The kafa Odessa: tarihin birnin, Monuments da ban sha'awa facts

Duniya da wuya a birnin m zuwa Odessa a kan indescribable dandano na rayuwar ta. Yana bayyana kanta a cikin fara'a da kudancin yanayi, birni gine-gine, intricately hada samfurori da fadi da dama styles. Amma babban abu, ba shakka, ta mutane - shi ne gaba daya musamman mutane kira Odessites, magana kawai ga kansa halayyar "Odessa" harshe. Wanda ya kafa wannan birni a bakin blue na Black Sea a duniya?

Har yaushe ya kasance!

Magana da objectivity, da real kafa Odessa - ba Duc de Richelieu da Mabayyani Prince G. A. Potomkin, wanda aka yaba da wannan girmamawa. A farko mazaunan Odessa ya mu magabata - mazaunan Paleolithic, wanda parking archaeologists har yanzu sami a kan yammacin bakin Gulf of Kuyalnik. Wadannan su a cikin na farko Millennium BC a Odessa bay rairayin bakin teku da aka gani Allaha daga kabilar Cimmerians. Su ne biyu da rabi da suka wuce shekara dubu canja da Scythians, kuma kamar rana da kuma lapping tãguwar ruwa na tekun Black Sea.

Amma da dokoki na tarihi ne implacable. Kuma nan da nan wadannan savages aka fitar da Girkawa, to san da lokaci duk da fara'a da wani babban wayewa. Samar da yankunan a halin yanzu Luzanovka da Port de Commerce factor (ko, a saka shi kawai, cinikayya ƙauyuka), 'ya'yan Hellas zauna a can har sai da II karni AD. Sun kuma bar mai fadi da filin aiki na zamani da ilmin kimiya na kayan tarihi. Amma sun bace daga wadannan wurare ba tare da faruwa a cikin tarihi a matsayin wadanda suka kafa Odessa. Wannan daraja sun samu.

The Middle Ages da su haruffa

A tsakiyar zamanai duka sararin yanki dab da Odessa bay, zama akai-akai da ganima daga waje nasara. A nan, tsoho Slavic kabilan Ulichi gudanar a yayin da Tivertsy, share a kan su Tartar hordes, ya isa fita zuwa gare su a hannun predatory Great Duchy na Lithuania. Har karshe, a cikin XVIII karni, ba wani lokaci na mulkin Ottoman.

M Order of Mother Empress

Inda a yau rustle Acacia Seaside babban titi, da zarar ya tsaya a Turkiyya sansanin soja Yeni Duniya, wanda yake da masĩfa to jawo hankalin hankalin da janar I. V. Gudovicha, wanda bi a 1789 at shugaban Rasha sojoji zuwa Bender. Its m detachment a karkashin umurnin Count Joseph de Ribas Jose kama da kagara alfijir a kan Satumba 13, hana masu aminci don kammala sallar alfijir, bayan ya shiga sansanin soja a cikin yawan kofuna Rasha-Turkish yaki na 1787-1791.

Shekaru biyu bayan an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar da Jassy, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen tashin. Bisa ga daftarin aiki, a karkashin Rasha sandan tashi babba ƙasa, da ake kira New Rasha. A ta yammacin ɓangare, a kan Black Sea Coast, da Empress Catherine II bayar da umarni a kan May 27, 1794 umurce su da su fara shiri na gari, da sansanin soja da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa. Saboda haka, bugun jini daga gidan sarauta, da alƙalami samu na da hakkin rayuwa wannan musamman birni.

Sunan da aka ba jariri

Aikinsa kafa Odessa fara daidai da watanni uku. A farko tari kore a cikin ƙasa rigayi kauri sabis da yayyafa shi da ruwa mai tsarki. Fata ba nan gaba birni mai gaske Turai ainihi, da Empress izini da yi aikin na wani Dutch injiniya da kuma m Fransua De Vollanu, ya shiga Rasha sabis a 1787 a karkashin taimaka na Rasha Jakadan a The Hague.

