China railway. Kuma high-gudun layukan dogo China

Jirgin kasa tafiya a China - daya daga cikin fifiko halaye na kai duka biyu a kan kusa da nesa. Track kayayyakin da aka sosai raya, kuma yana da high quality. Domin ta yi da kuma kyautata dauki shekaru masu yawa, da kuma kudi. Railway daga kasar Sin yana da sadarwa da sufuri da tsarin na Rasha, Mongoliya, Kazakhstan, Vietnam, Korea ta Arewa.

Tarihi na Railway

A daban-daban na tarihi lokaci na Railway yi a kasar Sin shi da aka za'ayi a hanyoyi daban-daban. A 1876 aka gina shi da farko yanar gizo cewa ya haɗu Shanghai tare da Usuns.

A 1881 aka yanke shawarar gina wata hanya tsawon na goma kilomita daga gundumar ga mazauna Tszytan Shantsuan Suyge. A lokacin daga 1876 zuwa 1911 a cikin kasar da aka gina hanyoyi, da tsawon wadda aka 9100 km. A 1912, na farko ra'ayi na Railway yi aka samarwa. By 1949 da tsawon da masana'anta a kasar ya kai 26.200 km.

A Old China, yi ya m taki, a kananan yawa, kuma low quality. Canvas aza yafi tare da bakin tekun. A kudu maso yammacin kuma arewa maso yammacin kasar da babu Railways. Hanyoyi aka karya up cikin sassan da kuma sarrafawa da daban-daban cibiyoyin.

Lokacin da New Sin ya bayyana ma'aikatar layukan dogo, da Office wanda ya ketare duk dogo da sabis. shirin na aiki a kan yi da kuma fi na waƙoƙi da gadoji da aka halitta. Suka ci gaba da kasar Sin Railway ya girma zuwa 1996, kuma ta tsawon da ya kai 64.900 km. Gina da kuma gyara tashoshin, ta ƙara samar da dizal locomotives, lantarki locomotives, motocin fasinja.

By 2013, tsawon hanyar jirgin kasa ne 103 144 km. A sakamakon canji ya karu iya aiki da kuma gudun motsi na jiragen kasa. Karuwan kundin na sufurin kaya da kuma zirga-zirgar fasinja, ta ƙara yawa na jiragen kasa.

By 2020, jihar shirya ya gina fiye da 120,000 km na waƙoƙi. Railway yi a kasar Sin a cikin shugabanci na Khabarovsk. Bugu da kari, wani aiki da zai gama da Kudu Xinjiang Sin zanen da Kyrgyzstan.

Students Railways

Yanzu kasar Sin ta jirgin kayayyakin more rayuwa shi ne daya daga cikin mafi cigaban. A tsawon hanyoyin a kasar a halin yanzu tsaye a fiye da 110 000 km. Da yawa da hankali ne ya biya zuwa cin gaban Railway yi a tashar jiragen ruwa yankunan da kuma yamma, zurfi a cikin babban yankin.

Yawan jama'a a kasar Sin da aka unevenly rarraba, kuma mafi girma yawa makirci layukan dogo na kasar Sin ne a kudu maso yammacin kuma gabashin kasar. Don rufe dukan ƙasar da Jamhuriyar waterway cibiyar sadarwa ƙaruwa, sabuwar fasahar da ake gabatar.

rarrabuwa na jiragen kasa

A kasar Sin, babban adadin na jirgin kasa nuna haruffa da lambobi. Harafin nuna category na jirgin kasa. A kan jirgin kasa category rinjayar da gudu, sabis, yawan Tashoshi.

