A manufofin da Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation da kuma hanyoyin da su aiwatar da

A mafi yawan kasashe a duniya kafa a kasa banki, shi ne alhakin aiki na kudi tsarin. A Rasha, wannan iko jarin da Bankin Rasha. Ƙarƙashin ikon da babban bankin na Rasha Federation - widest kewayon ayyuka. Nasarar da bayani dogara sun fi mayar a kan zaman lafiya da kuma taki na ci gaban kasa da tattalin arziki. Mene ne takamaiman manufofin da Bank of Rasha? Mene ne ta tsarin siga, da kuma yadda shi na taimaka wa bayani na ayyuka a cikin ma'aikata?

Janar bayani game da CBR

The Bank of Rasha - wata shari'a mahaluži, aiki da kansa daga wata gwamnati jikinsu. Duk da haka, ta aiki ne da lissafi ga jihar Duma, da izini babban birnin kasar da kuma sauran dukiya daga cikin kungiyar ne da dukiya na jihar. Nufa, ayyuka da kuma ayyukan da bankin Rasha a matsayin dukan masu kama da wadanda suke da kasa bankuna a wasu ƙasashe.

A musamman, Central Bank - kadai ma'aikata wadda na da hakkin ya fitowa da kasa kudin, da kuma tsara ta wurare dabam dabam a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. CBR ba a dauke su zama batun haraji rahoto, shi daukawa halin kaka ta hanyar cin gajiyar. Dalilin da Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation ba ya inganta da kisan wajibai na jihar, da kuma mataimakin versa. Sai dai in, ba shakka, mai raba yarjejeniya ba saka in ba haka ba.

Bari yanzu mu bincika jigon da key manufofin da shugaban Rasha ta banki ma'aikata.

The main manufofin babban bankin na Rasha Federation

A daidai da arziki na Tarayya Dokar № 86 na 10.06.2002 shekara, wanda shirya ayyuka na Central Bank of Rasha Federation, babban makasudin babban bankin na Rasha Federation wadannan.

Na farko, shi ne kariya daga Rasha na kasa kudin - da ruble - daga darajar musayar kudi da hawa da sauka da kuma jita-jitar da effects. Abu na biyu, shi ne na zamani da kuma ci gaban jihar na banki tsarin. Na uku, tabbatar da aiki na biyan bashin sunadaran a jihar tattalin arzikin.

La'akari da manufa data babban bankin na Rasha Federation more.

Kariya na kasa kudin

A mafi zamani jihohin musayar kudi da aka kafa da farko a kan tushen da yardar kaina-aiki inji na wadata da kuma bukatar a kasuwar kasa da kasa. Nawa ya kamata a ruble aka ƙaddara, haka muhimmanci rinjayi waje tattalin arziki dalilai.

Goals, manufofin da kuma ayyukan da ayyuka na Central Bank of Rasha Federation da aka fi mayar da nufin tantance tsakanin wadannan dalilai su ne waɗanda da shafi kasa kudin na Rasha barnatar, ba su da wata kasuwar yanayi. Ko da su mataki ne quite istinbadi, amma aiki ne ba a cikin sha'awa na State Bank of Rasha iya hamayya da su. Ta yaya? Ta hanyar abin da hanyoyin?

Da farko, shi ne dauke da fitar, idan ya cancanta, kasashen waje musayar shiga tsakani - sayayya ko tallace-tallace na zaman samuwa ga kasa ko kudin kasashen waje domin kara ko, conversely, rage matakin na ta samar a kasuwa. Samar da, misali, wani ragi daloli a kan kasuwar yankin a cikin abin da ruble ciniki, Babban Bankin zai iya rage ta kudi. Bi da bi, da na kasa kudin na Rasha Federation mafi tsada.

Amma yanzu da siyasa da kuma manufofin da Central Bank of Rasha nufin rage tsangwama tare da kasuwar sunadaran da ruble. Ainihi, wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa, babban hanya ga Babban Bankin kasashen waje musayar shiga tsakani - monetary reserves na jihar. Saboda sakamakon da rikicin yayi CBR management fi son ba ka ciyar da su a kan sa baki a cikin kasuwar sunadaran cewa, samar da hanya.

A ci gaba da banki tsarin

A manufofin da Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation sun hada da kula da aiki da kuma ci gaban kasa banki tsarin. Aiki CBR mafita da kuma hanyoyin tashi a wannan harka za a iya gabatar a cikin wani m kewayon. Wanne daga cikinsu ne key?

