The Crimean War: War Heroes (jerin)

Yanzu, lokacin da bayan da shan kashi na Rasha a cikin Crimea ya kasance fiye da rabin karni, ba wanda zai ce cewa akwai a yaki "da miyagun mutane tsotse." An ce da babban waƙen Tiutchev. Ya - guda shekaru kamar yadda duk da mummunan sakamakon da ya kawo kasar Crimean War. Heroes na War na kawai m. Amma sarki kishi ya zama Mai gafala da cewa yaki kamata ba da lambar kuma fasaha.

gabas yaki

A soja mataki ya faru ba kawai a kan yankin, wanda ya ba da sunan uku-shekara yakin neman zabe, amma kuma a cikin Caucasus, a kan White, Black, Barents Sea, Kamchatka, kuma a cikin Danubian mulkoki. Duk da haka, da Crimea ya halartar fiye da duk, sabili da haka ya zama Crimean War. War heroes selflessly ba da rayukansu domin kare kanka da karfafa iko a kan Black Sea straits kuma da Balkan Larabawa. Abu ne mai wuya su duk gane yadda muhimmanci shi ne ga kasar, amma saboda ta Rasha mutane a koyaushe aikata dukan abin da suka.

Yi yãƙi ba kawai a kan Turks matsayin Ottoman Empire aka ƙwarai raunana, a cikin wannan yanayin, da nasara zo da sauki. A'a, da Rasha da fuskantar kamar taba kafin, da kuma daga baya dukan Turai kawance - Birtaniya da Faransa, Sardinia, kuma su ilk. Kuma, kamar yadda ko da yaushe, suna da aka kai hari daga kõwane a kan duk iyaka da babbar Rasha - wancan ne abin da ya juyar da Crimean War. War heroes ko'ina - daga White Sea zuwa Petropavlovsk. Amma gaza lashe.

dalilai

Turks da ake bukata da Balkans, inda dukkan flared karfi National Liberation Movement, kuma sun so su shiga cikin Crimea, da kuma daular gaɓar teku. Turai son sauke Rasha ta girma a duniya al'umma, to rasa ƙarfi da shi, kada a ba da qafafunku a gabas ta tsakiya, kazalika da yiwuwar don zaɓar ta zuwa Poland, Crimea, Finland da kuma Caucasus. Duk wannan saboda nasu kasuwanni. Sun kasance sũ ne sosai a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Crimean War. War heroes kashe domin kare kanka da sauran mutane ta burinsu da kuma enrichment na wasu.

Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I a farkon 50-ies karni na sha tara da aka la'akari da matakai da za su rarrabe da Orthodox Balkans daga mulkin Ottoman kuma taba tunanin cewa Austria da kuma Birtaniya za su je irin wannan mai girma manufa. Yana da aka akalla short-gani. UK cikin mafarki sawa displaces Rasha ba kawai daga gaba na Black Sea, amma kuma daga Caucasus. Napoleon III a matsayin yawa so fansa ga rasa yaki na 1812, duk wannan a bayyane yake. Rasha heroes of Crimean War yi duk abin da a da ikon ya lashe, amma tsaro sun bã su daidaita, kuma wasu dalilai - zalla fasaha yanayi - sun hana.

A mataki na farko

A watan Oktoba Nicholas na tafi yaki tare da Turkey ta shiga da ya dace bayyananna, kuma na farko da watanni shida da aka gaske gudanar kawai tare da Turks da Crimean War a 1853. A heroes of wadannan ayyukan soji sun tabbatar daga rana ta farko. Duk da haka, sarki ya ɓace musu, dogaro a kan wadanda ba tsangwama da kuma ko da taimaka daga m Birtaniya da kuma Austria sojojin. Sojojin Rasha sun fi yawa - fiye da mutane miliyan. Amma equipping shi bar yawa da za a so. Da bindigogi Turawa a fili rasa mu santsi.

