Periodization na tarihi

Periodization na tarihin duniya ne na dama iri. Akwai kowa division, wanda dogara ne a kan dukan al'ummai na duniya - wannan ne ake kira da gargajiya periodization. Yana rarrabe irin wannan lokaci: prehistoric, tsoho, na da, farkon zamani, zamani sau da kuma na zamani.

Prehistory kira m sau, da nazarin tarihin wanda yake da wuya saboda da rashin rubuta kafofin. Duk wani bincike da aka dogara ne a kan samu kayayyakin gargajiya cewa archaeologists a lokacin tono bayyanãwa. Taimaka bincika wannan lokaci irin wannan related sciences kamar yadda ethnology, ilmin halitta, binciken burbushin halittu, binciken kasa, palynology, Anthropology da archaeoastronomy. Kamar wancan ne ta zo da za a kira da lokaci na karni na sha tara, a lokacin da sha'awa a cikin binciken na tarihi har zuwa sana'a matakin da shawo kan tarihi amateurism. A ka'ida, wannan lokaci za su iya yi amfani da wani tsawon lokaci, a cikinsa akwai wani rubuce-rubuce. A hasara na wannan shi ne gabatarwar da manufa na rabuwa a cewa rubutun bayyana a cikin mutane daban-daban a lokuta dabam dabam, don haka babu wani hadade karshen wannan lokaci.

Periodization na tarihi highlights bayan ci gaban da rubuce-rubuce da kuma mafi m daya daga cikin mafi hayayyafa lokaci - tsoho. A mafi yawa ana danganta shi da tarihi na kasar Girka da Roma, amma farkon lokacin dauke su farkon Minoan da Mycenaean wayewar. Yana da aka a wannan lokaci, akwai na farko jihar, akwai tattalin arziki da diplomasiyya da lambobi, kamar tsoho Gabas. rubuce-rubuce na faruwa. A cikin zaman jama'a Sphere za a iya lura da amfani da tribal dangantakar farkon na karfe aiki da kuma dangane da m ci gaba da sana'o'i. Wannan lokaci ne halin a matsayin lokaci na yi na marmari manyan gidãje da dukan gidaje. Periodization na tarihi na zamanin d lokaci ya ƙare da fall na Roman Empire.

Tsakiyar zamanai fara tun da fall na Roman Empire. Wannan lokaci ne da farko halin da tabbataccen dakushe zamantakewa dangantakar tattalin arziki. A wannan lokaci, ya tsananta da barbarous kai hare-hare a kan raunana na jihar, wanda ya kai ga fall na Roma a 410. Bayan haka, zai iya yiwuwa a lura da irin wannan shahararren events a matsayin babban hijirarsa na jama'a, da ilimi da francs States, Scandinavia, Moravia da Kievan Rus, Portugal da kuma Spain, da Byzantine Empire. Domin lokacin daga cikin goma sha ɗaya zuwa karni na sha hudu ne halin a hankali a hankali rikicin Frankish jihar, da m samuwar Jamus da kuma Faransa. Ana zargin Poland da kuma Grand Duchy na Lithuania.

Farkon zamani sau - wani lokaci zaunanniya daga marigayi karni na sha biyar zuwa tsakiyar na goma sha bakwai. A wannan lokaci, tsarin jari-hujja ne kunno kai, ko da yake har yanzu prevalent mulkin gargajiya tsarin. A daidai wannan lokaci, an yi ta da yawa Gwargwadon binciken, fasaha ci gaba, da ci gaban cinikayya da masana'antu, canje-canje a cikin ji na duniya, tsarin al'umma.

Periodization na tarihi na tsakiyar zamanai bayan la'akari da sabon lokaci, wanda aka dauke su karshen yakin duniya na farko. A wannan lokaci, akwai kasance m canje-canje suka fara samar da dama kimiyya a wasu kasashe zo absolutism rikicin, kafa majalisar dimokuradiyya.

Modern sau fara da karshen yakin duniya na farko. Rarrabe fasali na wannan mataki - yakin duniya na biyu, fasaha qirqire, ilimi, zaman lafiya da kungiyoyi na kasa da kasa aiki tare da ci gaba da dangantakar diplomasiyya tsakaninsu a duniya matakin.

A daidai wannan lokaci wakilan da akidar Karl Marx ka'idar raya daban-daban periodization na tarihi, dangane da yanayin samar. A Soviet sau, shi muhimmanci complemented masana tarihi, sabili da haka ya zama sananne a matsayin periodization na Soviet. A cewar wannan periodization, akwai wani m lokaci, bautar, feudalism, jari hujja da kuma gurguzu.

Wani irin periodization, da ake kira "planar", dangane da ci gaban mutum kasashen, misali, akwai wani periodization na tarihin Rasha, da dai sauransu A kowane lokaci, alama da waɗanda matakai da suke da muhimmanci ga tarihin wannan kasa.