Santa Fe Admiral Hipper (1937-1945): tarihin halitta da rayuwa. Jamus Navy

Jamus jirgin "Admiral Hipper" yana daya daga cikin mafi kyau nauyi Cruisers na Kriegsmarine lokacin yakin duniya na II. Ya dauki bangare a cikin kama na Norway, ta gudanar da wani jerin hare-hare a cikin Atlantic, kuma ya karshe yaki dauki sanyi Barents Sea. A karshe daya da rabi shekaru ransa jirgin ruwa na soja ya zauna a cikin tashar jiragen ruwa a rikon matsayi.

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A kan takarda, da jirgin ruwa na soja Admiral Hipper bayyana a cikin 1934. A sa'an nan a cikin sojan ruwan Headquarters ya tsara da bukatu ga wani sabon jirgin. Da fari dai, daga wani jirgin jiran daidai magance gaba Faransa da kuma Birtaniya adawar. Abu na biyu, a cikin Jamus Navy so da jirgin da zai iya tafi da sauri daga cikin nẽman mutãnen idankun battleships "Dunkirk" da "Strasbourg". Wannan batu yana da matukar muhimmanci - data model ya yi alkawarin zama mafi m dayansu isasshen gudun Cruisers. A karshe, uku, da sabon samfurin da aka nufi ga hari da gudanar da Oceanic da tẽku sarari.

Santa Fe Admiral Hipper mallakar eponymous irin nauyi Cruisers. Yana da aka shirya ya gina biyar irin wannan jirgin ruwa. A sakamakon haka, sai dai "Hipper" bayyana "kwafi Oygen" da "Blücher". A wasu kwanoni guda biyu "Lützow" da "Seydlitz" ba su da lokacin da za a gama. Tã jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Hipper" An mai suna bayan Franz von Hipper, wanda ya umarci wani detachment na Jamus jiragen ruwa a yakin Dogger Bank da kuma Jutland.

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Alamomi "Admiral Hipper" ya fara Yuli 6, 1935 a wata masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa a Hamburg. Sai ya zama zai yiwu bayan da denunciation na yarjejeniyar da Versailles, a lokacin kafa wani iyaka ga Jamus sojojin da kuma sojojin ruwa. Hitler da aka shirya domin daukar fansa da kuma girman provocatively, yayin da nasara kasashe na yakin duniya na kallo a shi ta hanyar ta yatsunsu. Domin ko ta yaya ajiye fuskantar gwamnatin Birtaniya a kammala da wani raba yarjejeniya a karkashin abin da Jamusanci Navy ya samu dama ta kara yawan sojin ruwa dakarun up to 35% na Birtaniya. Ko ta wani hanya, amma da Jamus ba su yi la'akari da ra'ayin nan gaba abokan adawar da ya fara wani m taki shirya domin mai zuwa zubar da jini.

A lokacin farko da rabi na shekara da aka kammala tari a lokacin shiri jirgin ruwa. Fabrairu 6, 1937 nauyi jirgin ruwa na soja a cikin ruwa. A bikin gargajiya kwalban shampen fasa matar Admiral Raeder, wanda ya umarci rundunar motoci. A lokacin yakin duniya na farko ya yi aiki a hedkwatar von Hipper, yayin da ƙaddamar da wani sabon jirgin tsĩrar da mai kauri magana.

Saboda da m makamai ko sojoji na Jamus gasa da juna soja rassan bukatar duk sabon kayan, kayan aiki da kuma aiki. Sanadiyar haka ne, da yarda daga "Admiral Hipper" kullum dakatarda. "Kwafi Oygen" ko ƙara gina. A bikin na wannan jirgin ruwa da ya samu halartar Hitler da regent na Hungary Miklosh Horti. A wurin ta yi ya fara a Kiel, wanda daga baya aka fassara da kuma "hipper". Last bayyana jirgin ruwa na soja "Blucher" a cikin irin nauyi Cruisers.

Fara na sabis

Jamus jirgin ruwa na soja «Admiral Hipper» aka hayar Afrilu 29, 1939. Ya zo kawai a lokaci - gabatowa yakin duniya na biyu. Na farko 'yan watanni na da aiki da jirgin da aka gudanar a kan gwajin gwaji a Kiel. Maris 20, 1940 da matukan jirgin da aka umurce su da su aika da wani jirgin zuwa Cuxhaven. "Admiral Hipper", kazalika da kusan duk halin yanzu 'yan Kriegsmarine, ya kamata ya dauki bangare a cikin mamayewa na Norway, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na aiki "Vezenbyurg" (ko "Koyarwar a kan Weser").