Manyan bindigogi da aka sarai rabu amfani. mu jiragen ruwa cruised mafi yawa har yanzu a karkashin ze tashi, da kuma Turai tururi injuna sun aiwatar. Communications, kamar yadda, lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, kuma ko da yaushe aka, kamar yadda, lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, ta ci gaba da maimaitawa juya, ba an kafa, abinci da kuma harsasai fronts samu marigayi, kuma tare da rashin ƙari bai isa a kan lokaci. Tare da Turks, da Rasha, sojoji, da kuma a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki zai iya abar kulawa, amma da Turai ta hada sojojin ko da yawa heroes of Crimean War, ba zai iya shafar sakamako.

yakin Sinop

Da farko, nasarar da aka m. Babban alama - Battle of Sinop, a watan Nuwamba 1853, a lokacin da Rasha admiral P. S. Nahimov gwarzo na Crimean War gaba daya niƙa a Sinop Bay Turkish jiragen ruwa a cikin 'yan sa'o'i. Bugu da kari, duk bakin teku batura da aka mur. Turkish tushe na sojan ruwa ya rasa fiye da dozin jiragen ruwa da kuma fiye da dubu uku, an kashe mutane kawai, duk bakin teku kufaifan kasance halakakku. Kwamandan na Turkish rundunar kama. Daya kawai high-gudun jirgin da Birtaniya shawara ga hukumar ya iya zamewa daga bay.

Nakhimov asarar sun yawa kasa: babu jirgin da aka ba flooded, wasu daga cikinsu an lalace kuma bar don gyara. Talatin da bakwai da aka kashe mutane. Waɗannan su ne na farko heroes of Crimean War (1853-1856). Jerin ne bude. Duk da haka, shi ne wannan brilliantly ya shirya kuma babu kasa brilliantly gudanar da teku yaƙi, a Sinop Bay a zahiri rubũtacce a zinariya a shafukan da tarihi na Rasha jiragen ruwa. Kuma nan da nan bayan da ya tsananta Faransa da kuma Ingila, ba su iya ba da damar Rasha ta lashe. War aka ayyana, kuma da zaran wani ya rundujar soja masu dawaki bayyana a cikin Baltic Sea a Kronstadt da Sveaborg, wanda aka kai hari. A fadar White Sea, English jiragen ruwa bombarded da Solovetsky sufi. The yaki ya fara a kan Kamchatka Larabawa.

biyu kafa

A karo na biyu lokaci na yaki - daga Afrilu 1854 zuwa Fabrairu 1856 - farkon baki na Birtaniya da kuma Faransa a cikin Crimea da kuma kai hari a kan sansanin soja Rasha a cikin hudu tekuna. Mafi muhimmanci ma, da invaders kokarin kama da sashin na Crimea, saboda Sevastopol ya riga tsanani Rasha ta sojan ruwa tushe. Sun fara da balaguro zuwa sãshensu waliyyai a Yalta, inda nan take ya lashe Alma River. Kwamandan A. S. Menshikov karkatar da sojojin Rasha zuwa Bakhchisarai. Coast tsare su da heroes of Sevastopol. The Crimean War ya bar su damar lashe, amma sun shirya wani kewaye tsanani hanya. Tsaro jagorancin P. S. Nahimov, VI Istomin da V. Kornilov.

Kamar yadda yãƙi admirals kasance a kan tudu? Fiye da dubu ashirin da dubu daga matuƙan shiga cikin ƙasa sojojin, nitsewa da jiragen ruwa a bakin ƙofar Sevastopol bay, ta haka ƙarfafa birane masu garu daga teku. A wannan mataki da heroes of Crimean War (1853-1856) ya tafi saboda rauni Rasha jiragen ruwa har yanzu sun iya tsayayya da invaders. Amma da bindigogi daga jiragen ruwa - fiye da dubu biyu da bindigogi - yi aiki a matsayin wani ƙarin tabbatarwa daga cikin gagarumin kagara. Suka zama guda takwas, a tsakanin sauran kufaifan. Farar hula, yawan aka tsunduma cikin su yi, Sa'ad da garun ya saka duk: hukumar. furniture, kayayyakinsa, da duwatsu da kuma sauki ƙasar, wani abu da zai iya akalla partially jinkirta da harsasai. Mutane zo sosai cewa akwai bai isa ba na zaba da manyan cokula - duk su, wadannan talakawa mutane, ma, heroes of Crimean War na 1853-1856.

tsaro

Sansanin soja da aka gudanar da kewaye ga 349 kwana. Talatin da dubu sansanin da sojan ruwa crews ya tsaya, ya ƙaddamar nuna biyar harin bom yakin da ya hallaka dukan Ship gefen birnin. Kora da ƙasa, kuma zuwa teku, a total fiye da dubu ɗari biyar da dubu hamsin bindigogi kora bawo. Amma ba jin tsoron Sevastopol, Crimean War aka ba tukuna rasa, da kuma duk da disparate yawan gun ganga, Rasha shoot sosai da sosai. Da ɗari biyu da sittin da takwas bindigogi goyon daga mu gefen wannan m duel. Makiya jiragen ruwa da aka manyan hasarori - takwas tasoshin bar don gyara - da kuma ja da baya.

