Magnesium allo: aikace-aikace, rarrabawa da kuma kaddarorin

Mahalli na Magnesium suna da nau'o'in kayan jiki da sunadarai masu mahimmanci, babban su ne ƙananan ƙarfin da ƙarfin karfi. Haɗuwa da waɗannan halaye a cikin kayan aiki tare da ƙari na magnesium yana sa ya yiwu don samar da samfurori da sifofi waɗanda suke da halayen ƙarfin haɓaka da nauyin nauyi.

Halaye na magnesium

Amfanin masana'antu da amfani da magnesium sun fara kwanan nan kwanan nan - kawai kimanin shekaru 100 da suka gabata. Wannan ƙarfe yana da ƙananan taro, tun da yake yana da ƙananan ƙananan (1.74 g / cm), kwanciyar hankali mai kyau a cikin iska, alkalis, kafofin watsa labaran ƙwayoyin cuta da abun ciki na fuka da ma'adanai mai ma'adinai.

Matsayin narkewa shine digiri 650. An bayyana halin hawan sinadaran har zuwa konewa a cikin iska. Ƙarfin magnesium mai tsarki shine 190 MPa, ƙaddarar nauyin haɓaka shine 4,500 MPa, haɗin da aka yi shine 18%. Gilashin yana da ƙarfin haɓaka mai karfi (yadda ya dace da haɗakar da kera), wanda ya samar da shi tare da kyawawan haɓakawa da rage ƙwarewa ga abin mamaki.

Sauran siffofin wannan kashi sun haɗa da halayyar mai kyau na thermal, ƙananan ƙarfin yin amfani da thermos neutrons kuma yayi hulɗa da man fetur na nukiliya. Saboda haɗuwa da waɗannan kaddarorin, magnesium abu ne mai kyau don ƙirƙirar ɗakunan da ke da nauyin haɓakaccen abubuwa masu magungunan nukiliya.

Maganin Magnesium yana da kyau da ƙananan karafa kuma yana daya daga cikin masu karfi masu ragewa, ba tare da yin amfani da tsari na metallothermy ba.

A cikin tsabta, an fi amfani da ita azaman dopant a cikin allo da aluminum, titanium da sauran abubuwa masu sinadaran. A cikin ƙarfin ƙarfe na ƙarfe tare da taimakon magnesium, ƙaddamar da karfe da simintin gyare-gyaren ƙarfe ne ake aiwatar da ita, kuma an bunkasa dukiyar da ake amfani da su ta hanyar spheroidization of graphite.

Magnesium da kuma haɓaka addittu

Daga cikin mafi yawan haɓakawa da ake amfani da su a cikin allo na tushen magnesium sune abubuwa kamar aluminum, manganese da zinc. Aluminum inganta tsarin, ƙara yawan haske da ƙarfin abu. Gabatar da zinc kuma ya sa ya yiwu don samun allo mai karfi da ƙananan ƙwayar hatsi. Tare da taimakon manganese ko zirconium, juriya ta yayyafa na allo na magnesium yana ƙaruwa.

Ƙara da zinc da zirconium na samar da ƙarfin ƙaruwa da kuma ductility na ƙwayoyin ƙarfe. Kuma kasancewar wadansu abubuwa masu kasa-ƙasa, alal misali, neodymium, cerium, yttrium, da dai sauransu, suna taimakawa ga karuwa mai girma a cikin juriya na zafi da haɓaka kayan haɓakar magnesium.

Don ƙirƙirar kayan aiki mafi mahimmanci tare da nau'in 1.3 zuwa 1.6 g / m, an shigar da lithium a cikin allunan. Wannan ƙari ya sa ya yiwu don rage nauyin su ta rabi kamar yadda aka kwatanta da sikelin karfe-aluminum. A lokaci guda kuma, alamunsu na lactility, fluidity, elasticity da manufacturingbility sun zo matakin mafi girma.

Ƙayyade kayan allon da magnesium

Ana ba da allo na magnesium bisa ga wasu sharuddan. Waɗannan su ne:

• Ta hanyar hanyar sarrafawa - a kan tudu da deformable;
• Ta hanyar tsinkaya ga magani mai zafi - a kan wanda ba ta da taurare kuma ta taurare ta hanyar zafi;
• The kaddarorin da kuma aikace-aikace - to gami da zafi-resistant, high ƙarfi kuma janar-manufa.
• Ta hanyar tsarin doping - akwai kungiyoyi masu yawa waɗanda ba su da kwarewa da ƙarfin ƙarfin halayen magnesium.

Tushen kafa

Wannan rukuni ya haɗa da allura tare da ƙara na magnesium, wanda aka nufa don samar da sassa daban daban da abubuwa ta hanya ta hanyar gyare-gyare. Suna da kyawawan kayan injiniyoyi, dangane da abin da aka raba zuwa kashi uku:

• Tsarin ƙarfi;
• Babban ƙarfi;
• Tsaro mai zafi.

