Battle of Navarino. Major sojan ruwa yaki a 1827. sakamakon

Navarino teku yaƙi, wanda ya faru a ranar da rana, 20 ga Oktoba, 1927 a eponymous bay, ba wai kawai shi ne daya daga cikin mafi daraja shafukan a cikin tarihi na cikin gida da rundunar motoci, amma kuma hidima a matsayin wani misali na abin da Rasha da kuma kasashen Yammacin Turai iya sami manufa daya a lokacin da ta je tauye hakkin da abubuwan da yanci na jama'a daban-daban. Ba wani united gaban da da ƙasƙancin rãyuwa Ottoman Empire, Birtaniya, Rasha da kuma Faransa sun bayar invaluable taimako ga Greek mutane a cikin gwagwarmayar samun 'yancin kai.

Rasha da kasashen Turai a farkon rabin na XIX karni

Rasha Empire a cikin karni na 19th, musamman bayan da shan kashi na Napoleon da kuma Congress of Vienna, ya zama cikakken memba na kasa da kasa da harkokin siyasa. Bugu da ƙari, da tasiri a cikin 1810-1830-ies. Yana da aka haka mai girma cewa yana nemi goyon baya a duk fiye ko žasa da muhimmanci yanayi. Halitta a cikin himma da Alexander I, da Ruhu Mai Alliance, babban manufar wanda shi ne yaki da adana data kasance a cikin kasashen Turai, da siyasa, gwamnatocin, ya zama wani muhimmin kayan aiki na da tasiri a kan duk ciki-Turai al'amura.

Daya daga cikin rauni da maki na Turai na farko da kwata na XIX karni aka hankali niƙẽwa Ottoman Empire. Duk da yunkurin kawo canji, Turkey aka ƙara lagging bayan manyan al'ummai, hankali rasa iko da dukiya, ciki har da wani ɓangare na da daular. Matsayi na musamman a cikin wannan tsari sun shagaltar da kasashen na Balkan Larabawa, wanda tare da wani ido a kan zai yiwu taimako ga Rasha da kuma sauran kasashen Turai suna ƙara fara yaki domin su 'yancin kai.

A 1821, da Girkanci fara tunzurin. Gwamnatin Rasha ta samu kanta a cikin wani mawuyacin hali: a daya hannun, abubuwa na Ruhu Mai Alliance aka ba a yarda su goyi bayan wadanda suka bayar da shawarar da bita na data kasance halin da ake ciki, da kuma a kan sauran - Orthodox Helenawa sun dade da aka daukarsa a matsayin mu, sãshensu waliyyai, yayin da dangantakar da Turkey kusan ko da yaushe kasance da nisa daga mafi kyau duka. Ã'a matsa a hankali a farko alaka da wadannan abubuwan da suka faru aka hankali maye gurbinsu ƙara girma matsa lamba a kan zuriyar Osman. Battle of Navarino a 1827 ya mai ma'ana ƙarshe na wannan tsari.

Fage da kuma dalilan

A Girkanci da kuma Turkiyya 'yan adawa na dogon lokaci, babu wani daga cikin jam'iyyun iya ba kai wani hukunci magabaci. A halin wannan tarihi ya rubuta abin da ake kira Akkerman Yarjejeniyar, sa'an nan a cikin hanyar lumana shiri ya dauki mai aiki Rasha, Faransa da kuma Ingila. Nicholas I bayyana shi ga Sultan Mahmud II, wanda zai yi tafiya zuwa sosai tsanani asasshe ajiye Balkan jihohi a matsayin wani ɓangare na daular. Wadannan da bukatun da aka gyarawa yarjejeniya Petersburg a 1826, inda Helenawa da aka yi wa'adi m cin gashin, ciki har da hakkin ya zabi zuwa jama'a ofishin na da shugabanninta.

A duk da wadannan yarjejeniyoyi, Turkey a kowane damar aspired zuwa saki gagarumin kan m Helenawa real kisan kare dangi. Wannan ƙarshe haifar Rasha da ta Turai sãshensu waliyyai ne ga matsa wa mafi hukunci mataki.

A jeri na sojojin kafin yakin Navarino

Battle of Navarino gano cewa, a lokacin da Turkish jiragen ruwa an dauke daya daga cikin mafi kyau a Turai, sun fashi wuce. Sultan da Pasha kapudan Muharram Bey gudanar tada a cikin Rum yankin ne sosai m ƙarfi. Bugu da kari ga ainihin Turkish frigates mu mayar da hankali iko battleships na Misira da kuma Tunisia. A general, wannan armada kunshi 66 pennants, wanda yana da fiye da 2,100 bindigogi. Turks ma zai iya ƙidaya a kan goyon bayan da jihar bakin teku manyan bindigogi, kungiyar na da babban rawa a lokacin taka leda Faransa injiniyoyi.

Tarayya rundujar soja masu dawaki, wanda general umurnin yawan shekaru nuna Banasare Codrington, akwai kawai ashirin da shida pennants tare da kusan 1,300 bindigogi. Duk da haka, jirãge na line - babban karfi a wani sojan ruwa yaki na lokaci - su yi karin - goma zuwa bakwai. Amma ga Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki, cewa shi hada da hudu battleships da frigates, kuma umarta ta da wani gogaggen soja L. Heyden, wanda aka rike da tuta a kan flagship "Azov".