Saboda haka shi ya bude duniya cewa a lokacin da haihuwa ba kawai jariran da aka bã sunayen, amma duk birnin. A shekara bayan da farkon gina da dutse jariri ya zama na farko da za a raɗa masa real name - Odessa faruwa kamar yadda masu bincike suka yi ĩmãni, daga sunan wani tsoho Greek birnin Odessos, wanda ya sau daya kadan zuwa gabas, a kan tudu na yanzu Tylihul estuary.

Deribas - wanda ya kafa Odessa

City, haife ta ne daga al'amarin Empress, aka gina a karkashin kai tsaye dubawa na daya daga cikin jaruman da zamanin Catherine, Vice Admiral Iosifa De Ribas, da sosai m warriors cewa da zarar nan da nan ya ɗauki Turkish sansanin soja Yeni Duniya. Spanish bafadan da haihuwa, ya ko da yaushe aka kõra gaba kishin kasada, ya rayu a rayuwar mai haske da kuma cike da mafi m Kasadar da zai iya zama a matsayin na mãkirci ne ba iri daya ba kasada litattafan.

Kamar yadda kafa Odessa da ta farko magajin gari, de Ribas immortalized sunansa a cikin suna daga cikin manyan titi Deribasovskaya. Haka ne, a cikin wata kalma, ba tare da raba da Faransa aristocratic prefix "de", kira shi Odessa. A Kabarin kuma girmama wannan mutumin birni da mazauna sun kafa ne kawai a shekarar 1994, ya ƙare ta zo daidai da bikin na bicentenary birnin.

Biyu Odessa magajin gari

A lokacin da a 1803 de Ribas da aka canjawa wuri zuwa St. Petersburg, a cikin gidan qasaita located ofishin da rai bariki gaba da magajin gari, wanda shi ma ya tafi a cikin tarihi a matsayin wanda ya kafa Odessa. Ba ta kasance ba kasa shahara fiye da ta gada, da Duke de Richelieu - Faransa aristocrat, ya zo ne bayan da Faransa da juyin juya halin da Rasha sabis. Ya Kabarin crowning da Potemkin matakala, ya zama wani irin hallmark birnin.

Duke da aka musamman kaifin baki da kuma talented gudanarwa. A zamanin mulkinsa, (1803-1815 gg.) A cikin birnin gudanar da m yi, akwai mutane da yawa da sabon tituna aka karya gidãjen Aljanna, gina da Orthodox da Katolika, a majami'a, bariki, kasuwar, bude more makarantu da halitta mai tafki domin sabo ruwa, a lokacin shi kuwa yana da dacewa.

A 'ya'yan itatuwa na Board of nagari mutane

Mun gode wa m shugabanci, a Odessa, kamar babu inda kuma, a m yanayi domin ci gaban cinikayya. A duk da fadi da iko ni'imtar da a kan shi da Alexander I, na biyu kafa na Odessa Duke (Duke) de Richelieu tabbatar da kaifin baki isa zuwa rabu da tausayin gida kasuwanci administrative gadi, barin m zabi wani m hanya don bunkasa kasuwanci. Kamar haka ya fizge zuwa birni mai manyan yawan Rasha da kuma kasashen waje kasuwa, kuma daidai da, da kuma su manya.

Wadannan biyu maza, cikin wadanda suka kafa Odessa - Vice Admiral Iosif De Ribas, da kuma Duc de Richelieu - halitta a birni wanda ya zama ba kawai an tattalin arziki da cibiyar al'adu na New Rasha, amma kuma mai iko kufaifan a kan Black Sea, ba kowane labarin ya nuna harin da abokan gaba.

