San Marco - babban coci a Venice. Description, tarihi da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Italiya shahararre jan hankali wanda da shiru shaida game da arziki tarihi, shi ne na babban sha'awa ga matafiyi. Charming Venice bautar wani wuri na musamman a tsakanin sauran birane na kasar, da kuma ta tsarin gine-gine Masterpieces an san a duk faɗin duniya.

Na da tunawa Basilica di San Marco

A zamanin d San Marco - babban coci a Venice, wanda aka gaskiya gane kamar yadda wani fitaccen abin tunawa daga na da art. Beautiful gini, wanda ya bayyana a cikin IX karni, murna cikin zukatan mutane, haddasa su zuwa doke sauri a gaban rare misalai na Byzantine gine a Turai. A shekarar 1987, da janye aka kunshe a cikin jerin UNESCO Duniya Heritage shafukan.

Mazauna birnin da kuma kasashen waje baƙi sha'awan da tsoho babban coci, daukan girman kai daga wuri a duniya taskar gine-gine da ayyukansu.

St. Mark ta Cathedral St. Mark ta Square

Babban addini janye daga Venice aka located in Sestiere San Marco, a kan eponymous tsakiyar square (Piazza San Marco), wanda shi ne mai hallmark birnin. Mafi yawa daga cikin masu yawon shakatawa cikin sauri don samun saba da muhimmanci Monuments na kasar, sanannen San Marco a Venice (yanki).

A babban coci, a tarihin taqin da dama ƙarni, da nuna iko, da yawa daga cikin Venetian Jamhuriyar. Yana da aka shirya cewa a cikin Basilica ne kaya daga St. Mark, wanda a 829 aka ceto ta Italian yan kasuwa daga ƙazanta daga cikin Musulmi da ya kawo wa birni a kan ruwa daga Alexandria. Kamar yadda labari, da Manzo ya zo yawo a cikin mafarki da wani malã'ika wanda ya ayyana cewa bayan ya mutu zai sami zaman lafiya a Venice, da 'yan kasuwa da za'ayi ya karshe bukatarsa. Lokacin da relic zo a cikin birni, da Manzo samu matsayi da ya zama majiɓinci.

A 832 zo na farko version na Cathedral, wanda shi ne a kan 150 da shekara an tsanani hallaka da wuta, amma ragowar na saint ba ya canzawa. Daga baya da Basilica aka mayar da an sake ta gamshi parishioners. Its asali gine-gine da bayyanar da aka wajen gintsẽwa.

A zamani Cathedral of San Marco: description, tarihi, daidai adireshin

Construction na zamani Basilica ayi San Marco, 328, 30124 Venezia, fara a 1063, da kuma a karshen karni ginin da aka tsarkake. Amma 'yan mafi ƙarni ci gaba kisan wuce yarda da kyau haikalin San Marco. Cathedral a Venice - wani sabon abu janye, saboda shi qawata sabon ƙarni na Venetians, a haɗe bayyanar wani addini tunawa ainihi. A sakamakon haka, alama, ya zama wani wuri na aikin haji domin yawon bude ido, ta juya a cikin wani gidan kayan gargajiya na art na tsakiyar zamanai.

The gine-gine da bayyanar da Basilica, gina bulo, akwai abubuwa daga dukan nau'i na styles. Marmara na kyau kwarai quality Greek Bas-reliefs, Gothic manya sanya mai ban mamaki daya-yanki gungu. Saboda da musamman talanti ɗaya na da magina a duniya akwai irin wannan fitacciyar cewa zai iya gasa tare da kyakkyawa da girma na San Marco.

Cathedral a Venice, suka tafi a tarihi a matsayin Basilica na St. Mark, a tsakiyar zamanai ba a hukumance a matsayin wani babban coci, har farkon na XIX karni cewa matsayi mallakar Ikklesiya coci San Pietro di Castello.

Duniya ya zama wani fitacciyar na birane da zamantakewa da rayuwa cibiyar: akwai funerals na heroes, qaddamarwa na Doges da kuma sauran muhimman bukukuwan nan aiko yan unguwa a search na consolation. Yana da wani ƙari a ce cewa Cathedral of St. Mark ya zama addini da jama'a alama ce da birni.

Sauran kaya kawo daga wasu kasashe

Marmari ado na Cathedral of Venice a Piazza San Marco ne tsakanin XII da XIV ƙarni. Decor abubuwa ciki daban-daban sau da shigo da daga wasu kasashe.

A siffar babban coci ne Girkanci giciye. Magina na Venice, tattalin arziki da siyasa da nasaba da Rum, a bayansa da daga Masters a iko daular, ciki har da ginin, lashe tare da biyar domes, reminiscent na fitilun.

Facades bulo, wanda ya ba bayyane daga marmara facings, ado da daban-daban kaya, ya kawo wa Venice. Alal misali, wasu reliefs depicting farauta al'amuran, aka sanya a cikin Byzantine Empire da sassaka pylons kawo daga Syria.

Pala d'Oro, an halitta rabin karni

Majestic San Marco (Venice Cathedral) ne suka shahara a duniya a na musamman da bagaden zinariya, sun yarda da arziki daga wadanda suka tsira. A babba rabo daga cikin haske kashi na ado da haikalin saka dada medallions, a cikin dabara cloisonné. Tsada faranti da aka cire daga Istanbul da kuma su ne mafi girma da daraja. Ado da duwatsu masu daraja da zinariya, suna gane a matsayin gaske aiki na gwaninta.

