Viaduct - wata gada na musamman zane

Kamar yadda riga bayyana daga title na labarin, da viaduct - wata gada yi. Halin da irin wannan aikin daga sauran gada daban da kuma kayayyaki manyan hasumiya, da wani babban tsawon. Mafi sau da yawa, da injiniyoyi da shawara ga gina wannan wurare a mahada maki tare swampy wurare, kogin kwaruruka, gorges da ravines. A wannan yanayin, idan wani yanki ne ba ya dace a gina high embankments, shi ne quite yiwu gina viaduct, wanda, tare da motsi na warware matsaloli a cikin wannan yankin, a Bugu da kari shi ne ma tasiri zaɓi daga wani tattalin arziki da ra'ayi.

Viaduct: rarrabe halaye

Zahiri viaduct - shi ne Latin for "hanyar» (via) da kuma "ni» (duco). A wasu kalmomin, wannan ne na musamman gada manyan ta hanyar wani abu (gudanarwa da motsi ta hanyar wani abu) da kuma ciwon sosai high goyon baya. Duk da haka, idan gada da wani wucin gadi yi cewa spanned a fadin lake, kogin ko wasu ruwa cikas, da viaduct - wani zane da aka kõma ta hanyar gefen kwarin, wata magudan ruwa ko kwazazzabo. Ba zato ba tsammani, wannan shi ne ma halittar wannan ya bambanta daga guideway, wanda shi ne wani mararraba na kan hanya, Railway waƙoƙi, da dai sauransu D. Daga cikin trestle da ciwon guda Al'arshinSa, viaduct halin da su bambanci. The most span yawanci dama a kan mafi girman ɓangare na dukan gada. Bugu da ƙari kuma, loading dandali zai fi dacewa gina na wani lebur surface. Viaduct - shi ne gaba ɗaya wajaba awo na yi, a lokacin da ƙasa saboda rauninsa ba da damar da za a yi amfani da matsayin wata gada da sauran tsarin. Idan ya cancanta, ta zane damar zuwa hankali kara da tsawo daga cikin Al'arshinSa. Yana za a iya gina na dutse, kankare, karfafa kankare, karfe. Matsayin mai mulkin, da viaduct - shi ne mafi yawa Multi-span da arched maimakon bim na tsarin. A tarihin na farko da ya faru na wannan zane ya koma zuwa ga zamanin da na ci gaba da Roman Empire.

Mafi shahara a duniya

Wadannan viaducts ne mafi shahara a duniya:

• Kaluga dutse gada.
• Mokrinskiy jirgin kasa, located in Chuvash Jamhuriyar.
• Göltzsch Viaduct - da tallest tubali gina irin wannan a duniya.
• Scottish viaduct, dake kusa da kauyen Glenfinnan.
• Viaduct kan kogin Syduhe (lumen na duniya tallest gada zirga-zirga ba kasa da 0,472 km).
• Millau Viaduct (da mafi support ne 0.341 km).

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Millau Viaduct - shi ne mai yi gada yi cabling tsarin, wanda gudanar ta hanyar kwarin kogin Tarn kusa Millau a kudancin Faransa dake a cikin sashen na Averonskom. Shi ne na karshe na babbar hanya A75, wanda ya samar da high-gudun motsi na babban birnin kasar (Paris) zuwa Beziers birni. Authors na aikin - biyu mashawarta masana kimiyya a fannin aikin injiniya da kuma gine: Virlozho Michel da Norman Foster. Gina su grand tsarin crosses da mafi ƙasƙanci batu na kwarin kogin Tarn, ta ɗaure a ja dress da Larzac Filato da kuma wuce da Grand Plateau kewaye (National Park) a kan ta ciki gefen.

Žara koyo game da zabin

Bridge ne a karfe Milhaud roadbed kunshi 8 Al'arshinSa. Its goyon bayan samar da wannan adadin karfe ginshikan. The nauyi na roadway - 36 dubu tons. Its nisa ne 32 m, da kuma zurfin - .. 4.2 m viaduct Milhaud Full tsawon shi ne 2460 m, kowane daga cikin tsakiyar Al'arshinSa (6 guda) yana da tsawon 342 m, da kuma sauran biyu matsananci -. 204 m a kan wannan viaduct wanda photo fascinate, kamar yadda ya aka riga aka ambata - shi ne daya daga cikin mafi shahara a duniya. a kan shi da motsi ya fara a watan Disamba 2004. Da alama cewa ba bukatar ka bayyana bambanci tsakanin viaduct na gada a cikin wannan batu.

a yau Viaduct

A baya, wata gada da ciwon tsarin zamani viaduct, gina gaba ɗaya daga m duwatsu, wanda ke dogon manual scabbling. Halittar wannan ayyukan da aka kashe manyan adadin manual aiki da kuma lokaci. Duba wuraren da irin wannan ƙato da mãsu nauyi, irin yana da wani quite m. Saboda gaskiya cewa sosai gine-gine da ra'ayin na gada da aka quite a bukatar ta ga mutãne, a ci gaba da wayewa, da kuma, daidai da, fasahar da yi na kayan gini da kuma gina da kanta, da kuma ci gaba da ra'ayin gina irin wannan siga. A amfani da karfe a gina gadoji, kankare kuma kankare take kaiwa zuwa gare su (ajiye baka da katako zane) kasa abu. Saboda truss tsarin, a yau viaducts captivate da tunanin tsirara kayayyaki da suke da daban-daban na gani weightlessness da openwork da haka tsayayya m lodi.

Mene ne viaduct

Duk tunanin game da wannan tambaya, ya gane cewa wannan wata gada - wannan shi ne shaidar mutane ta ikon cinye yanayi, hora ta. Shi ne ta hanyar ikon tunaninsa mutumin ya iya rike wani aminci da iko hanyar da mai kyau tsawon, inda har ma da wani yanki ra'ayi, shi zai ze, domin wannan shiri, babu wata hanyar. Wadannan zane - wani ɓangare na ashirin-arni na farko, ya nuna ci gaban masana'antu da kuma gina masana'antu na zamaninmu. Kowane viaduct - mai ban mamaki kyakkyawa da ikon tsari, wanda shi ne 'ya'yan itace na tunani m injiniyoyin da talented gine-ginen.