Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar: tarihi, ƙasa tsari

Daya daga cikin haske aukuwa daga cikin yakin basasa a cikin ta Kudu na Rasha shi ne halittar wani zaman kanta ta kasar a cikin ƙasa na Kuban da iko na biyu da Bolsheviks da kuma fadar White Guard ga sa kai sojojin, wadda kokarin daukar ta a karkashin iko. Ga bayani a kan yadda za events fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa wannan cikakken ban mamaki labarin gaya a cikin labarin.

Ƙasa, kuma tutar gashi na makamai na sabuwar kafa jamhuriyar

A ƙasa na Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar, ya yi kira a watan Fabrairu na shekarar 1918, ya kasance mai yawa da kuma amounted zuwa 94400 km². Yana miƙa daga Yeisk estuary (Bay na Azov Sea) zuwa arewa na babban Caucasus dutsen iyaka zuwa kudu. A yammacin ɓangare na shi kai Kerch mashigar kuma gabashin kai Black Sea lardin, da cibiyar da abin da yake Novorossiysk.

Flag of Kuban wakiltar panel rabu da wani kwance blue, garura, da kore ratsi, da nisa daga cikin tsakãtsaki ce tsiri da aka biyu sau mafi girma daga matsananci. The darajar kowane launi da aka ba tsayayyen shirin gaskiya, amma an zaci cewa alamar da garura, da Black Sea Cossacks - zuriyar Cossacks, blue - magãdan Don Cossacks, da kuma kore - da Cossacks, da suke Musulmi tuddai. Dã a jamhuriyar da ta gashi na makamai, a photo na wanda aka sanya a cikin labarin.

Mene ne Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar?

Ciki Design na kai-shelar jihar ne a tsarin gangarawa ataman shugaban ne a daidai lokacin da kwamandan sojojin. Its alhakin ya zuwa da nada mambobi ne na gwamnati, shi da kansa an zabe ga wani ajali na 4 shekaru na Kuban Rada wani gefe, wanda tare da Kuban Rada yan majalisa shi ne babban majalisu jiki na jihar ilimi.

Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar a 1918 a cikin siyasa abun da ke ciki ne ƙwarai, iri-irin, da girma da yawan falala a kansu guda biyu mafi yawa kungiyoyin. Daya daga cikinsu, ta fuskar tattalin arziki karfi, aka kira "Chernomorets" da kuma kunshi yafi na wakilan da Black Sea Ukrainian-magana Cossacks tsaye a kan aware ka'idojin. Chernomortsy kira ga halittar wani zaman kanta, Kuban Jihar united tare da Ukraine a kan tarayya ka'idojin.

Magoya bayan na biyu siyasa kungiyar, da ake kira "Lineytsev" falala a kansu shigarwa na Kuban a cikin "daya da kuma basa Rasha." A ko'ina cikin lokaci, yayin da akwai wani Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar (1918-1920 gg.) Tsakanin siyasa kulla m gwagwarmaya, wani lokacin daukan musamman kaifi form. Musamman gaggawa da shi ya ba wa kafa Kuban Bolshevik tsarin mulki.

A zabi na siyasa shiriya

A 1918, da Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar, kazalika da ta kewaye yankin ya zama wani ɓangare na janar aiwatar da mi} a mulki cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Bolsheviks, suka taimake Black Sea lardin, da iko da su wadda aka kafa a farkon Disamba 1917.

Ta yaya za a iya samu nasarar tabbatar da} o} arin na Bolsheviks a Kuban yankin, sun fi mayar dogara a kan wanda gefe zai zama gida Cossacks, wanda shagaltar a lokacin da wani mai dãko, kuma kada ku bayyana bude goyon baya ga su ko su main maƙiyi - White gudummuwar Army, wanda ya yi yaƙi a kudancin Rasha.

Haddasawa, rebounding daga Cossacks na sabon gwamnatin

Amma da fall na 1918 zo da wani gagarumin canji a cikin hali na Cossacks. Dalilin da ya saba wa maslahar su da manufofin biyã da Bolsheviks a cikin kasashen da ke karkashin iko. Yana da aka bayyana a cikin kwata na ƙasar na tsohon Cossack Army, kazalika da sake fasalin kudin na Estate ƙasar da kwasfansu, da wani dogon hadisi.

Ya haifar da zanga-zanga da kuma daidaita hakkokin da Cossacks tare da sauran yadudduka na jama'ar na yankin. Wannan ya kai ga zunubi shũshũtãwa ƙiyayya mezhsoslovnoy sau da yawa degenerated a cikin jini rikice-rikice. A karshe, babbar rawa a cikin selection taka kara suka faru na looting da fashi da makami aikata by raka'a na Red Army, da kuma gudanar da Bolshevik jagorancin abubuwa Decossackization, watau rashi na Cossacks na siyasa da kuma soja hakkin.

A farkon wannan gwagwarmaya tare da Bolsheviks

A sakamakon haka, da kaka na shekarar 1918 da mafiya yawa daga cikin Cossacks zama abokan adawar na sabuwar gwamnatin, da kuma kusan duk Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar shiga cikin zanga-Bolshevik motsi. A wannan halin da ake ciki, da Kuban yankin Rada, kuma, saboda haka, kuma ku yi ɗã'a ta sojojin kokarin lashe fiye da biyu anti-Bolshevik, amma aiki dabam daga juna soja da siyasa da tsaro - jagorancin yankin na Don Cossacks da Ukrainian gwamnati. Irin wannan gasar da cewa ya hana hadin gwiwa mataki, kawai raunana overall juriya da dannawa raka'a na Red Army da kuma sabani a cikin anti-Bolshevik motsi.

