Computer networks: babban halaye, rarrabuwa da kuma ka'idojin kungiyar

Modern bil'adama kusan ba zai iya rayuwa ba tare da kwakwalwa, kuma a gaskiya sun kasance ba haka ba da dadewa. A cikin shekaru ashirin da shekaru, kwakwalwa sun zama wani ɓangare na duk yankunan: daga ofishin da bukatun da ilimi, haka samar da bukatar ci gaba da damar da na fasahar kwamfuta da kuma ci gaba dacewa software.

A cibiyar sadarwa na kwakwalwa sanya shi yiwu ba kawai don kara yawan aiki amma kuma rage kudin da goyon baya, kazalika da rage lokacin da watsa bayanai. A wasu kalmomin, da kwamfuta cibiyar sadarwa yana da biyu manufofin: sharing da software da kuma hardware, kazalika da bude samun bayanan albarkatun.

Construction na kwamfuta cibiyoyin sadarwa dangane da manufa "abokin ciniki-uwar garke". A abokin ciniki - wani gine-gine da bangaren da cewa an ta yin amfani da login da kuma kalmar sirri yana amfani da damar da uwar garke. The uwar garke, bi da bi, bayar da ta albarkatu zuwa wasu mahalarta cibiyar sadarwa. Yana iya ajiye, samar da wani na kowa database, da yin amfani da shigar-fitarwa, da dai sauransu

Networks zo a dama siffofin:

- gida.

- shiyya.

- Global.

A nan, shi ne gaskiya don nuna da ka'idojin a kan wadda ake bisa daban-daban kwamfuta cibiyoyin sadarwa.

Kungiyar na gida kwamfuta networks

Yawanci, wadannan cibiyoyin sadarwa kawo tare mutãne waɗanda suke a kusa da kusanci, don haka aka fi amfani da a ofisoshin kuma Enterprises domin ajiya da kuma aiki, da canja wurin da sakamakon zuwa wasu mahalarta.

Akwai irin wannan abu a matsayin "cibiyar sadarwa topology". Kawai sa, shi ne lissafi zane na wani cibiyar sadarwa na kwakwalwa. Akwai da dama, irin makircinsu, duk da haka, mu yi la'akari da kawai na asali: bas, zobe da star.

1. Bus - mai tashar sadarwa da cewa hadawa nodes a cikin cibiyar sadarwa. Kowace daga cikin nodes iya samun bayanai a wani m lokaci, da kuma aika - kawai idan bas ne free.
2. Zobe. A wannan topology aiki raka'a alaka a jerin kan wani da'irar, Ina nufin na farko tashar nasaba da biyu da sauransu, da kuma karshen Magana da farko, kamar haka rufe da zobe. Babban drawback wannan gine ne da cewa bisa gazawar da akalla daya kashi na dukan cibiyar sadarwa shanyayye.
3. Star - fili a wadda haskoki nodes haɗa da cibiyar. Wannan dangane model je tare da wadanda m sau, a lokacin da kwakwalwa kasance quite manyan, kuma kawai iyaye inji karɓa da kuma tafiyar matakai bayanai.

Game da duniya networks, sa'an nan kome ne yafi rikitarwa. Don kwanan wata, wanda akwai fiye da 200. Cikin shahararrun daga gare su - da Internet.

Babban bambancin daga gida yankin - da rashin key management cibiyar.

Irin wannan kwamfuta cibiyar sadarwa don gudanar da wani aiki a kan dokoki biyu:

- server shirye-shirye posted a kan shafukan yanar gizo cewa magance sabis masu amfani.

- abokin ciniki shirye-shirye sanya, a mai amfani da PC, kuma server masu amfani da sabis.

Global networks damar masu amfani don samun damar daban-daban da sabis. Haɗa zuwa wannan networks a hanyoyi biyu: ta hanyar jama'a switched tarho layi da kuma kwazo da tashar.