Babban yanayin bangarori na duniya: da take, alluna da kuma maps. Abin da ake da sauyin yanayi zones zama a Rasha?

Weather a sassa daban daban na duniya tamu ne ko da yaushe m da yanayin yankin. Irin wannan kadan, amma a kowane yammancin duniya na daya ko wani halitta yanki yana da halaye. Yanzu muka dubi babban sauyin yanayi zones na duniya tamu kuma miƙa mulki, lura da babban fasali da kuma matsayi.

A 'yan general kalmomi

Duniya tamu, kamar yadda muka sani, kunshi ƙasar da kuma ruwa. Bugu da kari, wadannan biyu aka gyara da daban-daban tsarin (a cikin ƙasa na iya zama da duwãtsu, Shefela, duwatsu, ko hamada, da tekun iya zama sanyi ko dumi kwarara). Shi ne saboda tasirin da cewa yana da Sun zuwa Earth da wannan tsanani, quite daban da aka nuna a fagage daban-daban. Wannan hulda ya kai ga cewa duniya kafa babban climatic zones da kuma mi} a mulki da suke a tsakanin. Tsohon da babban yanki, halin da barga yanayin yanayi. A karshen kunkuntar ratsi mika layi daya to ekweita, da kuma yawan zafin jiki a cikin fagage daban-daban na iya zama sosai bambancin.

Tushen halitta zones

A karo na farko, geographers sun gano babban sauyin yanayi zones na duniya a tsakiyar karni na 19th, kuma sun kasance mafi yawa siffatawa. Tun daga nan kuma har a yau akwai hudu: iyakacin duniya, temperate, na wurare masu zafi da Equatorial. Bugu da kari, yana da muhimmanci jaddada cewa, yanzu masana kimiyya raba da iyakacin duniya sauyin yanayi a biyu jinsin yankunan - Arctic da Antarctic. Gaskiyar cewa Duniya ta zura sandunan ba tsakaitã, saboda yanayin a cikin kowane daga cikin wadannan yankunan ne daban-daban. A arewa, Oddly isa, da sauyin yanayi ne milder, a iyakacin duniya yankuna, har ya gana da ciyayi, tun rani zai dawo a kashe snow. A kudu, irin mamaki ba za a iya samu, da kuma yanayi saɓani a cikin zafin jiki a can a cikin rufi 60 digiri. Kasa ne taswirar climatic bangarori na duniya, da kallon wanda za ka iya sauri kewaya don su location.

Equatorial sauyin yanayi a kan ƙasar

A wuri na wannan halitta yankin - arewacin South America. Afrika ta tsakiya da kuma Congo Basin, kazalika da tafkin Victoria da kuma na fi Nile. mafi yawan Indonesian tarin tsiburai. A kowane daga cikin wadannan wurare za a iya gano sosai gumi sauyin yanayi. A shekara-shekara ruwan sama a nan ne daidai da 3000 mm kuma mafi. Saboda wannan dalili, yankunan da yawa a cikin yankin na Equatorial cyclones, an rufe shi da swamps. Gwada duk sauran yanayin zones da kuma yankunan mu duniya daga ekweita, shi za a iya bayyana tare da cikakkar yaƙĩni da cewa wannan shi ne rigar yankin. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa bazara ruwa sama sosai a nan zamanto mafi sau da yawa fiye da a hunturu. Suna fada a cikin nau'i na gajeren da kuma sosai ruwa sosai, sakamakon wanda ya bushe up a minti daya, da rana warms cikin ƙasa sake. Yanayi da zazzabi da hawa da sauka ba a nan - duk shekara zagaye ma'aunin zafi da sanyio an aje a cikin 28-35 sama sifili.

Marine Equatorial sauyin yanayi

Tsiri, wanda kara tare ekweita daga cikin teku, yankin da ake kira Dynamic m. A matsa lamba a nan shi ne wannan low, kamar yadda a cikin ƙasar, cewa tsokani wata babbar adadin ruwan sama - fiye da 3500 mm a kowace shekara. Daga cikin abubuwan, haka gumi yanayin zones da kuma yankunan kan ruwa halin da girgije da kuma hazo. Ga kafa sosai m iska talakawa saboda gaskiyar cewa danshi da kuma cika da iska, da kuma, a gaskiya, da ruwa surface. Gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu a ko'ina dumi, don haka da ruwa evaporates da sauri sosai, kuma ta halitta halitta yawa faruwa kullum. A zafin jiki gwamnatin na kiyaye a cikin 24 - 28 digiri ba tare da pre-kakar da hawa da sauka.