Santa Fe jagoranci wani biyu kungiya, da manufar wanda ya kama wani muhimmin tashar jiragen ruwa na Trondheim. Ya aka shiga ta hallaka "Jacobi", "Riedel", "Ekoldt" da "Heinemann". A kan jirgin cikin "Hipper" sun signalers, Luftwaffe hedkwatar kungiyar da kuma wani ɓangare na 83rd bataliya da 138th rajimanti dutsen. Su kula da Norwegian bakin teku batura.

A rundujar soja masu dawaki bar Cuxhaven Afrilu 6 a tabarbarewar yanayin yanayi. Tare da hanyar da ta shiga wani kananan skirmish da Birtaniya sojojin. Yanzu Birtaniya sun sane da motsi na da Jamus, ko da yake har yanzu suna da wani dogon lokaci ba zai iya fahimtar gaskiya nufi da ikon yinsa, daga cikin aiki.

"Koyarwar a kan Weser"

Afrilu 8, 1940 a kan hanya don Norway jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Hipper" tashi daga baya mana kuma ya tafi zuwa ga ceto hallakarwa "Bernd von Arnim." Wannan jirgin karo da Birtaniya jirgin "Glouvorm" na wannan aji. Kwamandan na "Hipper" Helmut Heye farmaki makiya jirgin ko da yake maƙiyi hayaki fuska da kuma torpedoes. A dukkan yaki, "Glouvorm" sau daya buga da wani jirgin ruwa na soja Jamus, bugawa gefen dama kusa da mafashin ruwa. Yana da aka qananan lalacewa, amma Birtaniya hallakarwa ba don haka sauƙi tsere, ya nutse. A karshe "Glouvorm" biya for "hipper" ramming hari, sakamakon wanda ya za a gyara makonni uku.

A cikin dare na Afrilu 9, da Jamusanci jirgin ruwa na soja anchored a cikin hanyoyi Tronhyema. Kokarin tsayayya da Norwegians ya sosai suna fadin: baturi a bakin tekun kora da dama Shots, bayan da abokan gaba ba sama da yaki da Jamusanci rundujar soja masu dawaki. kungiyar aiki da aka kammala. A jirgin ruwa na soja "Admiral Hipper" ya koma zuwa Jamus domin gyare-gyare.

"Juno"

A watan Mayu, kafa domin da jirgin yana Kiel, inda dangane aka kafa, wanda ya taimake sauran Jamus jiragen ruwa makale a Norway saboda da Birtaniya kawancen. The mai zuwa aiki da aka kira "Juno." Bugu da kari ga "Hipper" shi ya samu halartar da battleships "Gneisenau" da "Scharnhorst" da kuma hallaka "Lodi", "Galster", "Shemann" da "Shtaynbrik.

A kan hanyar zuwa Norway ya gana da Birtaniya jirgin ruwa na soja 530-ton trawler "Juniper". A kananan jirgin ruwan zo karkashin wuta 105-mm Jamus anti-aircraft bindigogi. Ba da da ewa ya trawler tilted ya kuma nutse. A lokaci guda yi nisa "Shemann" nutse a sojan ruwa jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar man fetur "Oil Majagaba."

A "Orama" Wancan guda da yamma, Yuni 6 "Admiral Hipper" gina a 1937 sakonnin a Birtaniya soja kai. The jirgin koma kasarsa na Norway da kuma farin ciki na Turanci da aka komai (sai dai ainihin umurnin). Da dama volleys na fashewar projectiles sun yi aikinsu: "Orama" nutse a hankali zuwa kasa daga cikin teku. Birtaniya suka ɗaga jirgin Jamus jiragen ruwa.

8 Yuni jirgin ruwa na soja da kuma makwabta hallaka aka yi umarni da a aika zuwa Trondheim. Saboda wannan dalili, "Admiral Hopper" ba zai iya shiga a cikin halakar da jirgin sama m "muhibbar". A 'yan kwanaki da jirgin ciyar a kan hanyoyi na Trondheim. Sa'an nan, da yamma a kan Yuni 20, "Hopper" ya tafi da taimakon na lalace torpedo "Scharnhorst". Santa Fe dauki filin tare da "Gneisenau" da "Galsterom". The tafiya ya short. A tsakar dare "Gneisenau" da aka torpedoed ta Birtaniya submarine "Clyde". Jirgin ruwa na soja ya dauki mai yawa da ruwa, da kuma cikin tawagar da komawa zuwa Trondheim, kuma ba tare da cika da manufa. Saboda lalacewar da biyu manyan jirãge, "Admiral Hipper" ya zama mafi girma yaƙina na uku Reich a Arewa Norwegian ruwaye.

