Abin da yake a cikin mayar da gefe na da watã? Abin da filayen kwarinta located a kan mayar da gefe na da watã? Abin da yake a cikin tẽku gefe na da watã?

A daya dubu ɗari tara da hamsin da tara shekara na kungiyar tarayyar Soviet Socialist jamhuriyoyin karo na farko a duniya su nuna wa mutane cewa shi ne a kan mayar da gefe na da watã. A hotunan da aka dauka da atomatik interplanetary tashar "Luna-3» (Lunik-3). A airless sarari kumbon sama jannati kaddamar Oktoba 4 tare da taimakon m roka "Vostok-L."

Gargadi! Hats!

Musamman images AMC "aika" a karfe uku da safe Oktoba 7, 1959. Karbar siginar samar Simeiz Observatory (yanzu a raba Crimean Astrophysical Observatory). Iri "ganuwa gefe na watã", canjawa wuri zuwa ƙasa, ya rufe nesa 483 000 km.

Neman a Heart images, da yawa mamaki "a tabo": shi ne a kan gefen da watã? Eh, da image quality ne matalauta, amma da suka kasance sunã mined! Tarayyar Soviet Research shugaban samu dama don kiran bude a farfajiya na kusa da tauraron dan adam wurare.

A dukan duniya san abin da teku ne located a kan mayar da gefe na watã - Moscow. Sashe na daga shi, jutting zurfi a cikin ƙasa, da ake kira Gulf of 'yan saman jannati. A bakin dutse ne game da 60 mil (96.5 km) daga gare shi ya kasance da sunan Farfesa Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, majagaba na cosmonautics, wanda ya mutu a shekarar 1935. Ridge kusa ekweita alfahari busa kamar Soviet. Duhu tabo kusa da kan iyaka da ake iya gani da kuma ganuwa sassa na Moon ya Tekun Dreams. takwas manyan siffofin da aka gano.

A zumunta uniformity

Shugaban astronomical majalisar Academy of Sciences, Farfesa Alexander Mikhailov (1888-1983), da yake magana a kan Radio Moscow, ya ce zumunta uniformity na nisa gefen watã. Ya nuna cewa ilmin Taurari da kuma geologists da bayyana sabon abu, wanda, babu shakka, saboda da tambaya akan asalin Lunar topography.

Total na 6 zuwa 7 Oktoba kamara atomatik interplanetary tashar "Luna-3" sanya 29 hotuna. All kayan aiki, ciki har da video, aiki kamar yadda sarrafawa sakonni daga Duniya, da kuma tare da samar da jirgin na'urorin. harbi lokaci zabi daidai da rana ta matsayi. Shirye ga wani photo shoot AMC ne tsakanin luminary da Moon. Sa'an nan na gudanar da cire 70 da cent boye daga mutum ƙasa.

Kafin cewa za'ayi biyu mafi jefa: tauraron dan adam "Luna-1" ya tashi da kuma lãlãce cikin bude sarari. "Luna 2" ya fadi a farfajiya na "Queen daga cikin Night." Tare da wadannan tashoshin ba ma hadaddun tsarin aiki daga ayyukan kamar fitarwa na'urorin ga interplanetary madawwama biyu, hanyoyin da rike wani rediyo, da sauransu. D. Duk abin da aka yi domin yin amfani da su zai iya gaya mutãne tare da amincewa da cewa shi ne a kan mayar da gefen Moon.

asirin saukar

"Luna-3" ya gaske sabon zane: da kayan aiki na na'urorin na fuskantarwa yanzu, mai yiwuwa, za a kira "GLONASS tsarin". AMC yi aiki a kan hasken rana bangarori. Launch kwanan wata aka ƙare zuwa ranar tunawa da jirgin na farko wucin gadi Duniya da tauraron dan adam da aka saki a cikin sarari guda Oktoba 4, 1957. Akwai wani real juyin juya halin a sarari bincike sanya babbar kasa da Tarayyar Soviet.

"Koyarwa" da tauraron dan adam fix cewa shi ne a kan mayar da gefe na da watã, photo masu bincike so don samun fiye da 29 guda. Af, hanyoyi daban-daban na daukar hoton wani image, albeit ba sosai high quality, za a iya samu kawai daga kyamara da spotlighting. Aika da farko jerin m "hotuna", da tashar ba zato ba tsammani daina aika bayanai.

Wannan ya fi yiwuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa a lokacin da watsa bayanai, da batura ne matattu (ko watakila akwai wani karo da wani meteorite?). Kila, naúrar aka ƙone a cikin yanayi a cikin bazara na shekarar 1960 (amma iya kuma tsira har 1962). Duk da haka, da asiri da aka warware.