A wurare masu zafi zone a kan ƙasar

Kamar lura cewa babban yanayin sashi na mu duniya ne sosai daban-daban daga juna, da kuma shi ba ya dogara ne a kan yadda za kusa su ne da juna ana shirya. A karin misalin wannan shi ne na Arewacin, wanda, a gaskiya, ba don haka yanzu suna daga ekweita. Wannan halitta yanki ne zuwa kashi biyu sassa - kudu da arewa. A farkon yanayin, yana daukan wani babban bangare na Eurasia (Arabia, kudancin Iran, matsananci batu na Turai, a cikin Bahar Rum), Arewacin Afrika, da kuma Amurka ta tsakiya (musamman Mexico). Na biyu - wannan shi ne yankin ƙasar da wasu jihohi na kudancin Amirka, da Kalahari Desert a Afirka da kuma tsakiyar Australia ɓangaren duniya. Ga yake mulki bushe da zafi sauyin yanayi, tare da sosai m canje-canje a cikin zazzabi. Shekara-shekara hazo ne 300 mm, cloudiness, fogs da kuma ruwan sama ne rare. Summer ne ko da yaushe sosai zafi - a kan 35 digiri, kuma a cikin hunturu da zazzabi saukad da zuwa 18. Kamar yadda sharply da kuma yawan zafin jiki dabam a cikin wani yini - da rana na iya zama kamar yadda 40, amma kawai 20 zai kasance da dare. Sau da yawa sosai tashi a kan wurare masu zafi monsoon - tsananin iska cewa halakar da kankara. Saboda a cikin wannan yankin da kuma kafa haka da yawa Hamada.

Tropical kan duniya tekuna

Table of climatic bangarori na duniya ya ba mu damar da za su fahimci cewa teku yammacin sahara da dan kadan daban-daban. Ga wetter amma mai sanyaya, mafi kusantar su zamanto ruwan sama da kuma karfi iska. The adadin hazo a shekara - 500 mm. A talakawan bazara zazzabi - 25 digiri, kuma da talakawan hunturu - +15. A fasalin da Oceanic wurare masu zafi da sauyin yanayi da kuma suna dauke halin yanzu. Tare da gabar yammacin Amurka, Afrika, da kuma Australia ne sanyi ruwa, saboda akwai ko da yaushe mai sanyaya da kuma drier. Kuma gabashin gaba an wanke ta da dumi ruwa, sa'an nan sami karin ruwan sama, da kuma cikin iska zafin jiki ne yafi high.

Babbar halitta yanki: sauyin yanayi ne temperate. Musamman a kan ƙasar

Babban yanayin zones na duniya ba za a iya tunanin ba tare da temperate zone, wanda mamaye yawa na Eurasia da kuma Arewacin Amirka. Wannan yankin ne halin da canza yanayi - hunturu, bazara, lokacin rani, kaka, a karkashin abin da sun fi mayar da fluctuating zafi da kuma yawan zafin jiki. Conventionally, nahiyar yanki ne zuwa kashi biyu subtypes:

• Marine temperate sauyin yanayi. Wannan yanki, dake a cikin West Turai da kuma yammacin Arewacin Amirka. Summer nan ne sanyi - ba fiye da 23, da kuma hunturu ne dumi - ba kasa da 7. Ruwan sama zai iya isa 2000 mm, yayin da suka fada a ko'ina a ko'ina cikin shekara. Sau da yawa akwai fogs.
• Matsakaici nahiyar sauyin yanayi. Ga ruwan sama da rage-rage da cika fuska - game da 200-500 mm a kowace shekara. Winter ne sosai sanyi (-30 - 40 ko fiye) tare da m snow, da kuma lokacin bazaar ne zafi da kuma bushe - har zuwa 40, wanda a fili ya nuna tebur na yanayin bangarori na duniya. Bugu da ƙari, da kara wani batu ne m daga cikin tẽku, da drier da shi, da kuma zafin jiki da bambance-bambance a can sharper.