Da fari dai, shi ne mai normative tsari na bankuna. CBR wallafa daban-daban doka ayyukan gudãnar da arziki na bashi da kudi cibiyoyin aiki a jihar, jama'a ayyuka da kuma kungiyoyi. buga ma'aunansa na kudi da kuma haraji da rahoto ga 'yan wasan kwaikwayo dacewa. Wajibi ne, na farko, domin kare moriyar abokan ciniki na bankuna - ajiyar, da kambun da na yanzu asusun, bashi.

Abu na biyu, shi ne manufofin alaka da lissafi na mafi kyau duka darajar da key kudi. Wannan kudi nuna alama matakan da yafi shi ne yadda tsada da rance zai kasance da aiwatar da wani zaman kansa banki a Central Bank domin karfafa yin amfani da aro kudi zuwa babban aiki. Alal misali, alaka da arziki na da kansa rance. Idan key kudi na babban bankin na Rasha Federation, high, da tashi a farashin da kuma credits bayar da masu zaman kansu bankuna.

Na uku, bankunan tsakiya, dauke da fitar da ayyukan don tallafa wa aiki na kasa banki tsarin, shirya da kula da na key ayyukan ta cikin yankin taskar cibiyoyin. A mahimmin juzu'in kudi ma'amala ke ta da su, kuma za'ayi bisa ga dokoki na CBR.

Operation na biya sunadaran

A manufofin da Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation kuma sun hada da kula da biyan bashin sunadaran a cikin jihar. Gaskiyar cewa mafi muhimmanci aiki na zamani da bashi da kudi cibiyoyin - shi ne ba kawai adibas, rance da kuma tsabar kudi gudanar da ayyuka, amma kuma ya inganta aiwatar da kudi ma'amaloli shafe mutane, masu zaman kansu, harkokin kasuwanci, hukumomin gwamnati, kasa da kasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo.

Rasha jama'a ko baƙon da ya kamata su iya yin biya wasu kudade ga mutane da kuma kungiyoyi daban-daban ta hanyar kayayyakin: sirri asusun, katunan bashi, ta hanyar da tashoshi na ba-banki bashi kungiyoyi. Lura da dukan aiki na Game da tashoshi - daya daga cikin ayyuka na CBR.

Babban Bankin Aiki a wannan yanki a matsayin dukan da aka yi da wannan sunadaran da suke dacewa da baya shugabanci CB aiki. Wannan shi ne saboda da arziki na banki tsarin. CBR wallafa matsayin hukumar ma'amaloli gudanar via daban-daban tashoshi, na sa ido da wadannan ayyukan. The aiki na ba-banki bashi cibiyoyin, tafiyar da biyan bashin ababen more rayuwa, wanda shi ne jihar, dogara sun fi mayar kan yadda da kuma ayyukan talakawa bashi da kudi cibiyoyin, a kan darajar da key kudi na babban bankin na Rasha Federation.

Mun gani da manufa na Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation (Bank of Rasha) bayar da shawarar da cikar takamaiman ayyuka. Mun yi nazarin su bayani dalla-dalla.

The ayyuka na Central Bank

CBR yana da wadannan babban fasali:

• halarci tare da gwamnatin a ci gaba a cikin kudi manyan al'amurra na jihar siyasa.
• daukawa fitar da hanya a cikin tafin kafa batun na ruble da kuma tabbatar da roko ga Rasha tattalin arzikin.
• Yana bayar da kudi ga wadanda ba jihar bashi cibiyoyin a cikin irin rance, samar da refinancing rance bayar.
• Yana ma'anar dokokin bisa ga abin da a Rasha tattalin arzikin suna da za'ayi kudi ma'amaloli.
• buga ma'aunansa na daban-daban banki ayyukan;
• ke zaune a yanki da kuma sabis ma'amaloli a cikin asusun da kasafin kudin na Rasha Federation.
• a jefa a cikin wajabta iri kasashen waje musayar reserves na jihar;
• za rajistar da bashi da kudi cibiyoyin, en su a lasisi ko, a akasin haka, soke su idan ta gano take hakki na wadannan cibiyoyi na banki dokokin.
• gudanar da harkokin musayar iko manufofin.
• Yana da kayyade dokokin kasashen da shiri na Rasha jama'a da kuma kungiyoyi tare da kasa da kasa 'yan wasan kwaikwayo.
• tabbatar da bukatunsu na lissafin kudi da kuma kudi rahoto cikin su iyawa.
• kayyade kudi na kasa kudin a kasuwar kasa da kasa da kuma daukawa fitar ta dace bazawa.
• da hannu a cikin lissafi na da ma'auni na biya na jihar na tattalin arzikin.
• shirya ayyuka na kudin musaya.
• Yana daukawa fitar da hikimar tantance aiki da wani bangare na nazarin tattalin arziki matakai a matakin jihar ta tattalin arzikin a matsayin dukan, kazalika da irin yadda yankin.
• da hannu a cikin kariya da kudi moriyar banki ajiyar.