More daga teku Sevastopol aka ba bamai, kuma da basira kare sojojin Rasha, kadan jini da sauri birnin da aka ba su riƙi, ko da yake shi ne a kan wannan da kuma gina dukan lissãfi. A nasara ya muhimmanci, ko da yake ya juya daga mafi kyawawan fiye da soja: da sojojin taron dangi sun ba a ci, da zama ci gaba. Ba tare da irreparable hasãra. A lokacin da kewaye da mutuwar mutane da yawa heroes of Crimean War (1853-1856). Jerin da aka gangarawa da asarar a farkon kwanaki ya mutu heroically karkashin wuta daga mataimakin Admiral Kornilov. A Nakhimov, wanda ya jagoranci tsaro na Sevastopol yanzu, an ciyar da su admiral. Shi ne a cikin Maris 1855. Kuma a watan Yuli, yana kuma mortally rauni - kusan a wannan wuri, inda suka kashe Kornilov.

kasawa

A Rasha sojojin karkashin umurnin Prince Menshikov kokarin taimaka Sevastopol, ja da besiegers, amma a banza. Battle of Yevpatoria, Inkerman da kuma Black Rechka ƙare unsuccessfully da kare birnin-gwarzo taimaka sosai kadan. Zobe maƙiyi shrank kome tighter. A yaƙin neman zaɓe a Crimea ga Rasha da aka fili rasa. A cikin Caucasus, Masarauta kadan mafi alhẽri, akwai da Turkiyya da sojojin da aka dukan tsiya akai-akai, ko gudanar da kama da sansanin soja na Kars.

Duk da haka, da heroes of Crimean War, kuma su exploits iya ba rama domin su ƙarfin hali duka shortcomings da makamai da kayayyaki na Rasha sojojin. A watan Agusta, da Faransa sun shagaltar da kudancin Sevastopol da Malakoff. A rabo na gari tare da wadannan hasarori da aka yanke shawarar fiye da kwata na duk rundunar sojoji, guda goma sha uku da mutane dubu ne suka rasa a cikin yaƙin na rana. A arewacin birnin, kuma bai daina, sallama na tsaro ba jira.

A karshen yaki

Daya ɗari da goma sha biyar dubu maza na Rasha sojojin a cikin Crimea kasance har yanzu a shirye da aiki, ko da idan abokan gaba outnumbered su da - da invaders komai a fili a kan sashin ɗari da dubu hamsin. Saboda haka, culmination na yaki ya kare Sevastopol. Bayan haka, soja mataki da aka katse. Rasha ga gaci a cikin Caucasus, amma su ne babbar hasara a cikin Crimea. Army ya kusan gama tsautsayi, da kuma, Characteristically, - kome da kome. Ko m. Tattaunawar fara.

Paris

Da yarjejeniya da aka sanya hannu a Paris a cikin watan Maris 1856. Rasha ya rasa ba sosai a cikin yankuna, amma a halin kirki wulãkanci. Kudancin gundumomi na Bessarabia aka rabu, dama na taimaka na Serbia da Danube a cikin Orthodox Empire sata. Amma mafi m - da neutralization na Black Sea: Our kasar ne a yanzu ba zai iya zama a can wani sojojin ruwa, mata kagarai da arsenals. Rasha kan iyaka da aka fallasa. A gabas ta tsakiya, ya yi yawa, duk da tasiri aka rasa: Moldova, Serbia da kuma Wallachia koma ga Sultan na Ottoman Empire.

Fallen heroes of Crimean War, da jerin wanda aka kõma har bayan ta kammala, kuma shi inexpressibly girma (da farawa jerin haruffa daga sunan da Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I, tare da sauran kunya, amma da rai!) - dai itace, ya mutu a banza. Rasha kaye a dukkan hakkokin da abin ya shafa ba kawai ciki da wuri, amma kuma ga dukan ma'auni na duniya sojojin. Dage farawa danda gane kasawan a cikin management, equipping sojojin, amma akwai wani zanga-zanga da unshakable ruhu da kuma inexhaustible Rasha heroism na Rasha sojoji. A jama'a a kasar suka fara yin magana mafi kuma mafi gabagaɗi, kuma da gaskiya, Nikolaev mulki ya guises. Gwamnatin dauki mayar da shi baya sake fasalin a jihar.