A iyakacin duniya yankuna na Duniya

High matsa lamba zones suna located a cikin matsananci arewa da matsananci kudu na duniya. A cikin farko idan, shi ruwa, da Arctic Ocean kuma duk suna can tsibirin. A karo na biyu idan ne Antarctica. Taswirar climatic bangarori na duniya sau da yawa ya nuna mu, mu biyu zones ya zama m, a da yanayin yankin. A gaskiya, bambancin dake tsakanin su ne. A Arewa shekara-shekara hawa da sauka a cikin zafin jiki ne kamar 40 digiri. A cikin hunturu, da zazzabi da aka saukar da zuwa -50, da kuma bazara warmed zuwa +5. A Antarctica, da zazzabi bambanci kamar yadda 60 digiri, sanyi da hunturu a nan shi ne sosai m -70 ko fiye, kuma a lokacin rani da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio lẽƙãwa a sifili. A halayyar sabon abu ga biyu dogayen sanda - na iyakacin duniya a dare da rana. A lokacin rani da rana domin 'yan watanni ba ya tafi a kan sararin sama, da kuma a cikin hunturu, bi da bi, bai bayyana a kowane.

Tsaka-climatic bangarori na duniya

Wadannan halitta zones suna located tsakanin babban. Duk da wannan, suna da nasu halaye da cewa bambanta su daga jama'a. Yawanci, irin wannan mika mulki zones ne wuraren da akwai wani m weather, al'ada zafi da kuma matsakaici iskõki. Tsaka-climatic zones da aka gano a cikin marigayi 19th karni, su rarrabuwa zauna canzawa zuwa wannan rana. Su sunayen da aka sani ga kowane schoolchild - sub-Equatorial, subtropical da kuma subpolar. Yanzu muka dubi kowane daga cikinsu.

An bayyani na tsaka yanayi yankunan

• Sub-Equatorial sauyin yanayi. Halin da yanayi weather canje-canje. A cikin hunturu, da iska shugabanci zai zama a nan wurare masu zafi iska talakawa. Saboda ruwan sama ne musamman kananan, iska samun mai sanyaya, da girgije, sa'an wãtsattsiya. A lokacin rani da iska shugabanci ya canjãwa, da nan ya zo da Equatorial cyclones. A sakamakon haka, wata babbar adadin ruwan sama da dama - 3000 mm, shi ya zama mai zafi.
• Subtropical. Dake tsakanin yammacin sahara da temperate latitudes. Ga halin da ake ciki shi ne irin wannan. Summer iska tanã gudu daga yammacin sahara, saboda wanda ya zama sosai zafi da kuma rana. Winter zo cyclones da matsakaici latitudes zama sanyi, snow ne, wani lokacin, amma ba m cover kafa.
• Subpolar sauyin yanayi. Zone m tsauri, high zafi da kuma sosai low yanayin zafi - fiye -50. Abin lura shi ne cewa a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere subpolar zone rufe yafi cikin ƙasar, kuma a cikin ta Kudu - shi ne mai ɗamfarar yanki a cikin Antarctic yankin.

Mene ne sauyin yanayi zones a Rasha?

Our kasar da aka dake arewacin yammancin duniya da kuma a lokaci guda, a gẽfen gabas. A sauyin yanayi a nan fara da nunawa a cikin ruwaye na Arctic Ocean da kuma kawo karshen kan gaba daga cikin Black Sea da kuma Caucasus. Yanzu mu lissafa duk sunayen da babban yanayin zones, wanda ake samu a Rasha: Arctic, subarctic, temperate, subtropical. Mafi yawa daga cikin karkarar kasar ne temperate bel. An conventionally zuwa kashi hudu iri: temperate nahiyar, nahiyar, sharply nahiyar da kuma monsoon. A zafi matakin da zazzabi canje-canje ya dogara ne a kan yadda warai a cikin nahiyar ne Gwargwadon abu. A general, jihar ne halin da gaban dukan hudu yanayi, zafi da kuma bushe lokacin bazaar, kuma sanyi winters, tare da m snow murfin.

ƙarshe

Features na duniya da sauyin yanayi dogara sun fi mayar a kan ƙasa wadda a kanta aka located. Arewa duniya sun fi mayar da rufe ƙasar, saboda akwai da aka kafa a ake kira Dynamic zone iyakar. Ko da yaushe kiyaye low ruwan sama, da tsananin iska da kuma manyan yanayi zafin jiki da hawa da sauka. Babban sauyin yanayi zones na arewacin yammancin duniya - shi ne iyakacin duniya zone, matsakaici, da kuma wurare masu zafi. A kudu na duniya mafi yawan ƙasa ne ruwa. A sauyin yanayi ne ko da yaushe mafi gumi, da zazzabi da bambance-bambance karami. Mafi yawa daga cikin kasashen nan ne a subequatorial latitudes, da yammacin sahara da subtropics. Temperate Belt lissafta kawai a kan wani kananan mãkirci na ƙasar a kudancin Amirka. Har ila yau, wani gagarumin ɓangare na ƙasar daukan Antarctic yanki, wanda aka located a kasar na da wannan sunan.