M, kuma m Count Langeron

A 1815, da magajin garin Odessa dauki sanya wasu babu kasa cancantar mutum - Count Alexander Fedorovich Langeron. Sunansa, ya rufe shi da ɗaukaka a kan garun da Isma'ilu, da a cikin hari wanda ya dauki kashi tare da A. V. Suvorovym. Kamar yadda aka nuna Sahaban, sai dai matsananciyar ƙarfin hali, da babban inganci shi ne karimci, tilasta raba karshe dinari ga kowa, wanda za shi kuma ya nemi.

Samun dama ga birnin domin talatin da shekaru kusan wajibi-free shigo da kaya (haraji tashar jiragen ruwa yanayin), ya wadãtar da ya ƙwarai a, amma ya bar bayan mutuwa daga magãdan wani karamin gida da kuma kusan hasãra gona. A Odessa, a lokacin shekaru na Alexander Fedorovich bayyana Botanical Garden, kuma da dama Parks, ta fara wallafa na farko jarida a birnin, da kuma bude kofofin ta Richelieu lyceum, wanda ya zama na biyu a Rasha bayan sanannen Tsarskoye Selo.

City glitz da alatu

A nan gaba, mai daraja galaxy na masu unguwanni shiga cikin Prince Mihail Sergeevich Vorontsov. Godiya ga shi, Odessa samu aristocratic mai sheki. Mallakan wani gagarumin Jihar kasancewa a cikin dangantaka tare da mafi girma nobility na Rasha da kuma Ingila, ya ya iya ya jawo hankalin zuwa birni da yawa membobin high jama'a da kuma waɗanda suka yi, ba da ciwon m sunan, da duk da haka wani m jihar. Wannan sarkin taimake matarsa - Polish aristocrat Countess Bronitskaya. Saboda ta dangane da Odessa daga Poland koma mai yawa arziki iyalansu.

Wannan ya gudummawar da kara ci gaba da kasuwanci, da fitowan na sabon sinimomi kuma gidajen cin abinci. Wadata daga hatsi cinikayya da sauran sassa na birnin kullum kumbura, kuma sanye take da zamani, jin dãɗin. Bayan cimma da tsawo na haraji tashar jiragen ruwa don wani shekaru goma, Prince Vorontsov sanya Odessa mafi girma shopping cibiyar da ke kudancin Rasha.

Unfading memory da kafa Odessa

A shekarar 2007, Catherine Square na birnin da aka gina a 1900, gina da kuma dismantled a lokacin Soviet abin tunawa ga cikin wadanda suka kafa Odessa. A abun da ke ciki na sculptor M. P. Popova ne adadi na Catherine II, ya tashe a kan wani babban pedestal, kuma tsaye a gindin ta hudu sahabbai. Daga cikin su - ambata de Ribas, kazalika da shahararren Figures na zamanin G. A. Potomkin, de Volan da PA Zubov. Kowace daga cikinsu bar su da alãmarsu a kan tarihin birnin.

Shi ne mai muhimmanci aukuwa a cikin al'adu rai na kauye. Odessa kullum musamman arziki monumental ayyukan Masters na da ƙarni da ba rana. Yawancin su suna gane Masterpieces. Wannan shi ne abin tunawa ga Duke de Richelieu, Popular a seaside babban titi Prince Vorontsov a Cathedral Square, da Yaren mutanen Poland mawãƙi Adam Mickiewicz a farkon Alexander Avenue da kuma waɗansu da yawa, suna da ɗaukakar Odessa.

Duk da cewa tarihi ya kiyaye su cikin sunayen kawai waɗanda, saboda su high zaman jama'a da kuma hukuma matsayi da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan ta ci gaba da raya kasa, da gaskiya ya kafa birnin na Odessa wanda tuna - wadanda suke sama da karni biyu da suka wuce, da hannuwansu halitta shi a kan rana-gasa gaba da tekun Black Sea. Aikinsu da aka haife wata mu'ujiza, girmama mutane da yawa kasida, ya zama gida ga da yawa ban mamaki mutane. Shi ne da mutane - da gaskiya ya kafa Odessa. A tarihin birnin - shaida wannan.