Volgograd hydro ikon shuka: cikakken bayani

Volzhskaya HPP ita ce mafi girma a cikin wutar lantarki a Turai na Rasha. A halin yanzu, wannan ɓangare ne na RusHydro Corporation a matsayin reshe. Wannan babban gini yana tsakanin yankin Traktorozavodsky na Volgograd da birnin da ke cikin tauraron dan adam mai suna Volzhsky. Yana shafi wannan samar da wutar lantarki shuka to, wata ƙungiya daga tashoshin srednenapornyh tashar irin.

Yaushe aka gina Volgograd Gidan wutar lantarki na lantarki a cikin USSR?

An yanke shawarar da aka kafa wannan wutar lantarki a ranar 6 ga watan Agustan 1950. A yau ne Stalin ta sanya hannu kan dokar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na USSR a kan gina gine-ginen lantarki a arewacin Volgograd tare da kimanin 1.7 miliyan kW.

A yayin aiwatar da wannan mahimman abu shine:

• Yana riqe 130 mcm ³ rami.
• Tattara 5462 dubu ^M3 betonokonstruktsy .;
• Ya kafa sassan daban-daban 85,000.

Zane-zane da tsare-tsaren wutar lantarki sun hada da shaidun bincike goma sha ɗaya karkashin jagorancin kungiyar ta Hydroproject. Ginin wannan mahimmancin makaman a matsayin kamfanin Volgograd na lantarki, wanda aka gabatar da hoto a shafin, ya fara a 1951. A 1958, an kaddamar da rassa na farko na wutar lantarki guda uku, kuma a cikin 1962 ma'aikatan tashar suka taru na karshe - 22nd. Ana samar da kayan aiki don gina tsire-tsire ta wutar lantarki daga fiye da 1500 kamfanonin daga garuruwan 500 na kasar.

Ku shiga cikin wannan ƙungiya ƙungiya da kuma kwararrun kwararrun kwararru na daban-daban na bayanan martaba daga dukkan sassan SSS. Fiye da mutane 10,000 na Komsomol da Fursunoni 20,000 na Akhtuba ITK suka yi aiki a lokacin gina HPP. Sakamakon yawan albashin ma'aikata na kowane shekara ya kai 329 rubles.

Yanayin Sanya

Har zuwa yau, wutar lantarki na Volgograd hydro ikon ya hada da:

• Dama mai zurfi da nau'in mota na 725 m;
• Ginin tashar tare da tsarin kwantena shine 736 m;
• Rashin tashar tashar ƙasa ita ce 3250 m;
• Hagu mai ban sha'awa na bangon hagu da ƙuƙwalwa guda uku da canal mai zurfi 5.6 km tsawo.

Bugu da ƙari, wurin sarrafa kayan kifi da kuma tashar Volga-Akhtuba suna cikin tashar. Tsarin gine-gine na lantarki shine hanyoyi da hanyoyi. Matsa lamba Tsarin tashoshin samar da Volgogradskoye tafki. A yankin na karshen ne 3117 m ^2, da girma na - ³ 31.5 km. Matsakaicin iyaka na wutar lantarki Volgograd tashar wutar lantarki (dammar damuwa) na 44 m.

Yawan aiki na tashar

Kwancen HPP shine 2587.5 MW. Wannan adadi ne ainihin babban manya. Gidan wutar lantarki na Volgograd yana samar da wutar lantarki 11.1 biliyan. Ana shigar da magungunan lantarki mai tsayi a tashar a 22. Ikon tara daga cikinsu shine 115 MW, takwas - 125.5 MW, biyar - 120 MW. Ana rarraba raka'a a cikin ɗakuna daban-daban. A kan maido da kifi akwai wasu ƙananan shigarwar wannan nau'i na 11 MW. Total damar Culvert tashar ne 63060 m ³ / s.

Matsayi a tattalin arzikin kasa

An gina ginin lantarki na Volgograd a tsakiyar karni na karshe don samar da wutar lantarki a tsakiyar RSFSR, yankin Volga da wasu yankunan kudancin kasar. A kwanan wata, wannan tashar tana daya daga cikin manyan mahimman bayanai na Unified Energy System na Rasha. A Cibiyar, tana watsa 500 kV na halin yanzu, a cikin Volga - 220 kV kuma a yankunan kudancin - 800 kV.