Bayan dauke da manufar da aiki da kuma aiki na Central Bank of Rasha, mun iya gano da fasali na tsarin siga na babban kudi cibiyoyin na Rasha Federation. Mun gudanar da bincike don fara shi a kan tushen da abin da ka'idojin ƙaddara da oda na kungiyar na aiki na Central Bank cikin sharuddan da rarraba ayyuka na ma'aikata na ciki ƙungiyoyin CBR.

CB Structure: Principles dillancin management

Kamar yadda muka riga sani, da manufa na Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation hada da kariya na Rasha kudin, tabbatar da banki tsarin da kuma biyan sunadaran a jihar tattalin arzikin. Samar kowane daga cikinsu kwakwalwa, na farko, da daidaituwa da Bank of Rasha da bukatun da sauran batutuwa na jihar tsari na tattalin arziki, ga misali, tare da Rasha gwamnatin. Wannan wani zaɓi haifar da daya daga cikin key ka'idodinta CBR - hukumomin hadin gwiwa.

Da ayyukan da babban banki ma'aikata na Rasha Federation ya shafi warware matsaloli ba kawai a cikin tarayya iko, amma kuma a yankin matakin. Saboda haka, Bank of Rasha ta ofisoshin wakilci aiki a duk yankuna na Rasha. Su aiki ne da za'ayi shan la'akari da manufa na karkashin shugabancin tsakiya, lokacin da dukan hukumomin ba da lissafi ga babban ofishin da kuma aiki daidai da dokokin ci gaba da su.

Sama mu lura da cewa, manufar da aiki da kuma aiki na Central Bank of Rasha Federation ne a hankali juna. Saboda haka wani manufa na aiki da ma'aikata - aikin specialization rarrabuwa. A kowane daga cikin banki ta ciki Tsarin suna aiki kwararru tare da mafi iyawa ga aiki.

Wani manufa na CBR - rabuwar yanke shawara iko tsakanin tsakiyar ofishin da ofisoshin lardi. Muka ce cewa aikin na Bank of Rasha cibiyoyin a cikin yankuna daidai da dokokin ci gaba da tsakiyar ofishin na Central Bank. Duk da haka, a wasu mulkin kai daga yankin raka'a babban banki kungiyoyin na Rasha Federation ne har yanzu akwai, kuma wannan shi ne ganin na da manufa a cikin tambaya, a yi.

A tsarin da Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation: kungiyar na ma'aikata management

Mu yanzu gudanar da bincike abin da abin da su ne key jikin na Central Bank gabatar da shugabanci tsarin. Don wadanda sun hada da:

• The National Bank Council.
• Jamhuriyar ofishin na kungiyar.
• The Board of Directors na Central Bank of Rasha Federation.
• Local Tsarin.
• RCC.
• Soja raka'a.

Za mu yi nazarin su takamaiman bayani.

The National Bank Council

Babban Tsarin na Central Bank, da tabbatar da aiki na kungiyar sun hada da National Bank Council. Shi ne mai collegial jiki na ma'aikata. Sama mu lura da cewa, manufar Central Bank of Rasha Federation ba su taimaka wa gwamnati wajen cika da wajibai, kazalika da da cewa da aikin manyan Rasha kudi ma'aikata ba da lissafi ga hukumomi.

