A tarihin kwamfuta cin: key turakun.

A tarihin kwamfuta ci gaban da ake dangantawa da sunayen fitattun masana kimiyya suka yi tafiya amincewa zuwa ga manufarta - zuwa sauƙaƙe aiki na mutum aiki tare da taimako na inji.

A tarihin kwamfuta ci gaba. kirgawa inji

Blez Paskal (1623-1662). Domin shekaru da dama, matasa masanin kimiyyar ya ci gaba fiye da hamsin model na sarrafa kwamfuta inji, kokarin taimakawa mahaifinsa dauke haraji. A 1645 ya halitta "Pascaline", wanda yin Bugu da kari kuma subtraction.

Gotfrid Vilgelm Leybnits (1646-1716) samarwa a kirga inji, wanda ya kira da kara na'ura. Ta za'ayi duk ilmin lissafi ayyukan.

Charlz Bebbidzh (1792-1872) - na farko shirin-sarrafawa na'ura ya kusan gama da kuma kunshi sassa biyu: lissafi da kuma buga. Na sa a gaba wani dogon lokacin da ra'ayin da na'ura na tunawa da processor. Mataimakin masanin kimiyya Augusta Ada Lavleys ya ɓullo da duniya ta farko shirin ga kwamfuta.

A tarihin kwamfuta ci gaba. New ideas, sabon ƙirƙirãwa.

Herman Hollerith (1829 - 1896) - ƙirƙira a 1888 da tabulator - ƙara na'ura tare da wani lantarki canji. Amfani a cikin ci gaban da naushi katunan Jaccard.

By 1900 shekaru a taro samar hada inji calculators kuma daga baya electromechanical.

Forest - 1906 - halittar wani uku-lantarki injin tube (triode). Wannan samu zai daga baya zama} ashin ga halittar kwamfuta.

Konrad Tsuze (Jamus) ƙirƙira wani sabon, inji, tsari bayanai a 1938 binary code. A 1941 ya bayyana a kan tushen da electromechanical zango, wanda aka dauke ta farko kwamfuta upravlyamym shirin. Ta yi ilmin lissafi, ciki har da iyo batu.

Dzhon Mochli da Presper Eckert - a shekarar 1946 a Pennsylvania ɓullo da farko kwamfuta. Ta aka mai suna ENIAC, yana da wani atomatik kaddara iko.

Dzhon Fon Neyman (1903-1957) - lissafi wanda ya tsara da manufa na "adana shirin".

1949 - Cambridge University - wani sabon English EDSAK da duk aka gyara na zamani lantarki kwakwalwa.

A tarihin kwamfuta ci gaba. A farko Soviet.

A shekarar 1951, akwai wani SECM (kananan lantarki sarrafa kwamfuta inji), wanda an ci gaba da masana kimiyya a karkashin jagorancin Lebedev a wani dakin gwaje-gwaje a kusa da Kiev. Yana daga baya aka ƙirƙira shi, kuma waɗansu, da mafi kyau na wanda a da sittin da aka dauke a kwamfuta "M-20" (halitta a karkashin jagorancin SA Lebedev), wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mutum dubu ashirin da ake gudanar da na biyu.

A tarihin fitowan na kwakwalwa. Daga tsara zuwa tsara.

Computers na ƙarni na farko (50-60 shekaru karni na ashirin da). Babban kashi - da wuri tube. Manyan girma (da shi shagaltar da wani yanki na 170 murabba'in mita) da kuma nauyin da na'ura (30 ton). Ir sun ƙaddara cikin da'irar kwamfuta babban aka gyara: processor, memory, shigar-fitarwa na'urorin.

Computer biyu ƙarni (60-65 shekaru karni na ashirin da). Sinadarin tushe - semiconductor transistors. Memory Capacity (Magnetic zukata) ta ƙara 32 sau, gudun karu sau 10. Rage girman da nauyin motoci, su AMINCI ya karu. Algol, FORTRAN, COBOL, da sanya shi yiwu dalneysheesovershenstvovanie shirye-shirye, sabon shirye-shirye da harsuna da aka ɓullo da muhimmanci. A wannan lokacin, halitta IO processor fara yin amfani da aiki tsarin.

uku-tsara kwakwalwa ((1965-1970 shekaru) canza kashi tushe transistors a kan Hadakar haihuwarka. muhimmanci rage girman kwakwalwa, da darajar. Yanzu za ka iya amfani da mahara shirye-shirye a kan wani guda na'ura. rayayye tasowa shirye-shirye.

tsara ta huɗu na kwakwalwa (1970-1984 biennium). The canji na kashi tushe - a kan wani guda guntu dubban abubuwa. A gagarumin fadada daga cikin mai amfani tushe.

A m tarihi na ci gaban kwakwalwa da kuma ICT alaka da kyautata na microprocessors, microcomputers ci gaba da cewa mutane za su iya mallaka. Stiv Voznyak ɓullo da farko taro gida kwamfuta, sa'an nan - na farko na sirri kwamfuta.