• Jirgin kasa irin «G» - harsashi iya isa gudu zuwa 350 km / h.
• Jirgin kasa irin «D» - gudun, ta gudu ne fiye da 200 km / h, tafiya tsaya a nan ba kawai a babban tashar. The jirgin kasa kunshi kekunan shanu daga farko, na biyu aji, akwai gadaje.
• Jirgin kasa irin «Z» - fada ba tare da Tashoshi, gudun tasowa 160 km / h, tsaya a nan ba a manyan tashoshin. Yawanci, wannan ne dare jirgin kasa, shi kunshi mota tare da zurfin kujeru da kuma compartments.
• Train «T» irin - Express, ta gudu kai 140 km / h, tsaya a nan ba, a manyan birane da kuma kai tashoshin. The jirgin kasa karusai da sessile, masauki kujeru da kuma compartments.
• Jirgin kasa irin «K» - yana da top gudun 120 km / h, tsaya a nan ba, a manyan birane da kuma a cikin kauyuka. Yana yana da wani wurin zama da motoci da kuma masauki kujeru.
• Jiragen kasa ba tare da wasika - Babu prefix, sun hada da tsohon tsarin da sosai low kudi.

Azuzuwan a jiragen kasa

A motoci a kasar Sin jiragen kasa za a iya raba 4 iri (azuzuwan).

• Soft sleeper - wannan Santa Fe biyu ko hudu.
• Hard bedroom - a Santa Fe da shida shelves.
• Soft zaunar da ku.
• Hard Sitting.

The jiragen kasa na irin «D» akwai manufar "da farko wurin zama da kuma wani na biyu aji," bambanci tsakanin su ne wurin zama ta'aziyya.

High-gudun jiragen kasa

Sin don ci gaba wajen samar da kuzari, kana bukatar ka da sauri da kuma sauƙi matsawa. Don wannan karshen, gwamnatin da aka yi duk abin da zai yiwu. Daya daga cikin mafi manyan sikelin-gine ayyukan ne da gina kasar Sin ta high-gudun cibiyar sadarwa. Yana yana da fadi da ikon yinsa, rufe wani babban yanki na kasar da kuma shi ne daya daga cikin mafi m, a duniya. Har ila yau,} ashin domin gina wadannan Lines ya a gasar Olympics a 2007.

M, high-gudun Railways a kasar Sin an gina a kan Piers - suna da wani nau'i na tsawon daruruwan kilomita na gadoji. Gudun da jirgin kasa ne kan talakawan 200 km / h. A tsawon wannan hanyõyi a Sin amounted zuwa 15 400 km da karshen shekarar 2013. A cikin jirgin akwai wuraren da matsakaicin gudun jirgin kasa zai iya ci gaba har zuwa 350 km / h.

A kasar Sin, akwai da wadannan rarrabuwa na line gudun:

• Al'ada (100-120 km / hour).
• Matsakaici gudun (120-160 km / hour).
• High gudun (160-200 km / hour).
• High-gudun (200-400 km / hour).
• Matsananci high (fiye da 400 km / h).

mai tsayi line

Gina high-tsawo Railway a kasar Sin, an fara tun a 1984. Da farko ƙware da sauki sashe, kuma a shekara ta 2001 ya fara ci gaban da wani hadadden kashi. A lokacin rani na 2006 shi ya bude mafi duwatsu Railway a duniya - da Qinghai-Tibet. Yana ta haɗu da kasar Sin tare da Tibet, ta tsawon shi ne 1956 km. A tsawon hanya tsawon na 1142 km a kafa ta hanyar duwãtsu. Game da 550 km Railway layi da aka dage farawa a cikin mai tsayi tundra zone, mafi girma tadawa na hanya kai 5072 mita saman teku matakin.

Fasinjoji a lokacin tafiya ba wahala bayyanar cututtuka na tsawo cuta, kamar yadda kekunan shanun suna shãfe haske, da iska da aka wadãtar da oxygen a cikin motoci, akwai kariya daga hasken rana radiation.

A babban tundra jirgin kasa ke motsi a gudun 100 km / hour, a kan sauran hanyar jirgin kasa tafiya a gudun 120 km / h.