Duk da haka, da misali daga cikin National Bank Council za a iya gano, a yi, da dogaro da Central Bank daga jihar iya zama muhimmi. A gaskiya cewa abun da ke ciki na National Council of Central Bank suna aiki wakilai daga Federation Council, Jihar Duma, da RF gwamnatin, kazalika da mutane nada da shugaban kasar na Rasha Federation. Shugaban Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation kuma aiki a matsayin wani ɓangare na Central Bank na dauke tsarin.

kwamitin gudanarwa

A na gaba mafi muhimmanci zuciya da sauransu na Central Bank - Board of Directors. An dauke da mafi zartarwa na bankin tsarin da kuma kayyade kwatance a cikin abin da ayyukan za a mayar da hankali da Central Bank of Rasha, da kwallaye da kuma hari na ma'aikata. Its samuwar yana da wani takwara a da hanya na hada wasu jami'an na National Bank Council.

Saboda haka, Central Bank of Rasha Federation ya wadãtu da tsarin aiki Shugaban Babban Bankin, kazalika da 12 talakawa members, ne kullum tsunduma a aiki aiki a banki. A abun da ke ciki na Bank of Rasha Board of Directors aka kafa ta kai tsaye sa hannu na Jihar Duma da shugaban kasar Rasha. Sake shi za a iya gano ta gaskiya cewa dogaro da Central Bank daga gwamnati a yi shi ne har yanzu babba, duk da cewa babban bankin legally - mai zaman kanta da gwamnatin kungiyar.

The Board of Directors na Central Bank of Rasha Federation, wanda kayyade manufa, ayyuka da kuma ayyukan da bankin na Rasha za saduwa a kalla 1 lokaci da watan. Wannan tsarin yakan yanke shawara game da batun na ruble, saitin matsayin na masu zaman kansu bankuna, da samuwar jerin takardar kudi na musayar kuma sauran Securities amfani da su tabbatar da cewa Central Bank rance, kafa sha'awa rates, iyaka kasuwar ma'amaloli, yanzu rance, misali, idan akai la'akari da yiwuwar sabuntawa. Babban Bankin Board of Directors daukawa fitar da kula da kuma kula da ayyuka.

Jamhuriyar ofishin da kuma yankin tsarin

A manufofin da kuma ayyukan da ayyuka na Central Bank ne da farko da alhakin Headquarters naúrar, amma daga baya a cikin tsarin na kafa sunadaran wakilai zuwa matakin na yankin Tsarin na CBR. Bugu da kari, CA aka wakilta daban-daban aikin raka'a da suke da alhakin da mafita daga matsalolin da wannan ko da Sphere. Wadannan Tsarin lissafi ga Board of Directors da kuma shugaban babban bankin na Rasha Federation game da aiwatar da shawarwari soma da su. A yankuna na Central Bank ayyuka, bi da bi, wani sashe da babban yankin kasar ƙungiyoyin da banki kungiyar. A key na matsalar - aiwatar da wani na kowa m, a aiwatar da kudi management manufofin soma a matakin tarayya.

Roman Katolika da kuma soja raka'a Babban Bankin

Sama mu lura da cewa, manufofin da Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation hada da kula da aiki na jihar banki tsarin. Daga cikin babban tsarin raka'a, da ciwon da cancantarsa zama dole domin a daidai yadda ya kamata - tsabar kudi shiri cibiyoyin Bank of Rasha.

Wadannan cibiyoyin kasu kashi shugaban, dauke da fitar ayyuka a cikin yankunan, kazalika da Inter-shiyya. Sun gudanar da aikin alaka da aiwatar da Inter-da mu'amalar banki, tabbatarwa da wadanda ba jihar bashi cibiyoyin da kasafin kudin asusun.

A na gaba mafi muhimmanci irin cibiyoyin hada a CBR tsarin - soja raka'a. Su aiki - tabbatarwa kudi ma'amaloli, wanda su ne batutuwa na daban-daban cibiyoyin a cikin tsarin na Rasha Armed Forces.

Saboda haka, mun yi nazari da key babban bankin ayyuka, manufofin da Babban Bankin na Rasha Federation da kuma hanyoyin da su aiwatar. Babban Rasha banki - wani ma'aikata arziki, hadaddun tsarin, wanda yana da fadi da kewayon gogewar a cikin kudi kansu.

A daya hannun, babban bankin shi ne da bin doka m daga gwamnati, a kan sauran - An kafa ta kai tsaye su hallara. Bugu da kari, babban bankin daukawa fitar da ayyukan a cikin bukatun da sauran jihar Tsarin.