Atlantic hari

Wasu sanannun Cruisers yakin duniya na II sun dade da aka yi amfani da kawai a m ruwaye. Don haka shi ne "Admiral Hepper." Kawai Nuwamba 30, 1940, ya karshe sanya dogon jiran a cikin teku Ziyarar. Mid-Atlantic a latitud na Brest-Newfoundland teemed da Birtaniya convoys. A wannan yankin, intersected kai hanyoyi, wanda hawa da dabarun da sojojin da kuma lodi. The kawai free jirgin, iya kai farmaki convoys a lokacin shi ne "Admiral Hipper". Sauran shahara Cruisers yakin duniya na II aka shagaltar. Kan bango na wadannan yanayi, bari mu yi ta yin kuwwa a arewacin tekuna, da jirgin ya fara ta "Operation Nordzeetur".

25 ga Disamba, "hipper" sãmi wani ayarin motocin da cewa rufe jirgin ruwa na soja "Barwick" da kuma da dama raka'a haske Cruisers. Jamus jirgin ya kai hari a rukunin, amma a sami barazana daga shan kashi, suka tattara. By farin ciki daidaituwa da ƙungiya gudanar ya ceci jirgin daga bayyane lalacewa.

Bayan aikatã game da m gamuwa da wani rakiya, sabon Captain Meisel ya yanke shawarar komawa zuwa Turai. A matuƙan sun gaji da fama wajibi a cikin matsananci yanayin da yanayin yanayi. Amma bayan wani yini a kan hanyar dawo wa Faransa kama "hipper" karshe sa'a. Jirgin farmaki m steamship "Yamuna". A manufa buga barrage bindigogi, shiga ta biyu torpedoes. A jirgin ya nutse da sauri, amma Maisel tsoron cewa Birtaniya gudanar ya kai wata wahala da alama dake kusa da jerin gwanon. Idan ya kama "Hipper", sa'an nan Jamus zai sake yi yãƙi wani zalunci yaƙi. Saboda haka, gama da "Yamuna", shugaban ya ba da umarni don su tafi Faransa. Sauri, Maisel ba ta da zuwa hukumar aka nutsa cikin zurfin teku na Englishmen. A sakamakon haka, duk 111 mutane a kan "Yamuna", ya rasu. Disamba 27, "Admiral Hipper" anchored a dok in Brest.

Azores Battle

Bayan Atlantic tafiya "hipper" a bukatar gyara. Gyara dauki daidai da wata, kuma riga 1 Fabrairu 1941 da jirgin ruwa na soja sake shiga cikin teku ruwa. 11 lambobi, yayin ba da nisa daga cikin Azores, da Jamus jirgin tsaya gargadi harbi steamer "Aysland". Da zarar ne jirgin Jamus da aka kira "Dahlia." Yanzu ya zama na waɗansu Great Britain. "Hipper" nutse bayan ta ayarin hadaya.

Daga matuƙan kawo a hukumar "Ayslanda" Maisel koya game da kumbura na duniya a kusa da wata gaba daya defenseless kungiyar jiragen ruwa. Shi ne mai ayarin, wanda ya tafi daga Freetown (Sierra Leone). Yana kunshi kamar yadda da yawa kamar yadda 19 jiragen ruwa na Ingila, Norway da kuma Girka. Babbar nasarar da aka gaskiya cewa ayarin shi gaba daya bã tãre da tsaro rakiya. Fabrairu 12, "Admiral Hipper" ba tare da wani cikas nutse 7 jiragen ruwa. 3 more aka tsanani lalace.

Bayan cimma mafi ban sha'awa nasara ga su ayyuka, "Admiral Hipper" koma zuwa Brest. A watan Maris 1941 ya koma birnin Kiel, inda ya shafe shekara guda. A wannan lokaci da jirgin kyautata, kuma an rufe shi da wani sabon sake kamanni. A watan Maris 1942, ya zo a Trondheim. Battlestar sa ran karshe arewacin yaƙin neman zaɓe.

"Regenborgen"

By tabbatas da abin da irin nauyi Cruisers "Admiral Hipper" ya yi interception Arctic convoys, da Jamusanci umarnin rundunar tsaya a zabi na shugaban kungiyar na jirgin. Tare da shigarwa na Tarayyar Soviet a cikin yaki da irin wannan ayyukan sun zama muhimmiyar. Arctic convoys tafi Tarayyar Soviet daga Amurka da kuma Birtaniya. Da taimakon su kwashe Ka taimaka-Lease shirin. Bisa ga Arewa Sea Route a cikin Tarayyar Soviet kawota zama dole don magance sojojin Uku Reich yaki kayan.

The aiki zuwa sakonnin na gaba jerin gwanon da ake kira "Regenborgen" ( "Bakan Gizo"). Umurnin da shi ya dauki kwamandan a manyan Kriegsmarine Admiral Raeder. Tare da "hipper" ya shiga tsakani a cikin hari sauran nauyi jirgin ruwa na soja "Lutzow", da kuma shida hallaka. A detachment tafi zuwa teku Disamba 30, 1942. A da iyakacin duniya dare. Saboda hadiri jiragen sun rufe tare da ɓawon burodi na kankara, hana yin amfani da na'urorin sadarwa da kuma kayayyakin aiki.

