadancin kamar yadda Bitrus I, kuma Ekaterina II.

1762 ya juyo a cikin rayuwarsa - Kalnyshevsky zaba ataman.

farko chieftanship

Peter Kalnyshevsky, wanda biography ne mai arziki a cikin abubuwan da suka faru na tarihi rabbai, an zabe Ataman fiye da sau daya. Da farko zabe ofishin aka kira: "The ataman - matukin jirgin da dukan sojojinsa." A wannan wuri da Cossacks zabi su babi daga cikin bravest kuma mafi gogaggun kwarewa da dattawa.

A karo na farko Kalnyshevsky Ataman kashe quite bit. Ya girma a cikin Cossacks babba ne. Ta cire shi daga wannan matsayin da Catherine II a matsayin mummũna, gwamnatin.

biyu chieftanship

Peter Kalnyshevsky aka haka mutunta a Cossack sojoji, da Cossacks ba ko ji tsoro, ka karya umurnin Sarauniya. Sabanin nufin Catherine II, Cossack jami'an sake zabe shi a matsayin ataman. Wannan ya faru a 1764.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa, a matsayin wani jigo, Kalnyshevsky rayayye ci gaba a Zaporozhye dabbõbi kiwo da kuma aikin noma. Ya so ya kara yawan jama'ar na wannan yankin da kuma wannan ya taimaka da manoma wanda ya gudu daga iyayengijinsu. Tare da goyon bayan da kuma sa hannu na Cossacks sau da yawa kai hari Tatars saki daga zaman talala na kasa. Ataman baya ware somin ƙasarsu a Zaporozhye.

Saboda Kalnyshevsky zarar Zaporizhia steppe samu da yawa sabon kauyuka. Peter Kalnyshevsky da kansa ya zama daya daga cikin arziki mutane a Ukraine. Ya kasance ma'abũcin yawa kauyuka da gonaki, filaye da makiyaya, da yawa dubban shanu garke.

Kalnyshevsky gangara a tarihi a matsayin shahara shuni. Ya kudi ya gina majami'u da kuma haikalin da dama Ukrainian garuruwa da kauyuka.

Kalnyshevsky da Catherine II

Catherine II taka muhimmiyar rawa ba kawai a cikin rabo Kalnyshevsky, ta sa hannunta zuwa ga halaka dukan na Zaporizhzhya Sich. Amma wannan za a tattauna daga baya.

A halin yanzu, an san cewa a wani lokaci Kalnyshevsky, kasancewa wani ɓangare na Cossacks daga cikin tawagar da kotu, ya dauki damar saduwa da Rasha aristocracy kuma suka tsayar da huldar diplomasiyya tare da amfani a gare su, mutane.

Wannan ya kai ga cewa a kan lokaci Kalnyshevsky Peter Ivanovich ya zama daya daga cikin mafi arziki da kuma muhimman mutane a Ukraine. Kamar yadda jigo, ya aka ma kiran su zuwa ga sa kambi na Catherine II.

Ya yi ne sosai m, kuma an lura da sarauniya, amma cewa ba zai shafi yanke shawarar cire ta daga ofishin Kalnyshevsky Ataman Cossack sojojin (shi ne na farko Kalnyshevsky kau daga ofishin). Daya version na wannan waki'a mai tarihin gaske, ya ce Sarauniyar bai so sosai himma mulkin mallaka na ƙasar ataman Zaporizhzhya Sich.

Lokacin da Kalnyshevsky zabe a karo na biyu, a kan umarni na Queen aka ma halitta na musamman sashen na gudanar da bincike, wanda Investigates da dalilai da irin wannan tsoro kashe Annabãwa bã da fādar sarki. Wanda ya san abin da zai yi ya kawo karshen gudanar da bincike da kuma yadda da yawa a raga zai "ya tashi saukar daga scaffold," idan ba yaki tsakanin Rasha da kuma Turkey.

