Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolaevich, xan sama jannatin: biography

Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolaevich - ashirin da uku Soviet cosmonaut da gwajin injiniya na "Soyuz-10" da "Salyut". "Union-16" wani jirgin m. Member na jam'iyyar kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet. Ya samu da yawa gwamnatin awards ga aikinsu. NN Rukavishnikov farko sanya gaggawa saukowa kumbon sama jannati da hannu.

iyali

Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolaevich aka haife goma sha takwas Satumba 1932 a birnin Tomsk. Uwarsa, Galina, aiki a matsayin mai zane injiniya a kan reluwe. Uban rana - shugaban na yi aikin. Lokacin da girma, Nikolay aure Nina Vasilyevna, wanda da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin babban injiniya, sa'an nan ya zama uwargida. Suna da wani ɗa, Vladimir.

samuwar

A farko, Nicholas karatu a Uzbek makaranta a birnin Angra. Sa'an nan ya ci gaba da karatu a Tomsk. Duk da yake uwarsa da ubansa yi aiki a Mongolia daga shekarar 1947 zuwa 1950. Na tafi makaranta iyakar garin Kehtaitse. Ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare riga a Moscow a shekarar 1951, sa'an nan ya shiga cikin babban birnin kasar inji kwaleji (yanzu da jiki Engineering Institute) a Faculty of Banana sarrafa kwamfuta na'urorin da kuma aiki da kai. Ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1957 tare da wani injiniya-kimiyyar lissafi sana'a. A 1980, ya kare rubutun, ya zama wani dan takarar da fasaha kimiyyar.

Mai ƙaunar labarin kasa, lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi. Uba Nicholas gudanar ya qarfafa a dansa mai soyayya na radiodelu daga farkon yara. Nikolai kiyaye jin rai. A institute ya m na kimiyya aiki. Daga cikin sauran dalibai Nicholas ware halaye kamar son sani, na bincike tunani, himma da kuma thoughtfulness.

aikin Experience

Tun shekarar 1957 Rukavishnikov Nikolai Nikolaevich yi aiki a gidan rediyon CRI-58 m. Ya gabatar a kwamfuta aiki. A daidai wannan lokaci tsunduma a cikin zane, ci gaba, da kafuwa da kuma gwaji na kula da tsarin, ciki har da fasaha kariya daga makaman nukiliya nukiliya.

Daga shekarar 1957 ya yi aiki a cikin ashirin-farko sashe OKB-1 a matsayin m. Ɓullo da wani tsarin na atomatik interplanetary tashar management, ya halarci a cikin halittar shuka da kuma jirgin gwaji. A shekarar 1960 NN Rukavishnikov aka ciyar da su m m. Dubawa kungiyar da cewa ci gaba da sarari abubuwa gudanar da tsarin. Management son wannan inganci da taki na aikin, don haka Nicholas sauri girma ta hanyar da darajõji. Ya kamata a lura da cewa wani indulgences ya taba amfani da kawai kai nasu aiki.

Daga shekarar 1962 zuwa shekarar 1963. Nikolai halitta jirgin hadaddun iko da kuma aiki da kai ga aiki na bayanai samu, da kuma a cikin kaka na shekarar 1964 aka nada shugaban ci gaban tawagar.

Flight shiri

A shekarar 1964 Rukavishnikov Nikolay Nikolayevich aka aiko domin likita jarrabawa a matsayin dan takarar da 'yan saman jannati, amma bai ba da Hukumar damar. Bayan shekaru biyu, sai ya wuce wani likita jarrabawa sake, kuma a karshe aka nada a matsayin gwajin cosmonaut. A lokaci guda ya halarci a cikin halittar sarari abubuwa kula da tsarin. Bunƙasa da wani rukuni na na'urorin, jirgin tsarin, da dai sauransu, suka shiga a cikin gwaji.

A 1967, Nicholas zama memba na cosmonaut kungiyar soja da aka sanya wa testers. Har shekara ta 1970, ya gudanar da horo na musamman ga tashi a kusa da Moon da kuma saukowa a kan shi. A saba'in da farko shekara, ya aka ciyar da su gwada cosmonaut na uku aji.