Bugu da ƙari ga ainihin wutar lantarki, tashar ta kuma warware wasu matsalolin ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasa. A musamman, shi ya kafa tafki da ake amfani das hi don bayi na m ƙasashe gabas na Volga kuma da Caspian ciki. Bugu da ƙari, wutar lantarki ta samar da hanya mai kyau ga jiragen ruwa daga Astrakhan zuwa Saratov.

Railway da hanyoyi da aka gina a gefen dam ɗin suna samar da dan gajeren haɗi tsakanin yankuna na Volga. Abin takaici, a kan hanya a yau ana kafa jams. Kusan duk wani abu ne game da ƙaddamar da hanyoyi na dam da kuma buƙatar sabuntawa sau da yawa. Abin farin ciki, bayan gina babban gada a fadin Volga a wannan yanki, nauyin da ke kan hanyar da ke cikin dam din ya rage dan kadan.

Discharges

Kamar yadda a kowace tashar, Volgograd tashar wutar lantarki na Volgograd, a lokacin narkewa na dusar ƙanƙara, ya kwarara ruwa mai yawa daga dam. Lokaci na wannan aiki ya dogara da dalilai masu yawa. Rashin tasiri game da tsarin samar da ruwa na Volgograd wutar lantarki mai tashar wutar lantarki yana da yawa irin abubuwan da suka faru a matsayin adadin da ya fadi a lokacin hunturu da kuma tsananin karuwar su.

Alal misali, a shekarar 2016 rushewa a tashar ya fara ranar 22 ga Afrilu kuma ya tsaya har zuwa ranar 16 ga Mayu. A kalla matakin na ruwa sallama Volgograd HPP ya 27 000 m ^3. A cikin duka, an kori fiye da kilomita 100 cikin tafki. Tun 17 May effluent halin kaka hankali rage (kamar 1000 m ³ a kowace rana). K 20,05 da suka isa matakin na kimanin 23 000 m ^3.

Kowace shekara aikin kula da wutar lantarki yana ƙoƙari ya tsawanta ruwa a cikin lokacin da zai yiwu. Gaskiyar ita ce, rashin gazawa a cikin watan Mayu - Yuni na farko ya saba wa ma'auni na gundumar. Idan ruwa daga tashar wutar lantarki a cikin bazara za a yi izuwa kadan, ta tsakiyar tsakiyar rani a bakin kogin Volga, koguna, koguna da Erica zasu bushe. A rage rage kudaden wutar lantarki na Volgograd tashar wutar lantarki, gwamnatinsa, tare da wasu abubuwa, tana hana lalata yankunan. Bugu da ƙari, saurin jima-jita yana inganta ingantaccen kifi a cikin kogin.

Hasken rana

A matsayin daya daga cikin manyan gine-gine na karni na 20, wutar lantarki na Volgograd mai tashar wutar lantarki, ta jawo hankalin masu yawa, yawon bude ido, gida da kuma kasashen waje. Ganin wannan gini yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Musamman a lokacin bazara fitar da ruwa.

Bugu da ƙari ga ainihin wutar lantarki da tashar wutar lantarki da kansa, yawon shakatawa yawanci yakan ba da shawara ga masu yawon shakatawa su ziyarci gidan hasken wutar lantarki wanda yake a ƙofar kudancin. Daga nan yana buɗe ra'ayi na musamman na Volga kanta, birni, tsibirin. Kwarewa daga hasumiya mai fitila da kuma abin tunawa na mahaifiyar.

Yanayin muhalli

Hakika, gina Volgograd wutar lantarki tashar wutar lantarki ya kawo babban amfani ga tattalin arzikin kasar. Amma a lokaci guda, tsararrensa, da rashin alheri, ya haifar da mummunan lalacewa ga yanayin yanayin Volga da yankunan bakin teku. Saboda haka, alal misali, damun wutar lantarki na tashar wutar lantarki ya katange hanya ta hazo zuwa kifaye daga Ƙasar Caspian. Musamman shafi wannan Rasha sturgeon, beluga, herring Volga. Rashin kifi a tashar ba ya bambanta kayan aiki mai yawa kuma yana samar da sutun kifaye ba fiye da 15% ba. A kan sevriuga da voblo, suna raguwa a cikin ƙananan kogi, da ginin magungunan wutar lantarki, ba tare da wani sakamako ba.

