Mustard tsaba: description masana'antu maki, a yi amfani da aikin noma, namo

Mustard - al'ada kayan lambu alaka kabeji iyali. Akwai da dama dozin jinsunan shuke-shuke, amma a matsayin kayan yaji amfani kawai uku iri - fari, baki da kuma ruwan kasa.

Mustard fari (White mustard, Lat. Sinapsis alba) kowa a North America da Turai. Shekara-shekara shuka, low (60 cm). Mustard tsaba a cikin wannan aji ne sosai haske, da tabawa da zuma, moderately m. Brown mustard (ko sareptskaya, Lat. Brassica juncea, Eng. Brown Mustard) a shahararsa gaba da fari, da kuma baki. Moderately mai tsanani. Mustard tsaba - 2 mm a diamita, zagaye, ruwan kasa, ko ruwan kasa. A wurin haifuwa na shuka ne dauke da Himalayas, ko da yake an horar da yafi a India. Rasha "ya gana" da launin ruwan kasa mustard a cikin XVIII karni. godiya ga Jamusawa, bisa gayyatar da Catherine II a kan ci gaban kudancin Rasha. Daga cikin na farko natsuwa wani mishan likita da kuma fassara Konrad Neytts. Shi ne tare da "hasken hannunka" samu mustard a kan sarauta tebur.

Brown mustard yanzu sayar matsayin foda da kuma matsayin na yau da kullum tebur a kusan kowane kantin kayan miya. Black mustard (Black Mustard, Lat. Brassica nigra), kuma ake magana a kai a matsayin Faransa, yana da wani wajen tsawo, har zuwa mita, da zangarniya. Kwalaye da tsaba bayyana nan da nan bayan ripening, wanda yake shi ne musamman wuya a tsaftace. Yana an girma, yafi a kudancin Asiya. Mustard tsaba baki mafi m, amma kuma mafi m na horar da iri. A inji shi ne mai daraja daga zamanin da matsayin magani da kuma yadda dafa abinci. A musamman Properties saboda mustard abubuwa kunshe a cikinta, ciki har da ma'adanai (alli, jan, manganese, selenium, da baƙin ƙarfe, tutiya), phytohormones, bitamin da kuma antioxidants. Mustard tsaba - a hakikanin tsaron ɗakunan ajiya na makamashi da kuma abin da ake ci fiber, wanda da matukar muhimmanci ga wadanda suka sha wahala daga wuce haddi cholesterol, wanda yana yaƙi da niacin (bitamin B3). 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari dauke da flavonoids (antioxidants), lutein, zeaxanthin, carotene da yawa bitamin yaki free radicals (K, E, C, A) da kuma sterols (sitosterol, campesterol, avenasterol, stigmasterol, brassicasterol) mirozin, sinigrin, acid (eicosenoic, erucic, palmitic, oleic).

Neman mustard tsaba na karuwa a kowace shekara. A shuka yana girma a matsayin riba sayarwa da kuma ga nasu amfani.

Shuka tsaba na mustard taimaka mayar da kiwon lafiya na kasar gona, inganta haihuwa, ya hallaka pathogens cututtuka irin su marigayi varna, Fusarium, scab, da sauransu. Ba su son mustard wireworms, tutsar sulug, mole wasan kurket, fis asu. Shuka kore taki ba tare da ƙari gusar da kara daga jam'i na taki, wanda shi ne m duka biyu al'ada manoma, da kuma ga wani m tattalin arziki da kuma manoma, saboda da na halitta dawo daga gona don maye gurbin kwayoyi da aka halicce su a kan tushen da sinadaran, ba shi yiwuwa. Shuka tsaba na mustard mayar halitta balance na ƙasa da abin da yake da muhimmanci. A shuka ke tsiro da sauri da kuma shi ne iya sauri gina wani taro ko a cikin sanyi kakar.

Mustard musamman tasiri a lokacin da a hade tare da legumes (jũyar ta hanyar jere). Wannan kore taki, disintegrating lafiya structuring, draining cikin ƙasa, kuma qara vozduhoemkost. A tushen tsarin da shuka shi ne iya shiga da zurfi cikin har zuwa uku mita. Yana yiwuwa a gane ingancin da mustard amfanin gona, kare da ƙasa daga yashewa a cikin kaka da kuma bazara lokaci (kuma idan bar uncut, ko da a cikin hunturu). Ta riqe babban snow, bayar da tasu gudunmuwar da jari na danshi da kuma rage gona daskarewa. A cikin steppes, inda iskõki ne karfi da kuma mafi m, da shuka da aka shuka a cikin hunturu (layuka).

Kamar yadda fodder amfanin gona mustard da ake amfani a cikin nau'i na kore taro. Darajar kusa ta feed.

Shuka mustard tsaba ne mafi kyau yi a kan kasa bi a baya hadu (shuka "gyaggyarawa" taki, sa shi sauƙin digestible ga m amfanin gona), sod-podzolic da yashi. Tsaba germinate ko da a 1 digiri Celsius, da harbe aka canjawa wuri misãlin zuwa -5 digiri.

Mustard tsaba (da farashin ya dogara da iri-iri, a kan talakawan - game da 30 rubles da kilogram) ne mafi alhẽri saya a sana'a Stores.