A iconostasis da ciborium

Chancel Gothic iconostasis rabu daga duhu ja marmara kawo daga Konstantinoful daga nave. Ya crowning wata babbar giciye, kuma a garesu na shãmaki ne 14 mutummutumai: manzanni 12, da Virgin Mary, da wani mutum-mutumi da Manzo Mark.

Akwai kuma na musamman alfarwa a kan kursiyin, da ake kira "ciborium". Karkashin shi da sauran kaya daga St. canjawa wuri a cikin 30-ies na XIX karni daga crypt, a wani marmara sarcophagus, wanda yana goyan bayan da hudu alabaster ginshikan. A kowane daga cikin wadannan reliefs aka sassaka da hotuna na Virgin Mary da kuma Yesu Kristi.

A crypt na Basilica

A 1094 da sauran kaya daga manzo aka sanya a cikin crypt - a vaulted karkashin kasa dakin adanar sauran kaya. 400 shekaru daga baya an rufe zuwa ga jama'a. Bayan fall na Venetian Jamhuriyar a crypt na sabuwar fara sabis.

A cikin hedkwatarsu da aka kafa ɗakin sujada, ado da openwork marmara slab, a karkashin abin da a baya aka gudanar da sauran kaya daga St. Mark. A 1835 da suka mayar da su cikin babban bagaden Haikalin. Crete babban coci na San Marco a Venice ne na musamman sha'awa, saboda kiyaye da wani ɓaɓɓake daga ta gine-gine da bayani masana kimiyya koma baya zuwa kwanaki na farko babban coci.

Abin da kuma da ke a cikin babban coci?

A gefen hagu na bagaden Basilica ne Madonna, da kuma gaba da shi gina Isidor Chapel, wanda gidaje da sarcophagus dauke da ragowar na saint.

A dama da reshe ne baptistery, tsara don jariri baftisma. Its ganuwar suna yi wa ado da marmara da vaults - mosaic qagaggun. A tsakiyar dakin kafa dutse font da tagulla murfi, da kuma kusa da shi da aka gina dutsen kabari mafi girmama Doge - Andrea Dandolo.

Luxury mosaic aiki

Mosaic zane-zane a kan garun, da Dome hanyar sha'awa. Yawancin su suna sanya a cikin XIII karni, kuma farkon kwanakin baya zuwa IX karni.

Luxury abun da ke ciki halitta ta Italian sana'a aiki tare da gilashi da kuma dutse. An yi imani da cewa Venetian artists aka gabatar da art na Byzantine mosaics, sau da yawa ziyartar birnin.

M mosaics a kan ganuwar da Basilica gaya na rayuwar Yesu, gaya mana game da majiɓinci, saint birnin. A tsakiyar Dome aka located abun da ke ciki "Hawan Yesu zuwa sama Almasihu", da kuma a kan arches - aukuwa daga cikin Sabon Alkawari.

Kawo daga Konstantinoful marmara

The kyau na mosaics a kan garun hanyar mu'ujiza a hade tare da m ornamentation sanya na halitta marmara slab bene.

Dole ne in ce wannan dutse a cikin kayan ado na babban coci bayyana ne kawai a cikin XIII karni. Fourth hakar jihadi karfe marmara ginshikan daga Istanbul Ibada. Magina amfani da sabon abu, sakamakon ma fi girma ƙawa aka tsohon babban coci na St. Mark a Venice.

Cathedral San Marco za a iya kira real gidan kayan gargajiya Venetian da Byzantine art, wanda ya ƙunshi invaluable m ayyukansu.

tarihi quadrigue

Sama ƙofar Basilica ne sanannen hudu da dawakai racing, wanda aka jefa a tagulla Greek sculptors a IV karni BC. Quadriga farko bauta a matsayin ado na wani nasara baka a Roma, 'yan ƙarni daga baya, ta sported a ƙofar hippodrome a Konstantinoful.

A XIII karni Venetian Doge Enrico Dandolo, ja da kasar daga rikicin tattalin arziki, ya kama da babban birnin kasar na Byzantine Empire, kazalika da ganima kawo sassaka, wanda daga bisani, a kan umarni na Napoleon, aka aika zuwa Paris, inda ya tsaya domin shekaru 18 da a kan Place du Carrousel. Bayan da shan kashi na sojojin Bonaparte Quadriga koma zuwa Venice, da kuma a kan shawarar da hukumomin da shi hoisted sama da babban ƙofar Basilica. A wartime, a sassaka da ban mamaki labarin da yin fim boye a mafaka.

Yau tagulla dawakai na babban coci na San Marco a Venice suna located a cikin Basilica na gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma gine-gine abin tunawa ne lashe tare da kyau kashe kwafin abin da ya bayyana a 70s na karshe karni.

atrium

Ta hanyar ƙofar main, baƙi shigar da atrium, wadda shãmakunta aka yi wa ado da marmara da mosaics, to sha'awan warai da artist Surikov. Zane-zane bãyar da lãbãri a cikin abubuwan da suka faru na Tsohon Alkawali, da kuma kowace rana daga halittar Allah na zaman lafiya alama snow-fari malã'ika ne. Ga aka qawata da yadin da aka saka dutse kabarin dogaressy (matar da Doge) ni'ima Mikiel.

Ku taɓa tarin dukiyar da m Venice da kuma samun albarkar St. Mark ne mai sauqi qwarai a yau - kawai je kiyaye ikon Manzo Cathedral, wanda shi ne wani labarinsa na addini da kuma} ungiyoyin tarihi.

Kafin baƙi Basilica buga wani musamman biography daga cikin mafi m birni a kan ruwa, wanda ga dama ƙarni janyo hankalin admiring matafiya daga sassa daban daban na duniya tamu.