Ƙaddarãwar kafin yaƙin

Riga kasancewa a cikin kusanci da Greek tarin tsiburai, da Allied umurnin da ya sanya a karshe ƙoƙari su warware rikici cikin lumana. Pasha Ibragim a lokacin tattaunawar, a madadin Sultan yi wa'adi uku-mako tsagaita wuta da cewa kusan nan da nan da aka karya ta. Bayan haka, kawance da rundunar jiragen jerin flanking horar da kulle Turks a Navarino Bay, inda wadanda karkashin kariyar iko bakin teku batura yi nufi ba a general yaƙi.

Battle of Navarino da aka fi mayar rasa ta Turks kafin shi ya fara. Zabar wannan wajen kunkuntar bay, suka zahiri sun hana wa kansu da na lamba amfani, kamar yadda kawai karamin sashi na jiragen iya lokaci guda shiga a cikin yaƙi. Coast harbi da aka dogara a kan ta kofaton na Turkish rundunar motoci, musamman rawa a cikin yaƙi ba wasa.

A masõya aka shirin kai farmaki biyu ginshikan: Birtaniya da kuma Faransa da murkushe dama flank, da kuma Rasha soja jiragen ruwa - kammala da rout, ya jingina a gefen hagu na Turkish jiragen ruwa.

A farkon yakin

A safiyar Oktoba 8, 1827 Anglo-Faransa rundujar soja masu dawaki, wanda yake kusa da abokin gaba sahu a cikin wani shafi, fara jinkirin motsi a cikin shugabanci na Turks. Yayinda cikin harbin bindiga, da jirãge tsaya, da kuma Admiral Codrington aika jakadu zuwa cikin Turks, wanda aka harbe da bindigogi. Shots ishãra farkon yakin: a garesu a lokaci guda magana game da dubu biyu da bindigogi, da dukan bay aka tana tattare a acrid hayaki azumi.

A wannan mataki, da kawance jiragen ruwa bai iya cimma wani hukunci magabaci. Bugu da ƙari, cikin Turkish linzami sa tsanani isasshen lalacewar tsarin Muhharey Bey ya unmoved.

Battle of Navarino: shigarwa na Rasha jiragen ruwa da kuma m canji

A wani lokaci a lokacin da sakamako daga wurin yaƙi, amma har yanzu bayyananne, domin aiki fama ayyukan fara Heyden Rasha rundujar soja masu dawaki, wanda ya buga da nufin hagu flank na Turks. A farko jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Hanko" harbe bakin teku baturi, wanda ya ba da lokaci ga aikata goma volleys. Sa'an nan, a tsaye a nesa na wani bindiga harbi, Rasha jirãge zo a cikin harbe-harben duel tare da abokan gaba da jiragen ruwa.

A brunt na yaƙi fadi a kan flagship "Azov", wanda kwamandan aka sani m sojan ruwa kwamandan Mikhail Lazarev. A matsayin shugaban Rasha fama naúrar, sai nan da nan ya shiga yaƙi da biyar maƙiyi jirãge, nitsewa biyu na su da sauri. Bayan haka, ya garzaya zuwa ga ceto na Birtaniya "Asia", wanda ya bude wuta kan abokan gaba flagship. Rasha battleships da frigates sun yi girman in abar yaƙi: shan wurin sanya musu da yaƙi samuwar, su ne a karkashin zafin maƙiyi wuta sanya bayyanannu, kuma dace horar da, nutsar da daya da daya Baturke da Masar kotu. Wannan} o} arin rundujar soja masu dawaki Heyden bayar da wani m canji a cikin yaƙi.

A karshen yakin: da cikakken nasarar kawance jiragen ruwa

Battle of Navarino dade kawai a kan hudu, kuma yana da sosai babban taro na wuta da kuma jikewa horar da. Duk da cewa yi yaƙin a kan Turkish ƙasa, wato Turks sun kasance a shirye domin shi muni. Da dama daga cikin jiragen ruwa a lokacin da motsi gudu aground da kuma zama da sauki ganima. By ƙarshen uku hour na yaƙin ya bayyana, da kawayenta suka fara gasa a wãne ne mafi kwatami jiragen ruwa.

A sakamakon haka, ba tare da rasa wani guda jirgin fama, da kawance rundunar ci nasara a kan Turkish jiragen ruwa: mafaka daya kadai da ya jirgin, kuma ya samu wani sosai tsanani rauni. Irin wannan sakamako da cika fuska canza duk da ma'auni na sojojin a yankin.

sakamakon

Battle of Navarino a 1827 shi ne share fage na gaba Rasha-Turkish yaki. Wani daga sakamakonsa ne ya mai kaifi canji a cikin rabo na Greek kuma Turkish sojojin. Bayan fama da wani kaye, Turkey ta shiga wani lokaci na tsanani da rikicin siyasa. Ta kasance ba har zuwa kakanni na Girkawa, wadanda suka yi iya ba kawai lashe m cin gashin, amma kuma cimma cikakken 'yancin kai nan da nan.

1827 a tarihin Rasha - shi ne duk da haka wani tabbaci na soja da siyasa da iko. Enlisting da goyon bayan kasashe irin su Ingila da Faransa, ta ya iya kwarmato a kan halin da ake ciki, don ƙarfafa matsayinsu a cikin Turai fagen fama.