A watan Agusta na shekarar 1918, bayan nasarar da tarzomar da ya barke a Taman karkashin jagorancin Kanar PS Peretyatko, gudanar yantar da Bolsheviks duk dama banki Kuban da kuma haifar da akwai wani abin dogara outpost ga m na gudummuwar Army. Godiya ga gano sabuwar dama, ta gaba raka'a kãma 17 Agusta Ekaterinodar.

rash yanke shawara

An muhimmanci, a cikin rãyuwar jamhuriyar aka gudanar jim kadan kafin gamuwa da gwamnatin. A aka yanke shawarar, daidai da abin da Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar ci gaba da zanga-Bolshevik gwagwarmaya a ƙawance da gudummuwar Army na Don, maimakon da Ukraine.

Kamar yadda ya juya daga baya cewa zabi ya sa da yawa rikice-rikice da kuma saba wa juna da suka taso tsakanin Kuban shugabanni da fadar White Guard umurninSa. Na asali bambance-bambance sa a gaskiyar cewa Don mutane, idan akai la'akari da Kuban matsayin wani ɓangare na Rasha, ya nema ya iyakance iko na gwamnatin da ta mika wuya ga Shugaban Ataman na Don sojojin Janar AI Denikin (hoto da aka nuna a kasa).

Kuban, bi da bi, da'awar daidaito a warware mafi muhimmanci soja da siyasa da al'amurran da suka shafi. Haka kuma, su ayyuka sa rashin biyan bukata da kaina Denikin, wanda ya dauki shi mai mulkin su tsoma baki a cikin ciki al'amura na Cossack yankuna da kuma tsawwala su mafita. Saboda haka, kusan kafa wani kawance da sannu ya fara fada baya.

The laifi, wanda ya m sakamakon

A karshe hutu tsakanin jiya ne na kawayen zo bayan da wani ya faru da cewa ya faru Yuni 19, 1919 a kan ta Kudu Rasha taro gudanar a Rostov domin kafa guda anti-Bolshevik gaban. A wannan rana, N. Riabovol shugaban na Kuban gwamnati, aka harbe matattu bayan da aka soki Denikin. Mai kisan kai ya memba na jagorancin da gudummuwar Army.

Wannan laifi ya sa zãlunci; tsakanin m yadudduka na Kuban mazauna. Cossacks Wa sun garwaya da darajõji daga cikin gudummuwar Army da zarcewa a lokacin 68,7% na ma'aikata, ya fara en sun mayar da su bar su kashi. Wannan tsari ya tafi haka m cewa bayan watanni 3 na Denikin ta sojojin da suka yi kasa da 10%.

A sakamakon haka, da gudummuwar Army a kudancin Rasha da kuma Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar sha wahala gagarumin lalacewar da kuma raunana ta fama iyawa. A sakamakon haka, shi ne daya daga cikin dalilan da shan kashi na White motsi.

A karshe ƙoƙari karya na yanzu kiki

A farkon kaka na shekara ta 1919 Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar, tarihin abin da aka kusa kammala, ya yi shela, a matsayin abokan gaba ba kawai Bolsheviks, amma kare na daular mulkinsu, wanda sami goyon bayan a sa kai Don White motsi.

A daidai wannan lokaci da wakilai, Regional murna aka rayayye inganta ballewa daga cikin Kuban daga Rasha. A karshen wannan shekara wani ƙoƙari kira ga sabuwar halitta League of Nations da aka sanya wani aikace-aikace na Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar a cikin abun da ke ciki a kan hakkokin da 'yancin kai mahaluži.

Domin a karfafa ta soja yuwuwar na Kuban management kammala wani soja ƙawance da Mountain Jamhuriyar - jihar, ya yi kira a cikin 1917 a kan ƙasa na Terek yankin, wanda babban birnin kasar ya Vladikavkaz. A sakamakon wannan mataki ya zama ma fi ƙarin tsanani a dangantaka da umurnin da dakarun ta Kudu Rasha a matsayin gudummuwar Army shi ne a wancan lokaci suna yaƙi da Cossack Army Mountain Jamhuriyar.

A auka na Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar

Don kawo karshen juna da adãwa da ikirarin da mulki a wannan sararin yankin da aka sa gaba na Red Army a 1920, aka kira shi zuwa cikin sahu na Denikin ta sojojin taro yi ƙaura. Kwamandan a Chief kokarin hana wannan hanyar aika a bore Cossack kauyuka, wanda aikin ya kama da kuma komawa zuwa sojojin da gangan bar da darajõji. Duk da haka, ya yi wani ma fi girma fushi Kuban dangane da kansa da kuma sojojin. A wannan lokacin, da yawa Cossacks canza sheka zuwa Red Army.

A karshe kashi na anti-Bolshevik sojojin a cikin Kuban kuma cikin Don Army Region ya faru a cikin watan Maris 1920. Sai Red Army gudanar da shahararrun Kuban-Novorossiysk aiki. Barin abokan hamayyarsu Ekaterinodar gudummuwar Corps tattara, da kuma Kuban sojojin, guga man da kan iyaka da Georgia, a kan May 3, capitulated.

Duk da cewa nan da nan da Kuban aka kunshe a cikin RSFSR, mutum wasanni na Cossacks da sabon hukumomin ya ci gaba har shekarar 1925 a cikin bege cewa Kuban jama'ar kasar Jamhuriyar za a iya haifi sake. Wannan shi ne dalilin da cewa, ga dukan m shekara, har farkon mai girma Patriotic War, a cikin Kuban yankin da musamman rashin tausayi sun taro danniya, kuma ya aikata Decossackization da dispossession da ya sa da yunwa, wadda ta dauki dubban rayuka.