A farko na'urar for rikodi da kuma haifuwa sauti Edison ƙirƙira

A farko na'urar for rikodi da kuma sake kunnawa, wanda aka kira phonograph, sanya a kan Sahaban wannan wani saran ra'ayi cewa saboda ambaliya na so in ga wannan mu'ujiza da fasaha a Menlo Poark, inda ya rayu, marubucin ya sa karin jiragen kasa. Jaridu a duk faɗin duniya rubuta game da hawan mutãne zuwa wani sabon matakin ci gaba, wanda damar da harshen fassara sauti a cikin nama da jini. Sunan mai kirkiro - Thomas Edison Alva.

Haihuwar wani m ra'ayin

Shekaru masu yawa daga baya, sated da ɗaukaka da nazhivshy shahararre Jihar American baiwa, ya rubuta cewa daga dukan ayyukan, wanda yake taruwa a tsawon shekaru na rayuwar 'yan dozin, da sabuwar dabara na phonograph ne mafi sõyuwa da kuma muhimmanci. Ba da yawa tambayoyi da kuma amsa wata tambaya cewa ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa haihuwa na wani m ra'ayin, Edison raha ce: "Easy allura prick a yatsa."

A cewar shi, wata rana, yayin da aiki a kan kyautata na tarho, ya instinctively fara raira waƙa a rare kiɗa. Hannunsa yana cikin wannan yanayin kusa da membrane, wanda aka soldered da allura. A membrane, amsawa ga sauti na murya, sanya da dama bambancin. Tare da shi aka saita a tashin da allura haki m yatsa.

Kamar yadda a lokacin da mai girma Newton ta apple fadi a kan shi ya haifar da ra'ayin duniya gravitation, kazalika, da allura makale kamar yatsa, Edison da shawarar da manufa na inji rikodin sauti. A ra'ayin da aka sauki: idan wani zai iya gyara surface alama da fašakarwar allura, sa'an nan kuma sake kaddamar da shi a kan wannan allura, a haɗe zuwa membrane, lalle da ya kasance sauti.

singing membrane

Don gane ra'ayin, Edison amfani da wani cylindrical yi ta wrapping shi da laushi tin tsare. Sa'an nan, zaɓi ta membrane tare da allura, shi ya fara juya shi, ci gaba da rera wannan daya ya fadi cikin soyayya tare da song. Yana shahara a cikin wadanda shekaru fasa buga game da wata yarinya Mary kuma ta ɗan rago.

Allura cikin yin biyayya fara zuwa matsi da GROOVES a farfajiya na tausasa tin, da kuma lokacin da ya gama hanya, ya koma da shi zuwa saman da kuma kunna nadi, na ji sauti na kansa murya. Duk wanda ya kasance halarce a lokaci guda, stupefied. Soulless abu yi magana da wani mutum murya. Babu wani abu kamar labarin bai sani ba kafin. A wannan rana, Yuli 18, 1877, aka haife ta farko phonograph.

Abin mamaki ga kewayewa dukan of America

Duk da haka, ya hukuma da ranar haihuwa da aka dauke su 12 Agusta na wannan shekara, a lokacin da sabuwar dabara aka farko da ya gabatar ga jama'a. American jaridu rubuta game da dauki, wanda ya sa yanzu shi ne wani mataki mai mu'ujiza. Bisa ga shaidar, da yawa masu kallo sun samu wani real sufi tsoron magana inji.

Sa mamaki labarai nan take yada a kasar da kuma ya sa wani m dama. A gidan da ya kirkiro ya fara a matsayin wani taro aikin hajji, da cewa jirgin bai jimre da ya karu, yawan fasinjojin, da kuma gwamnatin da aka tilasta don gabatar da ƙarin jiragen kasa. Wannan sha'awa na jama'a da ake kira na farko na'urar for rikodi da kuma sake kunnawa.

Turai shakka

Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa yayin da a Amurka da sabuwar dabara da aka sanya da duniya babbar sha'awa, da mafi ra'ayin mazan jiya Turai, akwai mutane da yawa masu shakka waɗanda kokarin bayyana unprecedented sakamako na na farko swindle da kuma gurbata.

Alal misali, sa'ad da wadannan shekara da phonograph aka nuna a Paris Academy, daya daga cikin mafi daraja daga cikin mambobin - da Academician Jean Bulo - a fili ya bayyana cewa, akwai bayyananne zamba da kuma murya ba ya kasance a cikin na'ura da kuma nan kusa ventriloquist. Ya ma Sue da Edison, kuma anã izgili da daraja jama'a. Af, irin wannan zargin da aka sanya a kan shafukan da Rasha jaridu na lokaci.

A farkon zamanin rubuce music

Tare da fadi da kewayon m tunani, Edison ya ga ƙarya ba kawai a wajen murya rikodi, amma kuma music. Duk da cewa ta zamani matsayin, da ingancin sauti da kida ya ragu, duk da haka, ta samu a dumi maraba tsakanin music masoya. Kawai tare da taimakon ku iya rikodi da ajiye for zurriyar da wasanni da dama shahara virtuosos.

An sani, misali, hada da wani fitaccen Rasha mawaki Anton Rubinstein sosai hakuri cewa rikodin sauti da kuma masu haifuwa inji ba bayyana shekaru da dama a baya. Wannan zai iya ba da damar kai wa gaba zamaninsu yarda da juna, game da Franz Liszt da kuma nuna musu abin da Heights iya isa yin zane-zane.

A hade da iyawa kirkiro da kuma Oganeza

Game da Edison rubuta littattafai masu yawa. Wannan m-aiki kuma mai kuzari nugget ba samun isasshen ilimi, sanya up ga rashin sanin m karatu na da fadi da kewayon wallafe-wallafe. Characteristically, shi ne ba a iyakance ba kawai ga fasaha wallafe. Zai amfane rufe aikin da yawa daga cikin litattafansu na duniya wallafe-wallafe. Wannan ya taimaka wajen fadada nasu sãsanni da kuma tashi zuwa mataki na fahimtar duk matakai na duniya.

Ba kamar da yawa? Ir LonE Edison taru a kusa da shi a dukan tawagar kamar shiryayye mutane - mutanen da suke mallaki by wani ƙishirwa for fasaha kerawa. Kuma idan na farko na'urar for rikodi da kuma haifuwa na sauti ne sakamakon nasa ra'ayi, da kara kyautata da tsaftacewa na zane ne da 'ya'yan itace na hadin gwiwa aiki. Kamar yadda za a iya gani daga wannan, a Edison hada fice ikon ba kawai wani kirkiro amma kuma da Oganeza.

Da kayan aiki, wanda ya shiga cikin tarihi na duniya

Kasa da rabin karni da ya wuce tun da rana a lokacin da inji karo na farko ya yi magana da wani mutum murya, amma a wannan lokaci da rikodi kayan aiki da kuma sauti haifuwa ya wuce wani babban hanya. Sau da yawa canza sosai manufa na wannan tsari. A wuri na inji Magnetic rikodi ya zo, kuma da shi, bi da bi, aka maye gurbinsu da dijital. Duk da haka, na farko na'urar for rikodi da kuma sake kunnawa, bude mutane ta unprecedented yau, iyalinsu fasaha damar, zai sauka a cikin tarihi na duniya wayewa.