Rasha-Turkish yaki

Royal kotun san cewa Cossack sojojin iya zama na babban taimako a cikin nasara a kan Turks, ba kawai Cossacks da babbar rawa a yaki. Catherine II yana da wani zabi illa "rufe idanunsu" zuwa da gangan zaben Cossacks Kalnyshevsky, ta tilasta su zo sharuddan da cewa ita da nufin ba hukuncin kisa.

Yana shi ne cewa ciwon da wani banbanci, kazalika da dũkiya, Kalnyshevsky ko da yaushe ya kasance ataman har rana ta ƙarshe ta kasancewar Sich. A kowace shekara domin shekaru 10, shi ne ya zaba shugaban.

A Rasha, yaki da Turkey Cossack sojojin ya nuna kansa kawai tare da mafi kyau hannu. Sarauniyar ya sosai yarda kuma ta koka Cossack jigo soja daraja Laftanar Janar. Bugu da kari, da jigo Peter Kalnyshevsky samu title of Chevalier na Order na Rasha Empire - Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Sich: karshen tarihi

Zaporozhtsy sun serviceable rundunoninsa, suka goyon Rasha a yaki da Turkey. Amma a fādar sarki hali a gare su ne zalla korau: da Cossacks an dauke da 'yan tawaye. Duk da yake ga Rasha, barazana daga Tatars, Zaporozhye sojojin jure da kuma yarda, amma bayan rattaba hannu a kan yarjejeniya tare da Crimean Khanate Empress yanke shawarar rabu da Cossacks. Prince Potemkin aka bayar da umarni a kan halakar Zaporizhzhya Sich. Saboda haka, a watan Mayu na 1755 da gwamnan Potemkin Tekeli kewaye da sojojin Sich.

Lokacin da Cossacks aka aza bindigogi, suka gabatar da Empress umurnin, wanda aikatã game da cewa Sich - shi ne mai barazana ga daular. Amma sarauniya so ga ya zama gaskiya, tunawa abin da taimako da Cossacks a cikin yaki tare da Turks, ta miƙa wa waɗanda fata zauna a zango ya bar soja sana'a da kuma tafiyar da aikin noma.

A Cossack majalisa, ina gangarawa Kalnyshevsky, an yanke shawarar don kauce wa wani mummunan juriya. Ba da dadewa, da Cossacks yi yaƙi kafada to kafada tare da Rasha kan Tatars.

Wannan shawarar da aka gaskiya cewa Sich aka hallaka da kuma daina wanzuwa.

A kara rabo daga Kalnyshevsky

Kalnyshevskiy Petr Ivanovich, wanda biography an gama wani sabon zagaye, da aka kama da kuma dauka a mike zuwa St. Petersburg. Tsohon jigo aka yi hukunci a ta Soja Collegium. Domin sava da umarni na gwamnati ya aka samu da laifi.

Yanzu masana tarihi sun sa a gaba da version cewa cikin hanyar shi ne cewa Kalnyshevsky so ya zama kafa wani sabon gaba daya Sich, inda Cossacks, kuma dukan tausayin Jami'in zai zama m kawai don shi.

Kalnyshevsky, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance 85 years old, aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa. Potemkin kansa aikata abin da azãba maye gurbin wani tsohon Cossack jigo zuwa lifelong gudun hijira a Solovki sufi.

Solovetsky sufi

Potemkin kokarin da yake da ikon, da Bitrus Kalnyshevsky karshe ataman aka ƙaddara a kurkuku ga m villains, wanda ya a kan ƙasa da Solovetsky sufi.

Kamar yadda jigo dauke musamman kawo hadari ga dukan na Rasha Empire laifi, ya aka hana da dama na sadarwa da kuma rubutu. Saboda haka, Kalnyshevsky yana kurkuku da kamar yadda shekaru 25.