Amma, horon da aka m: idan roka jefa gazawar faru, da kuma hadarin rayuwar 'yan saman jannati jagorancin iya ba. Voli da za a dage. Duk da haka, shirye-shirye domin jirgin cikin sarari ci gaba, kawai wannan lokaci zuwa orbital tashar "Salyut".

na farko jirgin

Its farko jirgin cosmonaut Rukavishnikov, wanda biography da aka bayyana, a wannan labarin, ya aikata a watan Afrilu na shekarar 1971, kamar yadda wani gwajin m "da Union-10." A cikin duniya shi ne karon farko da wani sarari jigila docked da tashar sararin samaniya da aka kammala. Amma da cikakken karyata kasa cika da tightness na hadin gwiwa, don haka da cewa gwamnatin rikon kwarya a 'yan saman jannati zuwa sararin samaniya, wannan lokaci bai yi wuri.

Na biyu jirgin Nikolai ya yi ashirin-Yuli 1971, amma kusan wata daya kafin wannan ranar, aka kashe daukacin ma'aikatan "Soyuz-11", don haka da tasowa aka dan lokaci soke. A watan Satumba na wannan shekara Rukavishnikov ya zama mataimakin shugaban sashen.

Na biyu jirgin

Na biyu jirgin Tomsk cosmonaut Rukavishnikov sanya a watan Disamba na shekarar 1974 kamar yadda wani jirgin injiniya a kan jirgin cikin "Soyuz-16". Jirgin dade 5 kwanaki 22 hours. 23 min. 35 sec. kumbon sama jannati kwamandan aka nada A. Fillipenko. A 'yan saman jannati sun jimre da aiki brilliantly. A shirin da aka lasafta a kan biyu gwajin jirgin, da kuma watanni shida daga baya ya zama dole to kwafi da babban ƙungiya daga jirgin.

Don yin wannan, "APAS" shirin da aka halitta (gwajin jirgin), a cikin tsarin na wanda ya aikata wani biyu jirgin. A shekarar 1975 Rukavishnikov N. N. shigarsu ƙarin shiri na gaba jirgin, kuma wannan a 1977, amma da post na "Union" kwamandan.

The uku jirgin

The uku jirgin a sarari Rukavishnikov sanya a watan Afrilu na shekarar 1979 ne riga a matsayin kwamandan, kuma wannan shi ne na farko jirgin a matsayin shugaban farar hula. Kamar yadda jirgin kusata da tashar sararin samaniya, akwai dokar ta baci - spontaneously rufe kashe engine. Kawai ta mai kyau umurnin Nikolai Nikolaevich ƙungiya ya tsira, suka koma zuwa ga tudun Duniya. A karo na farko gaggawa saukowa aka sanya hannu.

karshen flights

A tamanin da uku shekara Rukavishnikov - wani xan sama jannatin, ya kasance a cikin sarari sau uku, kuma ya fara shirya domin na gaba jirgin, da aka nada a matsayin memba na farko Soviet-Indian ƙungiya. Amma ga kiwon lafiya dalilai Nikolai Nikolaevich takarar da aka ƙi, kuma ya aka cire daga cikin shirye-shiryen ga jirgin. A shekarar 1987 da ya gabata daga yawan 'yan saman jannati saboda ritaya.

Rukavishnikov sau da yawa lectured a cikin al'umma "Ilimi", shi ya kasance wani memba na hukumar da kuma m manyan watsa shirye-shirye game da sarari. Har sai da ja da baya aiki a matsayin mataimakin. shugaban RKK "Energy" ya lokaci guda a matsayin shugaban kasa na Federation of Cosmonautics, da farko Tarayyar Soviet sa'an nan Rasha.

Rukavishnikov a matsayin mutum

Kamar yadda Nikolai Nikolaevich tuna duk wanda ya san shi, ya kasance mai matukar ban sha'awa da mutum, mai fita, musamman m kuma na gaisuwa. Domin ya san Nikolai Rukavishnikov sosai, shi ya mai ban mamaki bayar da labarun baka. Ya ko da yaushe ya amsa buƙatunka na neman taimako, da kuma wasu ma kira shi Tomsk Gagarin. A fasa-tunawa da shi da aka kafa a lokacin da yake rayuwa.

jannati ta mutuwa

Nikolay Nikolaevich Rukavishnikov - wani xan sama jannatin da suka mutu daga wani ciwon zuciya ya sa ta na huhu edema, sha tara Oktoba 2002 Wannan shi ne sakamakon mai wahala na Alzheimer ta, wanda aka gano a cikin cosmonaut. Rukavishnikov binne shi a Moscow Ostankino hurumi.