Kamar sauran tashoshin, wutar lantarki na Volgograd mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta soki ta hanyar muhalli don hada da babban adadi na ƙasa.

Ƙauyukan kauyuka

A lokacin gina jirgin ruwa na Volga, wanda HPP da aka yi la'akari da shi wani ɓangare ne, yawancin ƙauyuka sun mamaye. Saboda haka, misali, a cikin shiri na Rybinsk shuka a karkashin ruwa bar tsohon birnin Mologa, wanda a zamanin yau ne sau da yawa ake kira Soviet FC. 249 mutane sun yi watsi da wannan shiri kuma, sun mutu. A cikin rahotanni da aka aika wa manyan hukumomin, an gano cewa daga bisani dukkanin su "sha wahala daga cututtuka masu juyayi," wato, sun kasance marasa lafiya.

A lokacin gina jirgin lantarki na Volgograd, yawancin kauyukan da aka ambaliya. Alal misali, ƙauyen inda mutane suke motsawa shi ne ƙauyen Lugovaya Proleika. A lokacin yakin Stalingrad, wannan ƙauyen ita ce mafi kusa da sojojin Soviet. A nan akwai bangarori na 8th Air Army da asibitoci hudu. Bayan gina ginin wutar lantarki, ƙauyen ya koma wani wuri, inda har yanzu yake.

Kafin War Warrior, akwai wani aikin da ya kamata a gina tashar lantarki a kusa da garin Kamyshin. Idan aka gane, wani ɓangare na garin Saratov, Engels, Flightsk da sauransu sun shiga cikin ruwa. Abin farin cikin, hankalin yau ya yi nasara, kuma an gina HPP na Volga inda yake a yau. Babu birnin da aka ambaliya a lokacin da aka gina.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

Lokacin gina ginin wutar lantarki na Volgograd (Stalingrad) a karo na farko a cikin USSR, an yi amfani da wata hanya ta motsi don motsawa kaya. Daga baya, wannan fasaha ba a taɓa amfani dashi a cikin gina wasu tsire-tsire ba.

An gina wannan muhimmin mahimmanci kamar yadda Volgogradskaya HPP ya kammala a lokacin rikodin - a cikin shekaru 6. Duk da haka, a gaskiya ma, an gina shi tsawon shekaru 11. Dates sun jinkirta ne saboda dalilin mutuwar Stalin. Bayan haka, babban ma'aikata a wurin gine-gine sun kasance fursunoni. Bayan mutuwar jagoran wannan shugaban a shekarar 1953, yawancin su sun kasance sun rabu da su.

Lokacin da aka gina wutar lantarki na Volgograd, wutar lantarki mai ginawa ta gina mita miliyan 140. Idan har jirgin ya kai shi, zai ɗauki motoci miliyan 8. A cikin wurin dam ɗin damuwa a lokacin gina ginin masana'antar lantarki, wani yumbu mai yumbu 12 m aka raka shi.

A yau, kafin shiga cikin dam, akwai tashar 'yan sanda, wata alama ce ga masu ginawa, da alamar gargadi game da haramtaccen hoton hoto da bidiyo. Kada ku ƙetare dam ta hanyar hanyar hawan tafiya.

Yau, wannan tashar wutar lantarki yana da muhimmin mahimmanci wanda ke da tasirin gaske a kan tattalin arzikin jihar da kuma jin dadin mazaunan biranen Volgograd, Kamyshin, Volzhsk, da sauransu. Duk matakan da ke faruwa a tashar din har yanzu ana rufe su. Musamman, wannan ya shafi lambun ruwa. Nemo lokacin da aka fitar da ruwa a Volgograd Power Power Plant da aka rage ko adadin aljihunan an shirya shi a karo na farko, alal misali, yana da sauƙi ta shiga jaridu biyu da tashoshin Intanet na gida.