Yayin da wasu 'yan sufi kiyãye ta 2 matsara, Kalnyshevsky nada 4. Ya aka yarda da su bar wurin gidan yari na 3 sau a shekara, a kan babban addini holidays: Transfiguration na Ubangijinmu, Kirsimeti da kuma Easter. Wadannan kwanaki ya halarci bauta.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa Potemkin da Catherine II har yanzu jiran 85-shekara zuwa yanzu. Its abinda ke ciki aka kasaftawa kudi mai yawa, ya aka ma dauke da wani m fursuna. Duk da haka m Koschevoi ba a lokacin yana gudun hijira ba fayil wani takarda ko Empress ko ta magada. Haka kuma, da ciwon mai kyau kiwon lafiya, da ya taba gani a matsayin Potemkin da Catherine.

saki

Petru Kalnyshevskomu ya 110 da haihuwa sa'ad da jikan Catherine ƙudura zai sake shi. Har yanzu Ataman aka kira su zuwa zabi wani wuri domin kara masauki. Tare da irin wannan daraja shekaru, wani tsohon mutum, ko da yake ya riga ya makafi, duk da haka ya zauna a wani sarari hankali. Ya kawai ya bayyana godiyarsa ga 'yantar da (bayanin kula, ba ba tare da wani kashi na irony), kuma ya tambaye shi izinin zama fitar a wurin da ya kasance haka saba wa shekaru 25 na kurkuku.

Kalnyshevsky: a kan addini

Da yake ataman, Kalnyshevsky ya sosai addini. Baicin ta ya na son su ci gaba da Ruhbãnãwa haƙĩƙa sunã da suka saurari shawara ta ruhaniya shiryar.

Lokacin da yake rayuwa ya kasance da Mafarin da kuma gini na mahara majami'u. Ya kudi, da yawa majami'u sun samu wani sabon coci kayayyakinsa.

Da yake fursuna na Solovki sufi, ya zira kwallaye ya taƙawa kuma tawali'u.

Bayan da kwato Kalnyshevsky rayu 2 shekaru. A 1803, aka binne shi a kusa da Transfiguration Cathedral, a cikin ƙasa na sufi. Abin baƙin ciki, da inda aka binne ta gallant jigo a asalin siffan ba su tsira ba, domin a cikin 30-ies karni na karshe a kan ƙasa, inda ya zauna Ataman, da kurkuku da aka sake maido da, amma wannan lokaci ga kasar nan da Soviets makiya.

Tun da binne wurin jigo zaune a kurkuku mutane kawai dasa lambuna, kabarin da aka kone a kasa. A tsawon lokaci, an samu da kuma mayar da dutsen kabari na nuna cewa wannan duniya aka binne shi Kalnyshevsky.

Peter Kalnyshevsky: canonization

M zuriyarsa kada ku manta da babban shugaban. A cikin kabari da aka gina wani gini da siffar Lika Koshevogo.

Nuwamba 13, 2015 Kalnyshevsky, godiya ga himma da kuma} o} arin na Ukrainian Orthodox Church karkashin Moscow Patriarchate aka canonized.

Daga yanzu, St. Bitrus Kalnyshevsky waliyai ran da ya canja wuri zuwa wani duniya - 13 Nuwamba. Bisa ga hadisai na Orthodoxy, musamman da salla, kuma wani icon da fuska na saint da aka ɓullo da.

A kan Hauwa'u na canonization na Petra Kalnyshevskogo Lardi na Kiev da All Ukraine Onufry jawabi ga Mai Tsarki sarki na Moscow da kuma All Rasha Kirill tambayar albarka da saye da sauran kaya daga cikin manyan jigo da kuma canja wurin su zuwa gidansa - a Zaporozhye.

Bayan da cewa tafi daga cikin 14 dioceses firistoci karantawa ibadar, a lokacin da Bitrus ya canonized Kalnyshevsky. A sauran kaya daga cikin saint, da limaman da shawarar da za ta kasance a cikin Ruhu Mai Virgin Kariya Cathedral.