An kuma rarraba nauyin alurar rigakafi zuwa sassa uku:

• Aluminum + magnesium + zinc;
• Magnesium + zinc + zirconium;
• Magnesium + rare earths + zirconium.

Abubuwan da aka samo asali na allo

Mafi kyawun kaya a tsakanin samfurori na wadannan rukuni guda uku sune allo-magnesium. Suna cikin kundin kayan ƙarfin (har zuwa 220 MPa), sabili da haka ne mafi kyawun zaɓi don sassaƙa kayan aiki na jirgin sama, motoci da wasu kayan aiki da ke aiki a karkashin kayan inji da na ma'aunin zafi.

Don ƙara halayen ƙarfin, alaƙaran aluminum-magnesium an saka su da sauran abubuwa. Amma kasancewar ƙarancin baƙin ƙarfe da jan ƙarfe ba abin da ake so, tun da waɗannan abubuwa suna da mummunar sakamako a kan weldability da juriya ta lalata.

Ana shirya allo da magnesium a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban na gyaran fuska: a cikin tunani, a cikin ƙwaƙwalwa da gas, man fetur ko wutar lantarki ko a cikin tsire-tsire masu shigarwa.

Don hana konewa a lokacin tsarin narkewa da yayin gyare-gyare, ana amfani da fannoni na musamman da kuma additives. Ana samar da simintin gyare-gyare ta hanyar jefawa a cikin yashi, gypsum da zane-zane, karkashin matsa lamba da kuma yin amfani da samfurori mai narkewa.

Allunan da ba'a iya dashi

Idan aka kwatanta da mafita, alalikan magnesium dasu sun fi dacewa, tsauraransu da kuma ƙyama. An yi amfani dashi don samar da blanks ta hanyoyi masu latsawa, da matakai masu yawa. A matsayin magani na samfurori, ana amfani da ruwan sama a zazzabi na digiri na 350-410, wanda ya biyo baya ta hanyar sanyaya ba tare da tsufa ba.

Lokacin da mai tsanani, kayan haɗin gin-gizon irin waɗannan kayan sun karu, don haka maganin allo na magnesium an yi ta ta hanyar matsa lamba da kuma yanayin zafi. Anyi amfani da rubutu a digiri na 280-480 a ƙarƙashin takaddata ta hanyar rufe tambura. A yayin sanyi, ana yin siginar rikice-rikice na tsakiya.

A lokacin da ake yin amfani da allo na magnesium, za a iya ƙarfafa ƙarfin ginin samfurin a kan sassa inda ake yin walda, saboda jin daɗin irin waɗannan abubuwa don overheating.

Spheres na aikace-aikace na allo da ƙara da magnesium

By Fitar hanyoyin, nakasawa da zafi magani na gami sanya daban-daban Semi - ingots, faranti, bayanan martaba, zanen gado, forgings, da dai sauransu Ana amfani da waɗannan kalmomin don samar da abubuwa da sassa na na'urorin fasaha na zamani, inda ake taka rawar fifiko ta hanyar daidaitattun nauyin tsarin (raguwar wuri) yayin da suke riƙe da halayen halayyarsu. Idan aka kwatanta da aluminum, magnesium yana da haske sau 1.5, kuma da karfe, 4.5.

A halin yanzu, yin amfani da allo na magnesium an yi amfani dasu a cikin na'ura mai daukar motar lantarki, motoci, soja da sauran masana'antu, inda farashin su (wasu nau'ikan suna dauke da kayan haɗari masu tsada) sun cancanta daga ra'ayi na tattalin arziki ta hanyar yiwuwar ƙirƙirar haɗari, azumi, , Wanne zai iya aiki a cikin matsanancin yanayi, ciki har da lokacin da aka nuna shi zuwa yanayin zafi.

Saboda halayen wutar lantarki, waɗannan allo sune mafi kyawun abu don ƙirƙirar masu tsaro waɗanda ke samar da kariya ta lantarki na sassan ƙarfe, misali, sassa na mota, sassan ƙasa, sassan man fetur, jiragen ruwa, da dai sauransu, daga matakan da ke faruwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar danshi, sabo da ruwa Ruwa.

Mun sami yin amfani da allunan tare da adadin magnesium kuma a wasu tsarin injiniya na rediyo, inda suke yin sauti don layin ultrasonic don jinkirta sigina na lantarki.

Kammalawa

Masu masana'antu na yau da kullum suna neman abubuwa da yawa game da ƙarfin su, suna fuskantar juriya, juriya da lalatawa. Yin amfani da allo na magnesium yana daya daga cikin sharuɗɗa mafi mahimmanci, sabili da haka, binciken da ya danganci bincike don sabon abu na magnesium da kuma damar yin amfani da shi ba su daina.

A halin yanzu, yin amfani da allunan allo na magnesium a cikin ƙirƙirar wasu nau'i-nau'i da sassan da ke ba ka damar samun raguwa a cikin nauyin su kimanin kashi 30% kuma ƙara ƙarfin zuwa 300 MPa, amma, bisa ga masana kimiyya, wannan ba iyaka ne ga wannan ƙwararren samfurin ba.