ƙungiyar mawaƙa na juyawa

Me ake duniya bayyane daga Earth ne ko da yaushe a gefe daya ne kawai? Saboda wannan, ba shi yiwuwa a san abin da yake a kan mayar da gefen wata! Dalilin ta'allaka ne da cewa Selena aikin madawwama biyu a kusa da Duniya a daidai wannan lokacin a lokacin da Duniya ya jũya a kan ta axis. Axial da orbital juyawa ne 27,3 kwanaki. Traffic aiki tare faru game da biliyan 4 da suka wuce.

Amma ga magana "da duhu gefe na watã", shi ne dimbin yawa (ganuwa, saboda haka narkakken). A gaskiya, da rãnã haskaka mu "romantic maƙwabcinsa" daga duk bangarorin ko'ina. Yana da aka sau daya zaton synchronism juyawa daga cikin Duniya da kuma Moon - na musamman sabon abu.

Recent binciken da tabbatar da cewa kusan duk manyan da tauraron dan adam na taurari suna juya wannan hanya. Su suna magana ne da "uwargida" a gefe daya. Wannan ya nuna alamu halayyar da yanayin da kowa ci gaban da dokar a karfi a duniya. Su take hakkin iya kai wa ga unpredictable sakamakon.

Moray kadan

Gefen da Moon, akwai? A teku! Mutane da yawa ji cewa hanya. Bayan duk, da mutane da ake iya gani wani ɓangare na "sickle" waɗanda ba su ƙidaya! Suka lalle ba su duba ba zuwa ga ƙasa - wannan shi ne mai babbar tsoho lawa gudana. A kan jefa gefen suna da yawa karami, ko da yake za ze, da sarari ya mika a kan dukan surface na duniya, kamar yadda aka belting shi (Franz ka'idar).

Bugu da ƙari, ya bude a 1959 a Moscow Sea (mamaye da yankin na Moscow Region) da kuma mafarki ne suna fadin a size. Da masu bincike suka yi mamakin: Shin da wuri mai faɗi da jam'iyyun don haka daban-daban? Me ya sa?

Don samun amsoshin, da ake bukata more in-zurfin nazari. Research ci gaba a 1965. Station "Bincike 3" ya tafi da Lunar surface. Its atomatik "ido" ta yaba ba a baya rufe sarari, wannan kashi 30 cikin dari. A jeri na bangaren daga cikin jam'iyyun da aka cika tabbatar.

Mountains da craters da yawa

Saboda haka, a kan "fuska" na Selena mamaye da teku, da kuma cewa a kan mayar da gefe na da watã? Akwai aka mamaye duwãtsu, kuma craters. Dissimilarity wasu bayyana ka'idar biyu amaryar wata, da kuma zaman lafiya da ƙare har kasancewa kadan bumped a cikin wani babban daya.

Bayan biyu Hadakar daukar hoto aiki gefe na watã yin fim kahu sosai cewa a bayyane haske yankin "halves" (su - arewa da kuma kudu nahiyoyi) shuts overleaf. Wannan yana nufin cewa akwai wata uniform nahiyar garkuwa. Sea - wani abu a ciki da nahiyoyi, ciko mafi zurfi depressions da kuma m ɓawon burodi na da watã.

Komowa zuwa illuminance asirai na yanayi - Selena, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa akwai nooks inda shi da yaushe duhu. Alal misali, irin wannan zurfin craters cewa hasken rana ba ta kai ga kasa. Yana yiwuwa a cikin madawwami duhu na tara babbar adibas na kankara cewa mutane zai iya classified a matsayin NC (gaggawa wadata).

Lunar Observatory

Yana yiwuwa a halitta da kwantena za a iya adana iska wadata da kuma roka man fetur. The Far Side Moon aka halitta kare daga Duniya ta igiyoyin rediyo - mai kyau wuri domin radiosensitive Observatory gano rufe craters.

Amma amsar wannan tambaya game da abin da yake a kan filayen kwari gefe na da watã? South West! Saboda haka, a cikin wasu littattafan da bakin dutse pool Kudu iyakacin duniya - Aitken. A mafi ban mamaki kofin-dimbin yawa ciki a cikin farfajiya na Selene - bakin dutse Aitken, kama wani dutse range. Yana yana da wani gwada lebur kasa, kewaye da wani zobe-dimbin yawa tãyar da shaft. The abu lullube for 2250 kilomita, da zurfin a wurare daban-daban 8-16 kilomita.

Game da fifiko na Tarayyar Soviet a cikin sunan Lunar ƙasa siffofin, da babbar kasa bar a cikin memory daga ƙarnõni na earthlings wadannan sunayen: craters: Kurchatov, Mendeleev, Popov, Sklodowska-Curie, Gagarin, Korolev, da dai sauransu To, da Moscow Sea Dreams ..