Kornilov

Vladimir Alekseevich Kornilov, wani mataimakin-admiral, wani hereditary sojan ruwa jami'in. Ya halarci a cikin shahararrun Battle of Navarino (1827) da Masar da kuma Turkiyya jiragen ruwa, inda da ƙungiya wakkala a gare shi da flagship "Azov" nuna kwarai mazakuta da kuma na farko a cikin tarihin na Rasha samu abar St George flag.

Kusa da Kornilov sa'an nan suka yi jihãdi biyu sauran gwarzo na Crimean War: matasa Lieutenant Nakhimov da midshipman Istomin. A farkon sosai na yaki, a watan Oktoba 1853, Kornilov, yayin da a kan bincike, ya gano a cikin bay na Turkish jirgin, kallafaffen shi da yaki, ya ci, ya kawo shi a cikin ja zuwa Sevastopol. Bayan gyara jirgin - mai rarity for Rasha daga waɗanda sau - shi aka kaddamar da kuma ya tafi zuwa ga Black Sea jiragen ruwa a karkashin sunan "Kornilov."

Last umurnin

Kafin kewaye da Sevastopol, Vice Admiral bukaci ga shawara da flagships da kuma shugabannin kawancen ya ba da karshe na sojan ruwa da yaƙi. Amma mafi yawan shi ba goyan bayan, da sojojin ruwa kawai nutse a ƙofar bay na Sevastopol, don haka cewa makiya ba iya je kusa da birnin daga teku.

Sa'an nan Vladimir shirya gina garun da kuma gagarumin shirya don a kewaye. A Malakhov Hill aka mortally rauni a wani m manyan bindigogi bombardment, za zagaye sabon kufaifan. Kornilov ya umurce: "Kare Sevastopol!" kuma bayan 'yan mintoci da ya mutu. Ko da yake, kamar yadda aka nuna da Crimean War (1853), da haruffa ba su mutu ba!

Nakhimov

Pavel Stepanovich Nahimov ya dan wani soja wanda 'ya'ya maza biyar ya zama shahararren seamen: Vice Admiral, darektan na Marine yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps, inda dukkan biyar karatu, ya zama kane - Sergei. Duk da haka, shi ya Paul rufe wannan sunan unfading ɗaukaka. Midshipman, ya tafi zuwa ga Birgediya "Phoenix" a Denmark da kuma Sweden, sa'an nan suka bauta wa a Baltic Sea. Ya zama kyaftin na jirgin "Navarino", ya bambanta kansa a cikin kawancen na Dardanelles (1828) da kuma na daga cikin masu karɓa na umarni.

A 1832, ya tako a cikin rawar da kwamandan a cikin shahararrun jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Pallada", da kuma ci gaba da bauta wa a cikin Baltic Sea a karkashin almara Bellingshausen. Bayan shekaru biyu sai aka canjawa wuri zuwa Sevastopol, bada jagorancin mikakke jirgin "Silistra", inda ya sami Nakhimov gaba shekara goma sha ɗaya. Bukatarsa ce, cewa jirgin ya zama wani abin koyi? A mafi kyau a cikin Navy! Sunan Nakhimov zama kowace rana fiye da mafi m: da wuya, amma irin da gaisuwa da mutum a duk kewaye awakens mafi kyau ji.

A exploits na gwarzo

The Crimean War ya nuna cewa mutane ba su daidai ba ne a kimantawa da mutuntakar Paul Stepanovich. A farkon yakin, a watan Nuwamba 1853, Nakhimov lasafta maƙiyi rundujar soja masu dawaki, ya aika zuwa Caucasus, amma ya boye daga hadura a Sinop Bay. A Nakhimov da takwas jiragen ruwa, yayin da Osman Pasha - goma sha shida. A hari ƙare Rousseau jiragen ruwa - An ce a sama. Domin wannan m nasara, Vice Admiral Nakhimov samu daga Mamallaki Order of Saint George, da kuma Kornilov rubuta cewa yaƙin unprecedented, har ma mafi girma Cesme, Nakhimov da haka shigar da Rasha rundunar tarihi har abada.

Next Nakhimov gladly shiga biyayya ga Kornilov a kewaye da Sebastopol, kuma bayan mutuwarsa dauki wurin da kwamandan. Da dama hari da aka tsãwace heroically, Nakhimov Sarki kuwa ya ba da wani sakamako ga wannan, a cikin abin da Paul Stepanovich fushi koka: "Zai fi kawo bawo da bam!". A Yuni Nakhimov mutu kusan a wannan wuri na Malakhov Hill, inda ta gada. Amma kasar da kuma a yau ya ambaci da gwarzo!