Railway daga kasar Sin zuwa Tibet samar da wani barga alaka tsakanin jihohi. Kwanciyar hankali na samun da kuma tabbatar da shahararsa ba kawai ga mutane daga cikin wadannan kasashe, amma kuma domin yawon bude ido.

Railroads Hainan

China ta high-gudun Railways ana ci gaba ba ne kawai a kasar, amma kuma a kan tsibirin. Ban sha'awa da kuma musamman yi na Hainan. Railroad a kan wannan yanki na ƙasar ne wani zobe wanda aka siddan kasu kashi gabas da yamma halves. A tsawon zobe ne 308 km. Its yi a yammacin ɓangare na tsibirin ya faru a wani wuya lokacin yakin duniya na II. Yana da aka gina a sassa. A karshe, cikin aikin zai kawai za a kammala ta 2004. A 2006-2007, an sabunta hanyoyin, kuma yanzu hidima jiragen kasa zuwa high-gudun iyawa na 120-160 km / h. A shekara ta 2007 a can ne dangane reluwe tsibirin zuwa ɓangaren duniya ta amfani da jirgin fito.

Construction na layin a gabashin ɓangare na tsibirin ya fara a} arshen 2007, an kammala a shekarar 2010, kuma a wannan shekara, kashi na biyu na da zobe da aka sa a cikin aiki.

Features na Sin layukan dogo

A kasar Sin, akwai wani musamman yanayin don samun damar dandali. Je zuwa horar kawai a lokacin da ta biyayya. A cikin tashoshin, wanda shi ya wuce ba tare da tsayawa, za a iya lura kawai bauta wa tashar.

A China, talakawa kai links tare da kasashe makwabta. Duk da cewa akwai wani ta hanyar hanya da kuma data kasance ababen more rayuwa, da layin dogo daga China rufe iyakar kuma suna da don matsawa da ƙafa.

Siyan tikitin a kan jirgin kasa ma yana da halaye. All tikitoci da aka sayar a kasar Sin ne kawai a gaban ainihi takardun. Guest kasa tikitin iya kawai za a saya a cikin akwatin ofishin. Idan ka saya da na'ura da ka bukatar Sin ID-katin.

Akwai kusan babu commuter zirga-zirga.

Railway tashoshin a birane

Sin Railway tashoshin da hankula gine da kuma kama da juna. The kawai ware ne tsohon dandamali a kananan garuruwa ko a birane da tarihi baya.

New tashoshin gina yafi kan karkata na kauye. Data kasance Railway Lines canjawa wuri daga cibiyar da tsohon gine-gine suna rushe ko sha maimaitawa. Sin tashoshin za a iya kwatanta da filin jirgin sama - su ne babban, sanye take da kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma da yawa matakan.

A kasar Sin, ba shi yiwuwa don samun tashar jirgin kasa ba tare da tikiti, kawai wasu sosai iyaka kansu. Amma da haihuwa Railway tashoshin a kan dandamali kafin takardar izinin iya zama, don wannan manufa a cikin ofishin bukatar saya musamman tikitin. Yana bada dama zauna a kan dandamali, amma ba su kasa kan jirgin kasa.

Rasha-China

Bayar da damar gudanar hanya China ke tarihi da alaka da Rasha. A 1897 ta fara gina Sin Eastern Railway (CER), wanda shi ne kudancin reshe na Trans-Siberian Railway. A lokacin daga 1917 zuwa 1950, a sakamakon karfin soja da siyasa ayyuka, ta aka canjawa wuri zuwa China da kuma daina wanzuwa. Wannan ya faru a shekara ta 1952. A maimakon haka, ya bayyana a duniya taswirar kasar Sin Changchun Railway.

A nan gaba cikin jirgin China-Rasha saya shahararsa. A aikin da Eurasian high gudun corridor cewa zai gama Beijing da Moscow. Hanyoyi za a gudanar a cikin ƙasa na Kazakhstan, yayin da tafiya a kan su zai dauki kwanaki biyu.