"Sabuwar Shekara ta Battle"

A safiyar Disamba 31 cikin ayarin lura wanda ba a sani hallaka. Jamus sun yi sa'a: Birtaniya yanke shawarar cewa su gudu a cikin wani Soviet sintiri. Saboda wannan kuskure, wuta, bude jiragen ruwa na uku Reich, ya ga ayarin a matsayin cikakken mamaki. Duk da haka, Birtaniya da sauri gyara kuskurensa. Jiragensu aka gina domin yaƙi, da kuma hadari fagen fama smokescreen.

Bayan rabin sa'a bayan da karo, shugaban masu jerin gwanon Robert Sherbrooke koya madalla silhouette "Admiral Hipper". A farko da nufin ya zaɓi jirgin ruwa na soja hallakarwa "Ekeytes", wanda da nufin wuta da aka bude. Saboda yanayin da dymzavesy Jamus sojan igwa kokawa zuwa waƙa da sauko da makiya jirgin. Duk da haka, a 13 Wajen ƙarfe, "Ekeytes" nutsar da su, kuma ya 80 matuƙan tsince zo zuwa ga ceto za su taimaki trawler.

Duk abin ya tafi daidai da shirin, da Kriegsmarine, amma a daidai lokacin da Jamus sun bayyana ne kwatsam a kan sararin sama Birtaniya jirgin ruwa na soja "Sheffield" da "Jamaica". Su rufe "Admiral Hipper" m wuta. Jamus hallaka dauki zuwa up for su kotu, suka matso ma kusa da su da kuma samu wani m hit. A halin yanzu, wani jirgin ruwa na soja "Lutzow" tafi a bin da jerin gwanon. A kyaftin gane kuskurensa, amma ya yi latti: ya ba da umurni ga tashi zuwa tashar jiragen ruwa. Toho daga "Admiral Hipper", da ayarin ci gaba da tafiya zuwa Soviet Murmansk. Da gazawar da aiki ya kai ga murabus Eriha Redera daga post Cif na Jamus Navy.

The ajiye

Dauke da lalace a cikin Barents Sea jirgin ruwa na soja «Admiral Hipper» bi don gyare-gyare, bayan da ya aka lasafta a cikin ajiye da kuma tsaya a Gotenhafene. Sau da yawa ya ragu da kusan polutoratysyachny tawagar. A watan Maris shekarar 1944 aka bi da wani domin shirya jirgi a nan gaba a kasar. Duk da haka, shi ya kasance ba zai yiwu a yi a saboda lokaci. Akwai bai isa ba sassa da mutane kullum tsoma baki tare da aiki na kungiyar tarayyar Soviet da kuma Air Force. Tukunyar jirgi dakin №3, ya ƙone a "Sabuwar Shekara ta yaki", kuma ba sa cikin tsari. Da zarar mai girma yaki inji shi yanzu m har ma ga patrolling da gaba.

Na zo shekarar 1945. Janairu 1st jiragen ruwa management umurce shirya "Admiral Hipper" da kuma ta twin "kwafi Oygen" na watanni uku. A halin yanzu, a tashar jiragen ruwa na gabatowa Soviet sojojin. Saboda wannan, maimakon gyare-gyare da za a magance da fitarwa. 29 Janairu, "hipper" bar Gotenhafen, duk da cewa ya yi aiki daya kawai injin turbin. A cikin "Chrome" Baya ga jirgin da tawagar kafa sansani a rabin dubu evacuees. Ba da da ewa, da jirgin ruwa na soja da ke cikin wani yanki inda 30 daga cikin Soviet submarine "S-13" An sunk da fasinja shafi "Vilgelm Gustlov". Kyaftin Hans Henigst saboda cunkoso jirgin ruwa ya ci gaba da da lifeboats da liferafts, wanda bayar da umarnin rike rushe a hadarin Jamusawa.

Fabrairu 2, "Admiral Hipper" isa a birnin Kiel. The sosai Kashegari, da tashar jiragen ruwa da aka kai hari da Birtaniya da jirgin sama. A lokacin hari da jirgin samu 'yan mafi hits. A wuta ya barke da kuma kone jirgin ruwa na soja ya zauna a kan kasa na your dok. Bayan wannan episode, da Navy tsaya da banza yunkurin gyara da tsohon Navy girman kai. Bayan da sallama na uku Reich a watan Mayu na shekarar 1945, "Admiral Hipper" da aka dismantled karfe.